3. Introduction:
It’s thedevelopment and practical applications on a
nanometric scale
Engineering of tiny machines
Greek prefix ”nano” means abillionth
100 nanometers is the limit to observe
new properties of matter
4. What Is Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the engineering of tiny
machines—the projected ability to make things from
the bottom up, using techniques and tools being
developed today to place every atom and molecule in
a desired place. Shortly after this envisioned
molecular machinery is created, it will result in a
manufacturing revolution, probably causing severe
disruption. It also has serious economic, social,
environmental, and military implications.
5. The principles of physics do not limit our ability to
manipulate things atom by atom. It is not an attempt to violate
any laws; it is something, in principle, that can be done; but
in practice, it has not been done because we are too big.
--Richard Feynman
7. Top-down
The structure varies gradually from large
(top) to small(small)
By Feynman in 1959
The problem: repairs which arise in miniature
structures at bottom can’t be repaired by large ones
at top
8. Bottom-up
Structure varies gradually from bottom(small) to
top(large)
Considered the one and only “true” nanotechnology
Limits of miniaturization are resolved
Highly useful in electronics
9. Three primary steps to produce
nanomaterials
1. Ability to manipulate individual atoms
2. Development of
nanoscopic
machines(assemblers)
3. Replicators are to be programmed
Steps to produce NANOMATERIALS
11. APPLICATIO
NS:
Strong fibers:
Basic item to produce is strong fibre
Later on replications can be made of
diamonds, water and even food
Famines can be then successfully
eradicated
Atomic plants:
Hands” for handling radioactivesubstances
Various functions inside the inner
parts of reactors
13. Electronics(cont
d.)
Plasma Displays
Quantum Computers
Computers:
Moores law states that the density of the
transistors on a silicon chip is raising exponentially
( doubling )for every 18 months. If this trend
continues the size of the transistor would reach its
saturation level ( atomic level
)by 2020. Thus, in the computer industry, the ability
to shrink the size of transistors on silicon
microprocessors will soon reach its limits.
Nanotechnology will be needed to create a new
generation of computer components which makes
sure that the size of the transistor will be much
16. Life Sciences:
Medicine:
Nan robotic fluids to attack
and reconstruct cancer cells
Life expectancy could
increase significantly
Delicate surgeries can be
done more precisely
Cosmetic surgeries
Speculation: aging process
can slowed down/reversed
17. Space
working:
Machines with very low mass, volume and power
consumption
Reconfigurable, autonomous and “thinking” spacecrafts
Ultra new and ultra small constructions and probes
18. ADVANTAG
ES:
Size of substances can be substantially
reduced
Efficiency can be greatly improved
Production will be easy and fast
Precise substances can be produced
Strength and density factors can be
improved
19. Material
With NT, we can create unique materials
and products which are:
• Stronger
• Lighter
• Durable
• Precise
20. Industrial
•Computers can become a billion times
faster and a million times smaller
•Automatic Pollution Cleanup
Medical
•End of Illnesses (i.e.
cancer, heart disease)
•Universal Immunity (i.e.
aids, flu)
•Body Sculpting (i.e.
change your appearance)
22. Disadvantages :
•Loss of jobs (in manufacturing,
farming, etc)
•Carbon Nanotubes could cause
infection of lungs
•Atomic weapons could be
more accessible and
destructive
23. CONCLUSI
ON:
• Nanotechnology with all its challenges and
opportunities will become a part of our
future.
• The researchers are optimistic for the
products based upon this technology.
• Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily
ushering in the new industrial revolution.
