bone disease!

1. Osteoarthritis
(KNEE & HIP JOINT)

2. What is Osteoarthritis
 It is also known as Degenerative arthritis or Degenerative Joint Disease.
 This condition is sometimes called arthrosis or osteoarthrosis.
 Which include the group of mechanical abnormalities involving
degeneration of joints,
including articular cartilage and subchondral bone.

3. Types of Osteoarthritis
 Primary Osteoarthritis
> Considered as wear & tear Osteoarthritis
> It is associated with Aging, longer activity
by joint
> People tend to develop this type at the
age of 55 – 60
(Dr. Yusuf Yazici)
Note : Treatment is the same for both.
 Secondary Osteoarthritis
> Considered as the specific cause
> Such as an injury, Obesity, Inactivity
genetics or disease
> People tend to develop this type at the
age of 40 – 45
(Dr. Yusuf Yazici)

4. Symptoms of Osteoarthritis
 Pain : During or after movement
 Tenderness : When light pressure is applied
 Stiffness : After the period of inactivity like in the morning
 Inflexibility : Limited Range of motion
 Grating sensation : May hear or feel during activity
 Bone Spurs : Extra bits of bone may form around the effected joint

5. JOINT MOST COMMONLY AFFECTED
ARE….
 Osteoarthritis can affect any joint, especially if it’s been badly injured..

6. Causes of Osteoarthritis
 When cartilage that cushions the ends of bone in your joints gradually
degenerate.
 Cartilage is a firm, slippery tissue that permits nearly frictionless joint range
of motion.
 In Osteoarthritis the slick surface of the cartilage becomes rough and thin,
Eventually you may be left with bone rubbing on bone

7. Causes of Osteoarthritis (Conti..)
 The bone at the edge of your joint grows outwards forming bony spurs
called Osteophytes.

8. Risk factors
 Older age : risk factor increases with age
 Sex : Women are more likely to develop Osteoarthritis. Though it is not
clear why
 Obesity : It added stress on weight bearing joints i.e. Hip and knee
other than that fat tissue produces protein that may cause
inflammation in and around the joint
 Genetics : Some people inherit the tendency to develop osteoarthritis

9. Risk factors
 Joint injuries : While playing sports or from sudden accident
 Bone deformities : Some people born with malformed joints or
defective cartilage which increases the risk
 Other Pathology : having Diabetes or other rheumatic diseases
such as Gout and rheumatoid arthritis
 Routine Effects : Tasks that place repetitive stress on a particular joint

10. Complications
 It is degenerative disease that worsens over time
 Joint pain may become severe enough to make daily tasks difficult
 Some People are no longer able to do daily task

11. Test and Diagnosis
 Physical examination : Checking for tenderness, Swelling or redness
and ROM of joint
 Imaging Test :
X-Ray – May show the bone spurs around a joint
MRI _ May help in Complex cases
 Lab Test :
Blood test _ May help in rule out other causes
Joint Fluid analysis _ To determine if your pain is caused by Gout or an infection

12. Treatment
 Medication :
- Acetaminophen : Can relieve pain
- NSAIDS : May reduce pain and inflammation
 Surgical :
- Cortisone shots : Relieve pain in your joint
- Lubrication injection : Provide Cushing effect
- Realigning Bones : Surgical procedure
- Joint replacement : Surgical Replacement of joint

13. Role of Therapy
 Physical therapy : Exercise program that will strengthen the muscle
around your joint, increase your ROM & reduce pain
 Occupational therapy : It can help you discover ways to do everyday
tasks without putting extra stress on your joint
 Braces or shoe inserts : They can immobilize or support your joint to help
take pressure off it and reduce pain
 Chronic pain class : To learn tips and tricks that help you manage your
pain from other people with osteoarthritis

14. Remedies
 Exercise : It can increase your endurance and strengthen the muscles
around joint, Making joint stable
 Lose weight : Even a small amount of weight loss can relieve some
pressure and stress and reduce pain
 Heat and Cold : Management of Both work efficiently, Heat relieves
stiffness and Cold can relieve muscle spasms
 Counter pain creams : relieve pain temporary
 Assistive Devices : these can make it easier to go about your day without
stressing your painful joint