Air pollution

1. Dr Pallavi Potdar
Associate Prof.,
Community Medicine
D.Y. Patil Medical College Kolhapur

2. Contents
Introduction
Sources of air pollution
Indoor air pollution
Effects of air pollution
Prevention and Control
Summary and Conclusion

3. Introduction
Constant & menacing problem throughout
the world.
Threatens the very existence of man on
planet.
Deserves a sustained attention at national
& international level.

4. Sources of air pollution
1) Industrial sources- factories of iron, steel,
cement, paper, thermal power plant,
petroleum refineries etc
HCl, CO, CO2, O3, H2S, SO2
2) Automobile sources- lead, polycyclic
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide. Diesel
engines.

5. Sources of air pollution
3) ) Domestic sources - burning of fire wood,
dung, crop residues, kerosene oil, smoking.
Smoke, dust, SO2
4) Agricultural sources- organo-phosphorous &
organo-chlorous compounds.
5) Natural sources- forest fires, volcanic
eruptions, dust storms.

6. Air pollutants
More than 100
Chemical pollutants
Particulate matters: Dust, smoke, soot, sand, grit
Gases: CO, CO2, H2S, SO2, hydrofluoro carbons
Metals: Arsenic, copper, zinc, lead, carcinogens
Biological pollutants
Pathogens & spores

7. Hazards of air pollution
Individual effects
Global effects

8. Individual effects
1) Irritants – SO2, O3
2) Carcinogenic – polycyclic compounds
3) Effects on nervous system – OP
compounds
4) Annoyants – disagreeable odour-nausea
H2S, organic peroxides, mercaptans

9. Acute effects
Irritants: eye, nose, throat,
respiratory mucous membrane
Allergies – pollens, spores.

10. Chronic effects
Chronic bronchitis
 Bronchiectasis
Emphysema
COPD
Bronchial asthma
Lung cancer

11. Global effects
1) Ozone depletion
2) Global warming
3) Acid rain

12. Global effects
Ozone depletion
Oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons
Increased penetration of UV- rays
Skin cancer, cataract, reduced immunity.

13. Global effects
Global warming
Green house effect- Normally seen.
CO2, methane, CFC , ozone - elevate
temperature.

14. Global warming
Drynessofclimate
Reductioninworldfoodproduction
Meltingofpolaricecaps

15. Acid rain
Sulphur dioxide- sulphuric acid
Carbon dioxide- carbonic acid
Nitrogen dioxide-nitric acid
Leads to acidification of soil, water
Damage to plants, fish
Decreased food production

16. Effects on animals
Weakness, cachexia

17. Miscellaneous
Damage to buildings like old monuments
Damage to metals, textiles, rubber & works
on wood, stone, bronze etc

18. Indoor air pollution
Exposes more people world wide than
outdoor air pollution
More among rural people

19. Sources of indoor air pollution
Respirable particles- tobacco smoke
Carbon monoxide- gas heaters, stove
Nitrogen dioxide- gas cooker
Sulphur dioxide- coal combustion
Carbon dioxide- combustion, respiration

20. Effects of indoor Air Pollution
ARI in children
Chronic lung diseases, cancer in adults
Adverse pregnancy outcomes

21. Monitoring of Air Pollution
Sulphur dioxide
Smoke
Suspended particles

22. Monitoring of Air Pollution
SO2 monitoring- Daily basis – by lead
peroxide device
Smoke/ soiling index- white filter paper
Dust measurement – by using midget
impinger - Monthly analyzed
Coefficient of haze- for smoke assessment
Air pollution index – one or more
pollutants as a measure of severity of
pollution

23. Prevention and Control
Location of industries
Containment
Replacement
Dilution- green belts
Legislation
International action

24. Disinfection of air
1. Mechanical ventilation – reduces
vitiated air, bacterial density
2. U-V radiation – OT & infectitious
disease wards
3. Chemical mists – triethylene glucol
4. Dust control – oil

25. Summary & conclusion
Hazards of air pollution
Prevention and control