The document discusses affixes, which are syllables added to the beginning or end of root words to form new words. It defines prefixes as affixes added to the beginning and suffixes as affixes added to the end. It then provides extensive lists of English prefixes and suffixes with their meanings and examples.

1. AFFIXES
In English language, adding affixes to existing words (the base or root) to form new words is very common. Affixes are words or syllables added either in front or at the end of the word to obtain new words.
Prefix is placed before the root word to get the new word.
Ex.: inter + national = international
Here, prefix (inter) + national (root word) = international (obtained word).
Suffix is placed after the root word to get the new word.
Ex.: class + mate = classmate
Here, class (root word) + mate (suffix) = classmate (obtained word)
LIST OF PREFIXES
Prefix
Meaning
Examples
ab
away
abduction , absolutism
aer(o)
air
aeronautics , aeroplane
ante
before
Antebellum, antemeridian
anthrop(o)
relating to human beings
anthropology , anthropomorphic
bi
two
bicycle , bilingual ,
bi(o)
life
biology , biography
cent
hundred or hundredth
centimeter, centipede
circum
around
circumlocution, circumference
dynam(o)
power , force
dynamic , dynamite , dynamo
ex
former
ex-wife, ex-president
extra
very, more than usual, outside
extraordinary, extraterrestrial
fore
before, in advance
foreskin , foreshadowing
gyn
female
gynaecology , gynoid
hex(a)
six
hexapod
hyper
excessive
hyperactive , hypertension

2. in
extremely
inflammable , invaluable
inter
between, from one to another
intervention , international
intra
within, interior
intramural, intravenous
kilo
thousand
kilogram , kilowatt
mega
million , very large
megabyte , megaphone
meta
after, beyond
metaphysical, metaphysics
micro
one millionth, very small
microgram, microorganism
milli
thousandth
milligram, milliliter
mon(o)
one , single
monolith , monotony
multi
many
multiculturalism , multilingual
oct(a)
eight
octane , octagon
over
more than normal, too much
overpopulation, over- confidence
pent(a)
five
pentagon
post
after
postmodernist, postmodernism
pre
before
prediction, preview, precedent,
pro
for, in favour of
pro-life, promotion
quadr
four
quadrangle, quadruplet
semi
half
semi-automatic, semi-detached
sub
below, less than, under
subset, subway
super
extremely, more than,
superhuman , supersonic
trans
across, beyond
transport , transliteration
tri
three
triangle, tricolor, triptych
ultra
extremely, beyond a certain limit
Ultramontane, ultraviolet
uni
one , single
uniform, unicorn
LIST OF SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
Examples
able, ible
able, can do
capable, visible
age
act of, state of, collection of
salvage, storage

3. al
relating to
sensual, gradual, manual, natural
ance, ancy
action, process, state
assistance, allowance, defiance
ant
performing, agent
assistant, servant
ary, ery, ory
relating to, quality, place where
dictionary, bravery, dormitory, aviary,
ate
cause, make
liquidate, segregate
cian
having a specific skill
magician, optician, physician
cy
action, function
advocacy, hesitancy, prophecy, normalcy
dom
quality, realm, office
freedom, kingdom, wisdom, thralldom
ence, ency
action, state of, quality
difference, conference, urgency
er, or
on who, that which
baker, carpenter, brewer
fic
making, causing
scientific, specific
ful
full of
frightful, beautiful, helpful
fy
make
fortify, simplify
hood
order, quality
neighborhood, motherhood
ic
nature of, like
metallic, heroic, poetic
ion, sion, tion
act of, state of, result of
contagion, infection, aversion
ish
origin, nature, resembling
Spanish, foolish,
ism
system, manner, condition
alcoholism, feminism, heroism, communism
ist
one who, that which
pianist, elitist
ity, ty
state of, quality
captivity, clarity
ive
causing
conclusive, festive, restive, abusive
ize
to make (like)
emphasize, anthropomorphize
less
without
worthless, mindless, guileless
ly
like
clearly, fearlessly

4. ment
act of, result
contentment, amendment
ness
state of
carelessness, uselessness
oid
like (often suggests flawed or partial resemblance)
asteroid, tabloid, anthropoid, rhomboid, ovoid
(o)logy
study, science, theory
biology
LIST OF NEGATIVE PREFIXES
ant(i)-
against
antidote, antibody, anticlockwise
contr(a)-, contr(o)
against, opposite
contradiction, controversy
counter-
against, opposite
counterpoint, counterweight
de-
taking something away, the opposite
decentralisation, deforestation
dis-
reverse , opposite
dissent , dismantle, disregard
in-, il-, im-, ir-
not
infallibility, illiteracy, immoral, irrelevant
mal-
bad, badly
malpractice, malnutrition
mis-
bad , wrong
miscarriage, misanthropy, mismatch
non-
not
nonsense, non-denial
re-
again, repeatedly
reduction , reflection , revolution
un-
not, opposite, take something away
unconstitutional , unreal, undo