The document discusses different types of camera shots used in photojournalism and filmmaking. It defines wide shots, close-ups, extreme close-ups, medium shots, head and shoulder shots, long shots, two shots, point of view shots, over-the-shoulder shots, cut-in shots, and cut away shots. For each shot type, it provides examples and explains how the shot frames and focuses on the subject or scene. The goal is to help photographers and filmmakers understand how different shot types can be used to achieve different effects and guide the viewer's perspective.

1. ECKROS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM-NJOMBE
Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and
presenting of news material for publication or broadcast) that employs images in order to
tell a news story.
The camera angle marks the specific location at which the movie camera or video
camera is placed to take a shot. A scene may be shot from several camera angles
simultaneously. This will give a different experience and sometimes emotion. The
different camera angles will have different effects on the viewer and how they perceive
the scene that is shot. There are a few different routes that a camera operator could take to
achieve this effect.
PHOTOGRAPHY is the art or practice of taking and processing photographs.
What Are Types of Shots
The most important rule when videotaping people is to always compose your shot so that
the subject is cut-off in between joints. Even if you are videotaping. Do not cut your
subject at the knee, neck, elbow or waist. Try to think about this when you plan the shots
in your storyboard.
A shot is a continuous series of motion picture frames that runs an uninterrupted period.
It is equivalent to a clip in editing, defined as the continuous footage between two edits.
The same shot denominations can also be used to create similar framing when there are
no humans in the shot. The following are the types of shots,
Very wide shot
The subject is rarely visible but the emphasis is basically targeted in the environment of
the area.
Under this, shot the image seems to be taken at a distance or far away and it include
many features but the sizes are small that you cannot recognize it easily. At the centre of
this picture, it seems there is someone surrounded by the crowd demanding for something
and others are still going to join them.
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2. Extreme Wide Shot
The view is so far from the subject that he isn't even visible. Often is used as an
establishing shot. It is wider than the long shot. The human figure is barely visible. This
kind of shot is often used as an establishing shot for the scene. It normally shows an
exterior or a larger interior.
EWS
Wide shot
The image seems to be taken closer and it includes few features. The subject takes up the
full frame or at lieast as much as comfortably as possible. This shot type (also referred to
as a full shot or a wide shot) shows the entire person or object, with the intention to place
it in some relation to its surroundings. This is considered the most “natural” shot type as
it is wide enough to inform the viewer about the setting of the scene, and close enough to
make most of the action in the scene visible.
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3. .. ...
Close up shot
Is like a passport shot. It shows many features for their subject. It can be half-full length
from waist up to the top (head). Moreover, it includes features of the subject only like a
face but a certain feature or part the subject takes up the whole frame. A close up is a shot
that tightly frames a person’s face. Along with medium shot and long shot, close-ups are
the most common types of shots used.
A close up gives great detail of the person’s facial expressions and is used mostly for that
reason it is used to distinguish the main characters and to show the characters’ emotions.
Close ups are used more often in television than in film.
……
Close up
Extremely Close Up Shot
This shot show only few features will be seen clearly. The subject is fitted in the whole
frame. It might also be used in a mystery to show some detail that the detective notices or
to show some small clue. For example the second picture here under shows even the
small pimple on a face. This shot is an even tighter variant of a close up. It shows the
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4. character’s face only partially, sometimes only the eyes or the mouth. It is used only to
show especially dramatic element of a scene.
………..
Mid-short
This is taken from the half of the leg to the top that covers ¾ of the total subject. Show
some parts of the subject in more details while still giving an impression of the whole
subject. The name implies that this is a shot from a medium distance. It shows a person
from the waist up. Close enough to show facial expressions, but good in showing body
language. In wider formats, a medium shot can show two or (three persons) in one frame.
Medium Shot. This shot can refer to a full-body shot or a shot of a person from the knees
up.
….
Mid shot
Head and Shoulders
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5. The head and shoulders shot are used in news broadcasts. If you think about the
television news, you will realize that this shot reveals enough detail to see the subject's
lips move and the expression on her/his face only.
Long Shot
This shot is useful for someone that is walking or moving.
Noddy
It usually refers to a shot of the interviewer listening and reacting to the subject. For
instance man at the picture is seen as if he is complaining or arguing with someone. Take
a closer look at the hands and the facial expression!
Two Shot
A shot of two people framed similarly to a mid shot. Two-shots are composed when two
people are in the scene and their interaction is important. A two-shot is a good way to
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6. introduce a conversation. From the introduction, you might cut to an over the shoulder
shot of one person talking or a close-up of the other person reacting to what is being said.
Weather Shot
The subject is the weather. It can be used for the purpose e.g. Background for graphics
..
Bust Shot
This shot shows your subject from above the knees to above the head. It is often used
when the subject of the shot is doing something that requires the audience to see some
detail.
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7. Over -the-Shoulder shot
The over the shoulder shot reveals one subject as seen from over the shoulder of another
subject. It simulates a view of the subject as seen from the second person's eyes. This
shot is often used in conversations between two people where the detector wants to focus
on the person speaking. Usually these shots are headshots (close ups of the speaker). It is
looking from behind a person at a subject.
Over the Shoulder Shot
Point of View Shot
Show a view from the subject's perspective.
The picture is showing that the person is trying to go down stair but the left foot has not
touched the next stair because he is still in motion.
Two Shot
A shot of two people framed similarly to a mid shot.
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8. Cut-In
Show some other part of the subject in detail. This shot shows a part of the subject, or
another object, in detail. It can be used purely for editing (to insert between similar
shots), or to indicate an important element of the story. Examples of a cut-in would be a
person’s hand.
Cut Away shot
A short of something other than the subject.
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9. References
Fincher,T.(1980) Creative Technique In Photojournalism
Langford,M(1997) Photographic Printing And Enlarging.
Tausk,P.(1976), An Introduction To Press Photography, IOJ, Praque.
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10. References
Fincher,T.(1980) Creative Technique In Photojournalism
Langford,M(1997) Photographic Printing And Enlarging.
Tausk,P.(1976), An Introduction To Press Photography, IOJ, Praque.
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