2. CONTENT
Definition
Air pollutants
Classification
PrimaryAir Pollution
Secondary air Pollution
Source of air pollution
Gases
Particles
Effect ofAir pollution
On human health
OnAnimals
On plants
On Materials
On Climates
Control of Air pollution
Cyclone collector
Electrostatic precipitator
4. DEFINATION
Air pollution is basically the presence of
foreign substances in air in excessive
concentration which adversely affect the well
being of the individual or causes damage to
property.
According to World Health Organization,
air pollution is defined as “substances put into
air by activity of mankind into concentration
sufficient to cause harmful effect to his health,
vegetables, property, or interfere with the
enjoyment of of his property.”
6. CLASSIFICATION
PRIMARYAIR POLLUTION
The poisonous gases and
undesirable chemical which cause air
pollution. They are emitted directly
to the atmosphere.
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Hydocarbons (HCs)
Radio active compounds
Particles of metals
Pollens
Bacteria, etc.
SECONDARYAIR POLLUTION
Those which are produced in
the air by the interaction among two
or more primary air pollution.
Ozone (O3)
Peroxyacetyl nitrrate (PAN)
Formaldehyte
Formation of acid rain
Smog
Nitrogen oxide, etc.
7.
8. SOUCE OF AIR POLLUTION
NATURAL
Natural Contaminants
(fungi, spores, cysts,
bacteria, methane, dust,
etc.)
Carbon monoxide from
methane gas
Volcanic Eruptions
Forest fire
Electric storms & solar
flares
Salt spray from ocean
Dust storms
Hydrogen sulphite
Cosmic dust
MAN-MADE SOURCE
Emission from vehicle
Rapid industrialization
Agricultural activities
War fares
Automobile revolution
Deforestation, etc.
Burning of fossils fuel
9. EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION
ON HUMAN HEALTH
Eye irritation can be caused by mainly air pollutant
such as NOX, O3, PAN, pesticides, etc.
Increase in mortality and morbidity rate
Heavy metals, like lead may enters through lung
cause poisoning
Dust particles can cause specific respiratory disease
like silicosis, asbestosis, etc.
Cadmium particles cause cardiovascular disease,
kidney and liver damage.
Nickel particles causes respiratory damage
Radioactive substances affect future generation.
10. Effect of Air pollution Contd…
ON ANIMAL
Fluorine:- almost all farm animals, cattle, and
sheep are susceptible to fluorine toxicity. Horses
are quite resistant. Fluorine is a cumulative poison
under conditions of continuous exposure to sub
acute doses. Its effect include lack of appetite, rapid
loss of weight, periodic diarrhea, etc.
Lead:- Chronic lead poisoning have been observed
frequently in animals that have been grazing
smelter and lead mines.it cause paralysis, and
difficult in breathing.
Arsenic:- Acute case causes severe salivation,
thirst, loss of appetite, paralysis and diarrhoea. In
Chronic arsenic poisoning cause cough,diarrhoea,
anaemia, abortion, paralysis and death.
11. Effect of Air pollution Contd…
ON PLANTS
Spraying pesticides, organic manure and
agricultural applications – affect the rate of
growth of plant
Destroy chlorophyll formation-disturb
photosynthesis
SO2 – decreases chlorophyll content- causes
chlorosis
NO2- permanent leaf fall
Ozone – Necrosis –dead area of leaf-damages the
leaves.
12. Effect of Air pollution Contd…
ON MATERIAL
Corrosion
Abrasion
Deposition
Chemical attack on surface
13. Effect of Air pollution Contd…
ON CLIMATE
Increase in CO2 –Increase temperature of
atmosphere – ice and glaciers melt – flooding of
coastal towns – change rainfall pattern –
agricultural output changes.
Depletion of ozone layer- increase penetration of
harmful UV rays on earth – skin diseases,
sunburns, inactivation of RNA, DNAand protein
molecules.
14. CONTROL OF AIR
POLLUTION
Planting more trees
Reducing vehicle exhausts
Using less polluting fuels
Using mass transport
Removal of particulate matter using
electrostatic precipitator, cyclone filter, etc.
Industrial area should be cited far away from
residential area.
Suitable chemical methods applied to remove
hydrocarbons
Multi stage combustion process – suggested to
remove oxides of nirogen
15. Control of Air Pollution Contd…
Activated carbon, charcoal, commercial
zeolite and pulverized lime stones can
be used to remove polluting gases by
absorption.
Use of tall chimneys reduces
concentration of air pollution at ground
level
16. CONTROL DEVICES FOR AIR CONTAMINATION
There are various types of control devices or
equipment for removal of particulate matter as
follows:
Settling chamber
Cyclone
Electrostatic precipitator
Bag filter
Dust collector
Spray tower
Multiple fixed-bed adsorber
Sieve plate or tray tower
Surface condenser
19. REFERENCE
S. Deswal,A. Deswal; “Abasic course in
Environmental studies” Second revised edition,
Reprint:(2013) New delhi. Dhanpat Rai & CO. (P)
LTD. Education and technical publioshers. Page
5.2-5.3
Health effects of outdoor air pollution. Committee
of the Environmental and Occupational Health
Assembly of the American Thoracic Society.
(1996). [Comparative Study Review]. American
journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,
153(1), 3-50.