La presentació que Johan Steelant, director de la Divisió d'Anàlisi de Propulsió i Aerotermodinàmica del ESTEC-ESA va fer a Ecotendències Cosmocaixa el 31 de gener de 2012.
1. LAPCAT: Long Term Advanced Propulsion
Concepts and Technologies
High-Speed Civil Air Transportation
J. Steelant
31.01.2012 ESA-ESTEC
CosmoCaixa Section of Aerothermodynamics
Barcelona, Spain and Propulsion
Noordwijk, Netherlands
2. Objectives & Challenges
Mission Objective:
Travelling From Barcelona to Sydney
in about 4 hours
Major Challenges:
– Long range: up to the other side of the world
– High-Speed: up 10x higher or 8 x speed of sound
– Completely New Vehicle Concepts
Multiple disciplines to be integrated:
– High-Speed Engines
– High-Speed Aerodynamics
– High-Temperature Materials
– Highly-Integrated Concepts
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
2 31st January 2012
3. Trans-European Cooperation
LAPCAT II: 16 partners
3 industrial partners + 3 SME
5 research institutions
5 universities
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
3 31st January 2012
4. High-Speed Propulsion
• Propulsion Cycles
• Combined Cycles for High-Speed Vehicles
• Turbo-Ramjet
• Turbo-Dual Mode Ramjet
• ATR-engines: Gas Generator and Expander Cycles
Fan & hub turbine
Core
HX3 engine
combustor
Two spool
compressor
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona He CR Bypass
4 31st January 2012 Preburner Turbine combustor
5. High-Speed Propulsion
• Propulsion Components:
• Contra-rotating Fans, CR-Compressors and CR-Turbines
• Heat exchangers: low and high temperatures
• Low NOx-Combustor
• High-Speed Combustion
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
5 31st January 2012
6. High-Speed Aero and Propulsion
Propulsive Testing of Complete Vehicle on reduced scale:
Validating Design, Integration & Nose-to-Tail tools
Wind tunnel testing of:
- Intake
- Aerodynamics
- Full flowpath
WT Scaling: 1/60
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
From 90m to 1.5m
6 31st January 2012
7. Technology Developments
• High-Temperature Light-Weight Materials
• CMC and UHTC for sharp leading edges, intakes…
• Integrated cooling with CMC Combustor chambers
• Transpiration cooling for combustor liners
• Hollow Sphere based
Sandwich Panels
C/C-SiC
mc=2.9 g/s
Whipox sharp edge
1500.0°C
1500
1000
500
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
7 31st January 2012 250.0°C
8. Environment
Fuel Consumption/Passengers/Distance
Relative Fuel Consumption/PAX/Distance
2.5
’60 design from
2
Lockheed
Present Designs
1.5
Under study
1
JF JF H2 H2 H2
0.5
0
A380 ATLLAS M3 HYCAT LAPCAT A2 LAPCAT MR2
(ATLLASM6)
High Altitude Emissions:
- No CO2 or Particle emissions
- Contrails
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
8 31st January 2012
9. Environment
NOx production
– Low for hydrogen powered vehicles: EINOx ~ 5-10 g/kg fuel
– Low NOx combustor demonstrator
Sonic boom
– At present, not higher than
Concorde despite the higher cruise
speeds
– Further potential to lower it … yet
under study
Other issues under study
– Ozone balance at high altitudes
– Ground pollution
– Radiation
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
9 31st January 2012
10. Operations - Exploitation
Airports
– Evolution towards central hubs located close to sea
No need for a subsonic leg overland
Hydrogen Production
– Preferably by electrolysis of water powered by alternative
energy
– Location close to sea-side beneficial due to:
• Large water resources
• Use of larger wind potential
Future studies required for Hydrogen production
Exploitation on long-haul routes
– Increased usage of high-speed aircraft vs. classical aircraft
- 4 to 6 times more pending on distances, time-schedules…
- High-Altitude flights (24-30km): less in-air congestion
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
10 31st January 2012
11. LAPCAT: Long Term Advanced Propulsion
Concepts and Technologies
High-Speed Civil Air Transportation
THANKS
Any Questions….
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
11 31st January 2012
12. Acknowledgements
This work was performed within the ‘Long-Term Advanced
Propulsion Concepts and Technologies II’ project
investigating high-speed transport. LAPCAT II, coordinated
by ESA-ESTEC, is supported by the EU within the 7th
Framework Programme Theme7 Transport, Contract no.:
ACP7-GA-2008-211485. Further info on LAPCAT II can be
found on http://www..esa.int/techresources/lapcat_II.
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
12 31st January 2012
13. High Speed Vehicles: Range
R= 18,728km; 4.6h
R= 14,100km; 2.5h
R= 10,913km; 2.0h
R= 12,071km; 2.6h
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
13 31st January 2012
15. High Speed Vehicles:
Cruisers up to Antipodal Range
Flight speeds from Mach 3 to 8
HydroCarbon Hydrogen
5.0
3.5
6.0
8.0
4.5
8.0
8.0
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
15 31st January 2012
16. A dream as background:
–6
Initiation of
Mach
hypersonic transport
Initiation of the high supersonic
transport (80’)
–3
–2
Initiation of the supersonic
commercial transport era (70’)
–1
Initiation of the commercial jet
era (50’) Time
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
31st January 2012