1. Formation of Ootheca
the left accessory gland
P.C.J.Brunet. (1952). The Formation of the Ootheca by Periplaneta americana.
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 93, 47–69.
Mercer. E. H., & Brunet, P. C.J. (1959). The electron microscopy of the left colleterial
gland of the cockroach. The Journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology, 5(2),
257–62.

2. Ootheca
Egg pod, Egg case.
without the egg case?
enemy, bacteria, fungi, water, temperature,
humidity.

3. Accessory gland
produce most
of the
material used
in the
formation of
ootheca.

4. Why study accessory gland?
1. Major organ in cockroaches.
2. Management
Understanding the physiology gives us the
possibility to find ways to disrupt the formation
of Ootheca.

5. There are a pair of accessory glands
The left
composed of more tubules, larger, whitish.
secrete a protein which becomes part of the
ootheca.
The right
translucent and colorless.
the right is to secrete a diphenolic substance
that serves to cross-link protein molecules.

6. Materials and Methods
1. Periplaneta americana
2. Anatomical methods
dissect the insects
3. Histological and cytological methods
Transmission electron microscopy.
4. Observation of the tissues over different
developmental time periods.

7. Four regions, four cell types

8. Four cell types - Type 4
E -> end-apparatus
F -> funnel of end
apparatus
P -> Processes of end
apparatus
secrete the structural
protein

9. Four cell types -Type 3
Type 3 cells
resemble bothtype
2 and 4 and
probably a
transient
intermediate form.
the tallest cell in
the four type.

10. Four cell types -Type 2
function: form an
oxidase.
structure: taller than
type 4 cells. have an
end-apparatus that is
similar to, but more
complex than those of
type 4 cells, and the
cytoplasm is almost
completely filled with
mitochondria.

11. Four cell types -Type 1
1. posterior end of gland.
2. no sign of secretory
activity and have no
end-apparatus, changes
little during the
differentiation.

12. Timeline
Last instar => appear
1st day => differentiate
7th day => increase in size
14th day => mature

13. Summary
● elucidated and characterized 4 cell type in
left accessory gland of P. americana
● determined the time course of cell
differentiation.
This is the landmark paper for P. americana accessory glands physiology and
still be used in understanding of accessory gland in Bombyx mori. L(2006),,
Sesamia nonagrioides (2008), Cryptocercidae, Mastotermitidae(2008),
Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae, Cetoniinae (2009)

14. Acknowledgement
William Reid
Ming Li,
Feng Liu

15. Further anatomical data on the colleterial glands of Pleurosticti (Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae, Rutelidae, Dynastidae,
Cetoniidae)
De Marzo, L. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura. 41(1). APR 30 2009. 1-6.
Colleterial glands of Sesamia nonagrioides as a source of the host-recognition kairomone for the egg parasitoid
Telenomus busseolae
De Santis, Federica [Author]; Conti, Eric Romani, Roberto [Author]; Salerno, Gianandrea [Author]; Parillo, Francesco
[Author]; Bin, Ferdinando [Author].
Physiological Entomology. 33(1). MAR 2008. 7-16.
The fine structure of colleterial glands in two cockroaches and three termites, including a detailed study of Cryptocercus
punctulatus (Blattaria, Cryptocercidae) and Mastotermes darwiniensis (Isoptera, Mastotermitidae)
Courrent, Annie; Quennedey, Andre Nalepa, Christine A. Robert, Alain ; Lenz, Michael [Author; E-mail: michael.
lenz@csiro.au]; Bordereau, Christian [Author, Reprint Author;
Arthropod Structure & Development. 37(1). JAN 2008. 55-66.
Proteome analysis of the silkworm (Bombyx mori. L) colleterial gland during different development stages
Jin, YuanXiang [Author]; Chen, YuYin [Author]; Jiang, YongHuang [Author]; Xu, MengKui [Author,
Archives of Insect Biochemistry & Physiology. 61(1). JAN 2006. 42-50.