Women Emergency Responders Family Care Challenges

1
Abstract
[Dissertation Title]
by
Linda J. Gonzalez
MSCJ, Saint Leo University, 20XX Comment by Laureate
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of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
[name of program]
Walden University
[last month of term you graduate] 20XX
Abstract
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Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy

Criminal Justice / Emergency Management
Walden University
[last month of term you graduate] 20XX
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Table of Contents
List of Tablesiii
List of Figuresiv
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study1
Introduction1
Problem Statement2
Nature of the Study2
Research Questions3
Research Objective4

Purpose of the Study4
Conceptual Framework5
Operational Definitions6
Assumptions7
APA Level 2 Heading7
Chapter 2: Literature Review10
First Heading10
Chapter 3: Research Method11
First Heading11
Chapter 4: Results12
First Heading12
Chapter 5: Discussion, Conclusions, and Recommendations14
First Heading14
References15
Appendix A: Title of Appendix17
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i
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study
Background
There exists a challenge in the way many women in careers
responding to emergencies, such as firefighters, police officers,
medical response and now in the growing emergency
management field, can manage to accurately and efficiently
respond to disasters and not worry about their families while
they are actively deployed. The challenge that women in these
critical life-saving careers are often faced with is to respond to
disasters as required by their employers or to evacuate or
shelter in place with their families. The choice is a difficult one
and can often be decided if there is a different solution to the
problem such as another member in the household that could
tend to the family, a safe location offered to those families by
the employer, or if the organization can operate without them so
there is no need for a choice. Alternate solutions often result in
the responding woman being able to focus on response and
recovery and the task at hand.
The need to respond during disasters is often quick,
unscheduled, and unplanned for. The need to find care for
family members at home will often be hard to find if the
planned solution is themselves attempting to deal with the
event. Often times, there is an organization policy that

determines who in the company is required to respond to those
emergencies. It is those policies that women often cannot take a
role in these positions because they are contradictory to what is
required of them at home. New challenges are brought in by
industry’s changes and the varying degrees of emergent
situation requirements.
There have not been quality research studies that provide
sufficient knowledge to address the challenges that women
emergency responders may adopt to improve the level of their
urgent job calls when they have families to care. This research
aims to bridge the knowledge gap and provide information for
effective decision making for women who may be required to
respond to emergent work conditions even when they have no
one else to take care of their families and offer solutions to
employers to minimize the conflict.
Problem Statement
The family make-up and dynamic has changed significantly over
the past two decades, and more women are serving as the
primary earner in the household. Medved (2016, p. 236) notes
40% of U.S women, a 30% increase from 1960, are primary
breadwinners in families with children (as cited in Wang,
Parker & Taylor, 2013). Additionally, more women are in
occupations previously dominated by males such as Emergency
Medical Services (EMS), firefighting, and the police force.
Defined as occupations with less than 25% women, men
dominated careers include Emergency Medical Services (EMS),
firefighting, and the police force (Du Plessus, O’Sullivan &
Rentschler, 2014). While this shift brings along certain obvious
challenges such as discrimination and sexual harassment,
Dresden (2018) thought the problems facing women are more
pronounced when it comes to work-life conflict (as cited in
Helfgott, Gunnison, Murtagh, & Navejar, 2018, p. 240).
Nature of the Study
This research will be a qualitative study as it aims in gaining a
better understanding of the familial challenges for women
serving in emergency response roles. Hopefully, the study is

used to make informed recommendations that will show women
in this profession a balance between family and work life is
possible. The appropriate methodology for this study will be the
use of structured, but relaxed interviews (Gubrium et at., 2012,
p. 197). The rationale for discussions is to draw in-depth
analysis and information on the opinions, feelings, and
perceptions women responders with regards to the challenges in
the work environment and their family balance. In a previous
study investigating willingness of first responders to work
during disasters, focus groups and interviews were used (Smith,
2015, p. 3). The reason given for the use of their methodology
was to promote relaxation and build a relationship. The
information gathered will be collected from a group of women
whom share the same challenges. Because of the shared
experiences the interviewed women have experienced, this study
is phenomenological. The focus will be on how the experience
is described. The challenge will be to eliminate personal
involvement (Patton, 2015, p. 575). The need to remove own
prejudices and viewpoints is crucial for an objective study.
Research Questions
1. What are the perceived underlying causes of work-life
conflict for women serving in emergency response roles?
2. How can these underlying causes of work-life conflict for
women serving in emergency response roles be eliminated or
minimized?
3. What are the experienced challenges that women first
responders have realized in the need to respond to urgent work
calls when they have no one else to look after their families?
Research Objective
The study aims to address the challenges that women face when
they are needed to respond to disasters but have no one else to
tend to their families while they are deployed. The research will
explore the areas in which women responders have found key
challenges when they are the only viable option to tend to their
families in times of disasters, and at the same time, attempt to
still maintain their time to the work requirements especially

during a disaster when most organizations want all of their
critical personnel on deck. Attempts that the women have tried
to excel both in their families and at their career have met
significant resistances based on logistical requirements
especially if there are no other people to help the mothers to
take care of families.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of the
familial challenges facing women employed as emergency
response personnel. Women employees are many across
different sectors, and their numbers keep increasing. However,
in career fields that require response action, women are not as
well represented. Women in these roles find more challenges
than their male counterparts because most males that have
families also have someone else available to tend to their
families if they have to respond to a disaster. Almost every
year, with the new introduction of policies regulating work and
with changes in the work structures, there is always a reason for
increased research and knowledge that can advise the women
employees in the best direction to take to improve their job
response time with family considerations. This is the reason
why a study like the current one is vital in helping in boosting
the available knowledge on how women employees can manage
to make quick responses to duty calls and still know that their
families will be safe while they are gone.
Conceptual Framework
The most logical trajectory for this study would be
phenomenological research, offering an explanation to concerns
affecting women that work in emergency response roles while
acting as head of their household. The aim for participants is
women who share difficulties and experiences within their
family role and their employment (Patton, 2015, p. 118). As the
information gathered evolves, the issues will change and the
true factors that are leading to work-life conflict will become
obvious (Gubrium, Holstein, Marvasti, and McKinney, 2012, p.
86). Patton (2015) presumed this method will best find that

shared experience and how they each process that shared
experience. Because the responses to the interview questions are
expected to be similar, that shared problem should also result in
a post research experience that can be shared with others (p.
115). The shared experience, or essence of the shared
experience, must exist in a phenomenological approach in order
for it to be understood within the group (Patton, 2015, p. 116).
If the experience is not similar, then how participants perceive
the interview questions differ.
Beaty and Davis (2012) studied the reasons why women
were venturing away from city manager positions. One of those
reasons was noted to be lack of set scheduling and childcare.
With the absence of overnight or odd hour childcare, needing to
be on location for an emergency during off hours is virtually
impossible. Whereas Wang, Parker, and Taylor (2013) note that
more women are becoming the breadwinners in the family. They
studied a growing trend that more women were becoming the
main or sole financial provider of the home and the public is
conflicted (Wang et al., 2013).
The general framework will identify the underlying factors
for some challenges and their consequences. The framework
will strengthen the need for and ways of reducing or altogether
eliminating the challenge of being a woman, head of her
household that works in a job, requiring her to be on scene as a
responder of natural disasters. All these will be guided by the
end goal of increasing the quality of output for female
employees as well as their morale. As an additional benefit, the
findings and recommendations of the study hope to improve the
population of women in this profession as the working
environment will be made conducive for them. The research
framework will be based on the causes of work-life conflict
challenges for women serving in emergency response roles,
their effects and measure, and policies to put in place that will
motivate women in this profession and increase the quality of
their output.
Operational Definitions

First Responder - Homeland Security Presidential Directive /
HSPD-8 defines the term “first responder” as “individuals who
in the early stages of an incident are responsible for the
protection and preservation of life, property, evidence, and the
environment, including emergency response providers as
defined in section 2 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6
U.S.C. 101), as well as emergency management, public health,
clinical care, public works, and other skilled support personnel
(such as equipment operators) that provide immediate support
services during prevention, response, and recovery operations”
(Department of Homeland Security, 2003).
Shelter-in-place - FEMA defines sheltering-in-place when
conditions require that you seek immediate protection in your
home, place of employment, school or other location when
disaster strikes.
Assumptions
The study will be limited by the number of cases that can be
analyzed without missing the purpose of anazlyzing the data.
The research may be limited with time available and allocated.
The study, following that it will touch on the individual person
may have data sensitivity issues that may also limit the level of
success in data availability and analysis. However, with proper
planning, it is always possible to provide the best possible
solutions to the data collection problems. It is assumed that
participant responses will be honest and forthcoming. It is up to
the interviewer to establish a trust and rapport with each
interviewee. A final assumption is that the data received will
not be used or shared with employers and family members. It
will be up to the interviewer to ensure that the interviewee
understands that all information will be confidential and coded
to ensure animomity.
Scope and Delimitations
The study aims to address that under most normal conditions for
women first responders is the limited time allocated for the
family can be interrupted by work. Attempts that women have
tried to excel both in their families and at the places of

employment have met significant resistances based on logistical
requirements especially if there are no other people to help
women to take care of their families. This study will explore the
different approaches that have worked for some women, and
those that have been attempted and failed. The final area of
focus the study will touch is to devise the solutions that women
employees can adopt to improve the success to which they can
respond to urgent work duties with families requiring their
attention. Women working in first responder roles, are the heads
of their household or have a different familial challenge will be
the focus of this study.
Significance of the Study
In an attempt to be equally represented in the labor market
as their counterparts, today women are venturing in fields that
have still not been made favorable for them to work in (Knörr,
H., 2011, p. 101). Existing work policies fall short in
recognizing that women will experience challenges while
employed as emergency response personnel and if familial
concerns exist as well. The emergency response roles come with
challenges that affect both male and female employees.
Unfortunately, the weight of female problems outweighs those
of the males (Messing and Östlin, 2006).
These differences and difficulties create a work
environment that automatically decreases the quality of output
of the women employees. Women want to work in these roles
responding to emergencies or disasters but the uncertainty of
work schedules or the negative attitude from employers deters
them into a different career (Beaty and Davis, 2012, p. 624).
Policy makers and administrators, however, are not aware of
this issue as they prefer to address the work-life balance of
employees in general as opposed to focusing on those that
address the type and nature of a female emergency responding
personnel.
This study will support professional practice, contributing to a
field of research where little is known, focusing on familial
challenges of women in emergency response jobs. The aim of

addressing challenges unique to this profession that over the
years has seen female employees leave the career fields that
they wanted to be in. The findings of this study will hopefully
highlight areas administrators and policymakers should focus on
in increasing performance of the female employees in this
profession. The goal of the study results is to show an area
where further contributions can be made for change to see
women employed in emergency response roles to not choose
between their obligated duties to the public and their families.
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Template updated March 2017.
PART I. Westboro Baptist Church(75 Words)
The Westboro Baptist Church gained national attention by
protesting the funerals of military members. One family sued
the church members, and the case reached the Supreme Court,
who ultimately held Westboro Baptist Church members had the
First Amendment Right to conduct such protests.
Review the following video and skim through the opinion
article. Based on your knowledge of the course material, do you
agree or disagree with this holding? Make sure to support your
answer with legal rationale.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q2oYIbylj8
Opinion: http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/09-
751.pdf
PART II. Freedom of Speech on the Internet, Legal? (4 Pages)
In a four page paper, please discuss one of the following topic
in relation to the concepts covered in this course:
FREEDOM OF SPEECH ON THE INTERNET, LEGAL?
Make sure your paper follows APA formatting and citing
guidelines, and make sure you use a LEGAL analysis method.
PART III. Personal Ethical Code of Conduct (150 Words)
Imagine you have been tasked with writing a personal code of

conduct for yourself that is based on the ethical concepts we
have addressed in this class. What would be the three most
important ethical codes you would include? Explain the
reasoning behind your answer.
PART IV. Types of Misconduct (2 Pages)
In a 2-page, APA style paper, describe the types of misconduct
by community corrections professionals and provide some of the
explanations for this misconduct.
Examples include:
· Accepting gratuities for special consideration during
legitimate activities and for the protection of illicit activities.
· Mistreatment/harassment or extortion of inmates.
· Misc. abuses
· Arbitrary use of power
· Abusing authority for personal gain (possible reasons for
misconduct: hiring people that shouldn't work in corrections,
officers being stressed and burned out, failure of leadership and
lack of discipline, lack of training and lack of organizational
support.)
Please include 2-3 references
1
11
Prospectus

How Work-life Conflict Causes Challenges for Women
Serving in Emergency Response Roles
Linda J. Gonzalez
Doctor of Philosophy Criminal Justice – Emergency
Management
A00611348
Prospectus: How Work-life Conflict Causes Challenges for
Women
Problem Statement
The family make-up and dynamic has changed
significantly over the past two decades, and more women are
serving as the primary earner in the household. Medved (2016,
p. 236) notes 40% of U.S women, a 30% increase from 1960,
are primary breadwinners in families with children (as cited in
Wang, Parker & Taylor, 2013). Additionally, more women are
in occupations previously dominated by males such as
Emergency Medical Services (EMS), firefighting, and the police
force. Defined as occupations with less than 25% women, men
dominated careers include Emergency Medical Services (EMS),
firefighting, and the police force (Du Plessus, O’Sullivan &
Rentschler, 2014). While this shift brings along certain obvious
challenges such as discrimination and sexual harassment,
Dresden (2018) thought the problems facing women are more
pronounced when it comes to work-life conflict (as cited in

Helfgott, Gunnison, Murtagh, & Navejar, 2018, p. 240).
Women in roles that require their presence during emergencies
or disasters are finding that their support needs are different
than their male counterparts, adding to, having to battle
attitudes of those that are less understanding of the new family
dynamic. Agocs, Langan, and Sanders (2015) argue that police
mothers, based on the little research that does exist, navigate
“challenges because of social expectations that inevitably come
into play once their “mother” identity is known” (Agocs,
Langan & Sanders, 2015, p. 266). This shows a general
expectation on women to choose between work and family.
Several works of literature have investigated the
challenges of work-life balance amongst female employees in
different employment sectors, but very few have addressed the
roles of women that respond to emergencies and their
challenges. Henly and Lambert (2014) state that over the years
some of these challenges have seen the output of female
employees in the emergency response roles deteriorate and
many more women shy from this profession with few termed as
incompetent or unreliable. The need to address the problems
facing women in emergency response roles is necessary to see
more women embrace these careers. When the work ground is
made neutral for both genders, Sheikh, Ashiq, Mehar, Hasan
and Khalid (2018) argue that competing grounds are fair and
quality of output maintained across genders. The study further
shows that support from employers could benefit from a little
more compassion of the new family dynamic.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding
of the familial challenges facing women employed as emergency
response personnel. To address this gap, this study will use a
qualitative approach, focusing on in-depth interviews with
female emergency responders. The finding of this study would
be invaluable for policy development and administrative
protocol that required emergency services planning.
Significance

In an attempt to be equally represented in the labor market as
their counterparts, today women are venturing in fields that
have still not been made favorable for them to work in (Knörr,
H., 2011, p. 101). Existing work policies fall short in
recognizing that women will experience challenges while
employed as emergency response personnel and if familial
concerns exist as well. The emergency response roles come with
challenges that affect both male and female employees.
Unfortunately, the weight of female problems outweighs those
of the males (Messing and Östlin, 2006). These differences and
difficulties create a work environment that automatically
decreases the quality of output of the women employees.
Women want to work in these roles responding to emergencies
or disasters but the uncertainty of work schedules or the
negative attitude from employers deters them into a different
career (Beaty and Davis, 2012, p. 624). Policy makers and
administrators, however, are not aware of this issue as they
prefer to address the work-life balance of employees in general
as opposed to focusing on those that address the type and nature
of a female emergency responding personnel.
This study will support professional practice, contributing
to a field of research where little is known, focusing on familial
challenges of women in emergency response jobs. The aim of
addressing challenges unique to this profession that over the
years has seen female employees leave the career fields that
they wanted to be in. The findings of this study will hopefully
highlight areas administrators and policymakers should focus on
in increasing performance of the female employees in this
profession. The goal of the study results is to show an area
where further contributions can be made for change to see
women employed in emergency response roles to not choose
between their obligated duties to the public and their families.
Background
1. Sheikh et al. (2018) studied incompatibility between
the demands of a family to a working person and the needs of
work creating pressure.

2. Henly and Lambert (2014) saw the population of
women in the labor market in the USA has increased by 25%
since 2008 and recognized that women were serving in multiple
roles in their family and in their career and experiencing time-
based strife which included excessive family responsibilities,
inflexible work schedule and more extended working hours or
strain-based strife including the absence of spouse support, role
ambiguity and role conflict and behavior based conflict namely,
exceptions for a human, emotional and warm relationship.
3. Agocs et al. (2015) annotated police women have a
harder time with the job and is not made easier once their
motherhood status is revealed. The article also acknowledged
that research is conducted on different types of work schedules
that are special but do not place police work in that category.
Interviews with other policewomen and their experiences were
offered in the article.
4. Beaty and Davis (2012) researched the various reasons
why women chose not to work as city managers or other
government officials. They also compared the difference and
similarities of their male counterparts working the same roles.
5. Messing and Östlin (2006) equate gender inequality and
health concerns. In order for women to balance the workforce
and their home life, they do so at their health due to the
immense balancing act that needs to happen.
Framework
The most logical trajectory for this study would be
phenomenological research, offering an explanation to concerns
affecting women that work in emergency response roles while
acting as head of their household. The aim for participants is
women who share difficulties and experiences within their
family role and their employment (Patton, 2015, p. 118). As the
information gathered evolves, the issues will change and the
true factors that are leading to work-life conflict will become
obvious (Gubrium, Holstein, Marvasti, and McKinney, 2012, p.
86). Patton (2015) presumed this method will best find that
shared experience and how they each process that shared

experience. Because the responses to the interview questions are
expected to be similar, that shared problem should also result in
a post research experience that can be shared with others (p.
115). The shared experience, or essence of the shared
experience, must exist in a phenomenological approach in order
for it to be understood within the group (Patton, 2015, p. 116).
If the experience is not similar, then how participants perceive
the interview questions differ.
Beaty and Davis (2012) studied the reasons why women
were venturing away from city manager positions. One of those
reasons was noted to be lack of set scheduling and childcare.
With the absence of overnight or odd hour childcare, needing to
be on location for an emergency during off hours is virtually
impossible. Whereas Wang, Parker, and Taylor (2013) note that
more women are becoming the breadwinners in the family. They
studied a growing trend that more women were becoming the
main or sole financial provider of the home and the public is
conflicted (Wang et al., 2013).
The general framework will identify the underlying factors
for some challenges and their consequences. The framework
will strengthen the need for and ways of reducing or altogether
eliminating the challenge of being a woman, head of her
household that works in a job, requiring her to be on scene as a
responder of natural disasters. All these will be guided by the
end goal of increasing the quality of output for female
employees as well as their morale. As an additional benefit, the
findings and recommendations of the study hope to improve the
population of women in this profession as the working
environment will be made conducive for them. The research
framework will be based on the causes of work-life conflict
challenges for women serving in emergency response roles,
their effects and measure, and policies to put in place that will
motivate women in this profession and increase the quality of
their output.
Research Questions
1. What are the perceived underlying causes of work-life

conflict for women serving in emergency response roles?
2. How can these underlying causes of work-life conflict for
women serving in emergency response roles be eliminated or
minimized?
Nature of the Study
This research will be a qualitative study as it aims in
gaining a better understanding the familial challenges for
women serving in emergency response roles. Hopefully, the
study is used to make informed recommendations that will show
women in this profession a balance between family and work
life is possible. The appropriate methodology for this study will
be the use of structured, but relaxed interviews (Gubrium et at.,
2012, p. 197). The rationale for discussions is to draw in-depth
analysis and information on the opinions, feelings, and
perceptions women responders with regards to the challenges in
the work environment and their family balance. In a previous
study investigating willingness of first responders to work
during disasters, focus groups and interviews were used (Smith,
2015, p. 3). The reason given for the use of their methodology
was to promote relaxation and build a relationship. The
information gathered will be collected from a group of women
whom share the same challenges. Because of the shared
experiences the interviewed women have experienced, this study
is phenomenological. The focus will be on how the experience
is described. The challenge will be to eliminate personal
involvement (Patton, 2015, p. 575). The need to remove own
prejudices and viewpoints is crucial for an objective study.
Possible Types and Sources of Data
1. Interviews will be used to collect primary data, which
will be first-hand data from women serving as emergency
response personnel. A criterion for participation is that a
subject must have familial challenges. Possible pools of
participants can be found at International Association of
Emergency Managers, along with various police, EMS and fire
associations, local military installations, and other disaster
responding organizations.

2. Gather data from employers that have supported their
women employees when they experience familial challenges.
This data can also be drawn from the same listed organizations.
Determine the reasoning behind and the steps needed to be
taken in order to support a female employee that is considered
an essential responder to emergencies and experience familial
difficulties. Data will be gathered from same style of interviews
as primary data.
3. The final source of data is existing works of literature
on the same. The study will rely on tested theories that support
the findings of primary data. In cases where results from the
two sources will contradict each other, the data from the
primary source will hopefully be accepted since this is an area
that very little is known and real-time testimony is preferred.
References
Adams, T., & Stewart, L. (2015). Chaos theory and
organizational crisis: A theoretical analysis
of the challenges faced by the New Orleans Police Department
during Hurricane Katrina.
Public Organization Review,15(3), 415-431. https://doi-
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1007/s11115-014-0284-9.
Agocs, T., Langan, D., & Sanders, C. B. (2015). Police mothers
at home: Police work and
danger-protection parenting practices. Gender &
Society, 29(2), 265-289.
Beaty, L., & Davis, T. J. (2012). Gender disparity in
professional city management: Making the
Case for enhancing leadership curriculum. Journal of
Public Affairs Education, 18(4),
624.
Benjamin, S. (2005). New Orleans Police Chief Quits. CBS
News.
Dresden, B. E., Dresden, A. Y., Ridge, R. D., & Yamawaki, N.
(2018). No Girls Allowed: Women in Male-Dominated Majors
Experience Increased Gender Harassment and

Bias. Psychological reports, 121(3), 459-474.
Du Plessis, J., O'Sullivan, J., & Rentschler, R. (2014). Multiple
layers of gender diversity on corporate boards: To force or not
to force. Deakin L. Rev., 19, 1.Executive Office of the United
States. (2006). The Federal response to Hurricane Katrina:
Lessons learned. Washington, D.C. White House.
Henly, J. R., & Lambert, S. J. (2014). Unpredictable work
timing in retail jobs: Implications for
employee work-life conflict. ILR Review, 67(3), 986-1016.
Helfgott, J. B., Gunnison, E., Murtagh, A., & Navejar, B.
(2018). BADASSES: The Rise of
women in criminal justice. Women & Criminal Justice, 28(4),
235-261. Doi:10.1080/08974454.2018.1468296. Retrieved from
https://www-tandfonline-
com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1080/08974454.2018.14
68296?needAccess=true.
Gubrium, J. F., Holstein, J. A., Marvasti, A. B., & McKinney,
K. D. (2012). The SAGE
handbook of interview research: The complexity of the craft.
Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Kellmereit, B. (2015). Focus groups. International Journal of
Sales, Retailing & Marketing,
4(9), 42-52.
Knörr, H. (2011). From top management to entrepreneurship:
women's next move? International Journal of Manpower, 32(1),
99-116.
Medved, C. E. (2016). The new female breadwinner:
Discursively doing and un doing gender
relations. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 44(3),
236. Retrieved from
https://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohos
t.com/login.aspx?direct=t
rue&db=edb&AN=116621504&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Messing, K., and Östlin, P. (2006). Gender equality, work and
health: A review of the evidence.
World Health Organization. Stockholm, Sweden.

Patton. M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation
methods (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE Publications.
Sheikh, M. A., Ashiq, A., Mehar, M. R., Hasan, A., & Khalid,
M. (2018). Impact of work and
home demands on work-life balance: Mediating role of
work-family
conflicts. Pyrex Journal of Business and Finance
Management Research, 4(5), 48-57.
Smith, E. (2015). Willingness to work during a terrorist attack:
A case-study of first responders
during the 9/11 World Trade Centre terrorist
attacks. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 6(1).
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.33151/ajp.6.1.441.
Wang, W., Parker, K., and Taylor, P. (2013). Breadwinner
Moms: Mothers Are the Sole or
Primary Provider in Four-in-Ten Households with
Children-Public Conflicted about the
Growing Trend. Pew Research Centre, Washington DC.
3
How Work-life Conflict Causes Challenges for Women
Name: Linda J. Gonzalez
Doctor of Philosophy Criminal Justice – Emergency
Management
A00611348

Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction1
1.1 Background of The Study1
1.2 Problem Statement1
1.3 Background Literature Review;2
The Key Concepts of women response to urgent job calls with
family needs baggage2
1.4 Objectives of The Study4
1.5 Research Questions5
1.6 Scope of The Study5
1.7 Justification of The Study6
1.8 Limitations of The Study6
Chapter Two: Literature Review8
2.1 Introduction8
2.2 The State of Women and Employment8
2.3 Theoretical Framework12
2.4 Conceptual Framework15
2.5 Literature Gap16
Chapter Three: Research Methodology17
3.1 introduction17
3.2 research design17
3.3 The Research Study Population and Sampling Models17
3.4 Data Analysis and Reporting18
ii
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study
Introduction
There exists a challenge in the way many women in careers
responding to emergencies, such as firefighters, police officers,
medical response and now in the growing emergency
management field, can manage to accurately and efficiently
respond to disasters and not worry about their families while
they are actively deployed. The challenge that women in these
critical life-saving careers are often faced with is to respond to
disasters or to evacuate or shelter in place with their families.

The choice is a difficult one and can often be decided if there is
a different solution such as another member in the household
that could tend to the family, resulting in the responding woman
being able to focus on response and recovery. Women in these
first responder roles that deal with emergency response, are the
primary personnel that have reported an insistent challenge in
quick response to job calls as there is almost always no one else
to take care of their families while they are gone. The need to
respond during disasters is often quick, unscheduled, and
unplanned for. The need to find care for family members at
home will often be hard to find if the planned solution is
themselves attempting to deal with the event. Often times, there
is an organization policy that determines who in the company is
required to respond to those emergencies. It is those policies
that women often cannot take a role in these positions because
they are contradictory to what is required of them at home. New
challenges are brought in by industry’s changes and the varying
degrees of emergent situations requirements. However, there
has not been quality research studies that provide sufficient
knowledge to address the challenges that women emergency
responders may adopt to improve the level of their urgent job
calls when thy have families to care. This research aims to
bridge the knowledge gap and provide information for effective
decision making for women who may be required to respond to
emergent work conditions even when they have no one else to
take care of their families.
Homeland Security Presidential Directive / HSPD-8 defines the
term “first responder” as “individuals who in the early stages of
an incident are responsible for the protection and preservation
of life, property, evidence, and the environment, including
emergency response providers as defined in section 2 of the
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101), as well as
emergency management, public health, clinical care, public
works, and other skilled support personnel (such as equipment
operators) that provide immediate support services during
prevention, response, and recovery operations” (Department of

Homeland Security, 2003). (Find updated reference from
DHS)1.2 Problem Statement
One of the key challenges that women are realizing is they
are becoming the primary breadwinners in their households or
that they familial dynamic is different than others in their same
fields. This is especially the case in women who serve in first
responder roles. This is because as people, especially women
need time to take care of their families, there is also the call to
have them commit their time to carry out their duties at work
(Wang et al., 2013). This prompted the corporates to define the
time when people should be working, specifying the time to
report to work and the time to leave work. For vital roles that
require continuous involvements, there have been developed
shifts that allow all the workers to have time and sessions to
execute their roles. However, there are still personal challenges
realized when it comes to the need for women to execute a vital
role that requires the use of emergency calls and reports to work
(Wang et al., 2013). Emergency response roles pose great
challenges to women in terms of the need for activation during
disasters when they have sole roles to take care of their
families. Women, (insert statement from research article). As a
result, their requirements may commit them beyond the time
needed for work, and especially where emergency responses are
needed (Smith, 2015). This research paper explores the position
of women in the development of key values leading to the need
to realize social roles of family care vis-a-vis the need achieves
ambient execution of duties in the emergency service
provisions. By the end of this research study analysis, it would
be useful to analyze different options that women with sole
roles to take care of their families may take whenever
emergency job calls arise for their attention. The goal of this
research is to encourage women who have special familial
challenges to continue seeking employment in first responder
roles. The industry and research is lagging behind on solutions
for these critical women to do both of working in their desired
careers and have confidence in their home life during

unscheduled disasters.1.3 Background Literature Review; The
Key Concepts of women response to urgent job calls with
family needs baggage
According to the research study by Agocs, Langan, and
Sanders, (2015), special mothers (single, or with special family
needs) who also double up with roles in the police force
normally find it very difficult to be able to adequately address
the needs of the family vis-a-vis the work requirements (Edin &
Lein, 2017). The elements that the research report outlined
included the long working hours and schedule changes.
Moreover, such mothers may have young children who still need
close nursing attention and care and so when they leave to
respond to emergency calls to dutiful activities, they have no
one else to take care of their families back at home (Agocs,
Langan, and Sanders, 2015). Therefore, police mothers may find
it very difficult to respond to dutiful calls to work when they
have no one else to take care of their families they leave behind,
especially when the call to duty is urgent. (Ciabatta, 2017).
The challenges that women go through in the need to
respond to emergent work calls when they have family
responsibilities is a major factor that may impact on their
employment prospects. According to Beatty and Davis, (2012),
the key challenges that have been realized towards the need to
respond to emergency work situations when they have no one
else to take care of their families behind their back have
prompted some employers to consider not employing women.
This is, however, not only in the areas of particular industries
like city management, but they are more pronounced in areas
that may require rapid responses from the employees like the
disaster management departments as well as the medical or
military management areas. Many women who have no one else
to help them take care of their families may not respond to
urgent calls to work because of the family ties (Du Plessis,
O'Sullivan, & Rentschler, 2014).
Women have also become the new breadwinners in society
(Bart Feld, 2013). This is a case where the women have also

become the major players in the industry where they actively
participate in the mainstream employment opportunities to
achieve the vital family daily provisions (Medvedev, 2016).
Gender roles in the society and in the face of the family,
however, have not changed much and the mother is still the one
in charge of the family needs and affairs. The mother still needs
to nurse the children and ensure that the family is socially knit
and bound closely for the enriched environment of quality
growth and affection. This has forced many mothers, some
acting a single parent to look out for employment opportunities,
sometimes in urgent job call areas like military and hospitals.
The impacts that work have on such mothers who are active
participants in the mainstream employment requirements have
also been noted significantly. For instance, Sheikh et al., (2018)
noted that mothers who seek solutions to achieve the work and
family conflict resolution have not yet got any lasting solution
to the problems they face. This is even more pronounced for
women who have reached the top of their career and are
therefore managers in their organizations (Knorr, 2011). The
same research study outcome was also confirmed by the
developments realized through the Wang, Parker, and Taylor,
(2013) research report. It was indicating that there is at least
four in ten households that have the mother as breadwinner and
the trend is fact increasing (Dais, Ghadames, & Salute, 2016).
This is a major worry to stakeholders who also know the
mothers as key players who have significant social and work
ties (Wang, Parker, & Taylor, 2013). 1.4 Objectives of The
Study
The main objective of the study is to determine how work and
family care needs conflict causes challenges for women.
Specific objectives
· To determine the challenges that women employees have
realized in the need to respond to urgent work calls when they
have no one else to look after their families
· To analyze the approaches that women use to address the
challenge they realize in allocating time to respond to urgent

job calls even if they have no one else to look after their
families.
· To explore ways that women can adopt to improve their
respond levels to urgent work call s when they have no one else
to look after their families behind their back1.5 Research
Questions
· What are the challenges that women employees have realized
in the need to respond to urgent work calls when they have no
one else to look after their families?
· Which approaches can women take to address the challenge
they realize in allocating time to respond to urgent job calls
even if they have no one else to look after their families?
· How can women adopt ways to improve their respond levels to
urgent work call s when they have no one else to look after their
families behind their back?1.6 Scope of The Study
The study aims to address the challenges that women face when
they attempt to improve their families and work duties in terms
of time requirements. The research, therefore, explores the areas
in which women employees have found key challenges when
they attempt to allocate their time to their families, and at the
same time, attempt to allocate their time to the work
requirements especially when they should respond to urgent
work when they have no one else to take care of their families.
Normally, the limited time allocated for the family can be
interrupted by work. Attempts that the women have tried to
excel both in the families and at the places of work have met
significant resistances based on logistical requirements
especially if there are no other people to help the mothers to
take care of families.
The analysis, therefore, will explore the different approaches
that have worked for some women, and those that have been
attempted and failed. The aim is to provide a useful explanation
that other women can adopt to improve their work and family
time allocations when they have no one else to help them care
for the families and they have urgent work duties. The final area
of focus the study will touch is to devise the solutions that

women employees can adopt to improve the success to which
they can respond to urgent work duties with families requiring
their attention. The last objective, therefore, is to analyze all
the available options that have been attempted and present the
most viable solution that women employees may consider
whenever they encounter the challenges related to
understanding how to adequately respond to urgent work needs
considering their families. 1.7 Justification of The Study
Women employees are many across different sectors, and
their numbers keep increasing. Moreover, it is worth noting that
the women employees who have gained successes in their
careers have also managed to explore and achieve greater
success to the point of considerations for management roles.
The challenges that women face with every increase in the work
complexities shave been much. However, the rate at which
research projects have been undertaken to realign the women
worktime with family remains scanty. Almost every year, with
the new introduction of policies regulating work and with
changes in the work structures, there is always a reason for
increased research and knowledge that can advise the women
employees in the best direction to take to improve their job
response time with family considerations. This is the reason
why a study like the current one is vital in helping in boosting
the available knowledge on how women employees can manage
to make quick responses to duty calls with no one else to help
them take care of their families. 1.8 Limitations of The Study
The study will be limited by the number of cases that can
be analyzed. Notably, there are so many cases of women who
have been challenged in finding the best solution for quick
response to urgent job calls when they have families to take
care of with no one lese to help them. On the other hand, many
women have also made successful fast response time even
though they have close family ties. The populations of study
are, therefore, very high and the sampling model used should be
able to give the best and most fair recommendations based on
the study outcome. Reaching such a study sample may be a

bigger challenge in the research. Moreover, the research may be
limited with time available and allocated. Such a study would
be best carried out through primary data analysis. However, due
to limited time, it might be difficult to carry out a highly
detailed study. The study, following that it will touch on the
individual person may have data sensitivity issues that may also
limit the level of success in data availability and analysis.
However, with proper planning, it is always possible to provide
the best possible solutions to the data collection problems.
Chapter Two: Literature Review2.1 Introduction
The second chapter of the project was useful in the
development of the organizational literature review models. The
chapter is useful in exploring the existing literature that is
useful in explaining how the social case mothers can be
impacted and challenged by the development of the emergency
work requirements. The chapter begins from the literature
review analysis that attempts to look at what people have done
in the industry concerning the plight of the mothers with special
cases and the job requirements they need to endure. The chapter
then progresses to look into the theoretical framework. In these
cases, key theories that can help in understanding the
development of the organizational and social value towards
women assertiveness are also addressed. The chapter also
explains the other elements of theoretical developments in the
explanations of women’s positions in developing economic
duties despite their challenging social roles. Moreover, the
chapter also presents the conceptual framework as well as the
literacy gaps that exist in the topical area and that needs to be
addressed. 2.2 The State of Women and Employment
Women’s involvement in mainstream roles and
employment opportunities has been hailed as one of the ways in
which the family finances can be improved (Sheikh et al.,
2018). Ove the years, it has been a useful element to note that
women involved in the family income stream have been
considered a useful way to support the husband and improve the

chances of family success. However, the more the women get
involved in the economic generating activities, the higher the
complexities that arise in their quest to make urgent job calls
despite their family needs and the economic or work-related
needs. Women play vital roles in the family especially in doing
the house chores (Medvedev, 2016). The kinds of activities that
require their attention in the homes are equally tasking. Added
to their ultimate role of nursing both the unborn and the older
children, the position of women in the society faces a great
challenge based on their attempt to make quick job appearances
despite their family needs when they have no one else to help
them look after the families.
At the place of work, women have been daring and taking
on the roles that they have not been seeing before. The boldness
of the women has resulted from the self-belief and
determination that arises from the school where they learn the
very courses that people had initially reserved for the men
(Agocs, Langan, & Sanders, 2015). Even on taking what was
initially referred to as technical courses, they have performed
exemplarily well in the examinations and the evaluation
processes. Given a chance, women have also performed well in
the job markets, sometimes even outshining the men who have
been working gender bias in the industries. Therefore, there
should not be discrimination at the place of work based on the
abilities of the different gender, and at the same time,
orchestrated from the elements of gender bias.
The research report by Adams and Stewart, (2015)
indicated that the New Orleans Police Department faced
significant challenges in deploying women rescue team who had
several family ties and need to nurse the children. Notably,
rapid response teams do work based on the needs that arise
whenever a calamity strikes. In some cases, people need to be
called upon to work even if they were not scheduled to work.
This is a difficult case with women responders who may have
strong family ties that may hinder their efficiency in handling
the related emergency work requirements. Some kind of

challenges had already been identified as well in earlier disaster
response requirements like during Hurricane Katrina (Executive
Office of the United States, 2006)
Though the women have in some cases experienced
significant challenges in making rapid responses to the work
requirements, they have done fairly well in cases where
emergency work is not a key attribute of work. For instance,
women have also served as judges and magistrates with sterling
performances. They have managed to increase the presence the
profile of women capabilities even in the significant roles like
litigation (Helfgott et al., 2018). This indicates that women are
not really bad performers at work. Whenever they fail to
perform according to the expectations, it is always because
there is something that holds them back. Family and social
requirements that hold back women are vital in their career
development. Notably, the career development path for women
is much slower than that of men (Agocs, Langan, & Sanders,
2015). This is true because they have to spend more efforts and
energy on time managing their families alongside the need to
have their focus on carer developments.
The fact that the study focuses upon the challenges that the
women face in their roles aimed at creating ways to have faster
response to urgent job calls when they also consider family does
not mean men have no such challenges. Like the women, the
men also face the problem on the need to create quality times of
their families as well as achieving the work-related goals.
However, looking at the challenges of women are also
considered based on their modal roles in the homes (Dresden et
al., 2018). Within the families, there are some gender roles that
are given to women through nature, and they cannot change or
be transferred. Elements like carrying an unborn child and
taking significant time breastfeeding as well as nursing are core
challenges that cannot be delegated. As responsible family
members, the women need to be mothers and to take care of
their families (Agocs, Langan, & Sanders, 2015). However,
such decisions are significantly changing because women may

not manage to find adequate time for their family ambitions
when the job requirements need consideration.
According to Dresden et al., (2018), women have also
faced significant kinds of gender-based biased in male-
dominated jobs and careers. Women are discriminated based on
the denied opportunities for further training and promotion at
the place of work. Further, some women are also discriminated
in the salaries and remunerations where they are paid less
compared to what men counterparts have been paid. The reasons
for the development of the different types and cases of gender-
based discrimination at the place of work are dynamic and
varied. In some cases, critical training opportunities have not
been given to women with the fear that sooner, they may require
to get maternal leave, thus challenging the need of the
organizations to sponsor an employee for the vital training
(Dresden et al., 2018). The unfortunate situations are true and
further leads to challenges of women’s progressive career at the
place of work. When men have been given the opportunity to
attend the additional training needed and opportunities, they
become better informed and ready to work than women.
Therefore, they can easily get promoted and considered for key
areas of growth requirements.
The challenge of unpredictable schedules has also followed
women in other industries as well as those that traditionally
require rapid responses. For instance, Henly and Lambert,
(2014) indicated that even in the retail sector, women
employees are not able to respond to the emergencies that may
result from the nature of work. Unpredictable work timing has
been noted as one of the biggest challenges that women have
realized in the labor market for women (Kellmereit, 2015).
Women who are single mothers or those with special
challenges, therefore, find it increasingly difficult to find a
lasting point for the development of the right approach for the
realization of quality urgent job response time with family
requirements when they have no one else to care for their
children. Notably, the same fate affects those women who have

to leave behind their families to take up the emergency roles
despite the increasing need to have them develop a sociable
environment for their ailing parents, siblings or even children.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
There are different kinds of theories that can be useful in
providing quality explanations and explorations into the kind of
work that women with special challenges. The theoretical
models are useful in defining the key requirements of the
general factors that can inform the kind of roles assigned to any
given gender in society. Women who have social duties and
requirements like those who take care of their siblings, parents,
and children have magnified challenges and problems that need
to be fully analyzed and discussed. Some of the key theories
that can be used to explain the position of the women towards
the development of the right models and structures therefor
include the social roles theory, the feminist theory, and the
conflict theory. Each of these theories is useful in explaining a
key given element that would be useful in addressing the women
need is society. Each of the theories has a profound impact in
the society, thus developing strong conditional situations and
challenges aimed at realizing the right approaches that can be
undertaken to improve the quality of experiences that women
may have in the market and in the society.
2.3.1 Social Roles Theory
Social roles theory attempts to draw the difference
between men and women and what the difference means to
either gender (Young, 2017). The special roles theory posits
that the main difference between men and women is basically
the kind of behaviour that everyone chooses based on what
society puts upon their gender. The social role theory, therefore,
believes that being a man or a woman is based on the social
approvals within the community. The approvals, however, are
based on one behaving is a certain way that the community
expects in line with the sex the personal fins themselves at
birth.

According to the theory, therefore, there is some kind of
behaviour that is reserved for men and other kinds of
behaviours that are reserved for women. Anyone who moves
across and identifies with a behaviour that is not specific to
their gender is considered a person who has done what is not
necessary (Young, 2017). When the element of special case
women with the need to take care of their children, siblings and
old parents single handled arises, the social role theory notes
that it is ok they undergo such roles. However, when the need to
look for money to the family, particularly doing those roles that
are emergency in nature, the theory of the social role notes that
such person is special case individuals in society. There should,
therefore, be set up ways that can help in reducing the adverse
effects of the conditions such women undergo to take care of
special family’s single handle and still achieve their work
requirement goals through taking emergency work roles.
2.3.2 Feminism Theory
According to the feminist theory, there is a need for the
society to examine itself through reflecting on the roles and
responsibilities that have been placed upon every gender and
thus identifying the inequalities in roles assignment (Price &
Shildrick, 2017). The feminist theory, therefore, focuses on the
examinations of the society based on the roles it has placed on
women, despite the glaring bias contained in such roles. The
theory further explains that women have been assigned roles
that are far more than what the men can undertake. Apart from
taking care of the families, the women are also expected to
helping the search for basic needs for the families. Such
unfairness only leads to complexities in the roles assigned to
women when the situations cannot lead to the efficiencies in
executing the roles.
The feminist theory, therefore, advocates for the attempted
development of equality between gender. This equality is
particularly important in the case of the gender roles assignment
and values (Price & Shildrick, 2017). It is also important,

therefore, to note that the best approach that can be taken is to
ensure there is quality in the development of the role’s
assignment. People who have the socially assigned roles of
taking care of the special group's interests in the society like the
women taking care of their families and yet still expected to
undertaken emergency response roles should be given deeper
consideration and possible help (Price & Shildrick, 2017). It
means that the role they have been assigned are diverse and they
are not possible undertaken on an individual level.
2.3.3 Conflict Theory
According to Karl max who suggested the theory, he noted
that the society is in a state of continuous conflict between
individuals and groups who are interested in owning the
resources that are in limited supply (Goldman, Cooper, &
Kugler, 2017). The challenges that people experience therefore
are varied and may at times lead to situations where there is a
misunderstanding based on who should be in charge of any
given resource any given time. Therefore, according to the
social conflict theory, it is useful to understand that even the
people in charge of the conflict, the special women with social
families to take care of, alongside the special emergency
assignments also need to be in positions to understand the
values of the theory. The women with special case families, like
siblings, children and old parents who need their full attention
must, therefore, find solutions that would be ideal for the
development of accurate scope and structures (Goldman,
Cooper, & Kugler, 2017). The theory can also be used to
explain and address the needs of society based on the core
requirements in the areas of resources availability and usage.
The use of the theories is therefore important in explaining
the roles, the executions and the positions of the special
women’s in the society. The social women are those charged
with the responsibilities to take care of their family members
who are not in positions to take care of themselves and at the
same time seek to secure than basic needs through the

undertaking of special roles in the society (Goldman, Cooper, &
Kugler, 2017). The women, therefore, may have younger
children of their own, or possibly siblings or they might have
old and ailing parents who need a lot of attention, but again the
jobs they do may also require urgent attention. Therefore, they
run into situations that require their attention from both ends.
They may want to remain home and provide the nursing care to
the family members, but the deployment they also get take them
away from the families in emergency roles assignment cases.
Such commissions may lead to conflicts that incapability that
might be seen on the women. 2.4 Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework shows the relationship between the
dependent and the independent variables the independent
variable include the need to determine the challenges that
special case women employees have realized in the need to
make urgent appearances to urgent job calls when they have
families with no one else to help them take care. Moreover, the
independent variables also include the need to analyze the
approaches that women use to address the challenge they realize
in allocating quality time between their family needs and their
job needs.
Women with special families, like single mothers or those
who take care of their sibling or old sickling parents equally
need to seek employment, and sometimes the only opportunities
available involve these assignments that require them to accept
emergency assignments. They may need to work in the role that
may require them to leave their families on urgent notice and
then stay away from such families for many weeks, months or
even years. The kind of arrangements that such mothers would
need are special in nature a suit helps to draw closer to the
understanding of the key variables and characteristics of the
socially assigned roles.2.5 Literature Gap

The study reveals that there have been many research
projects that have been developed to help in evening the role of
women in society. The studies have therefore focused upon the
gender roles assigned to the women in the society based on the
roles assigned to the men. In addition, there have been a lot of
studies that have been undertaken in a society based on gender
inequalities. The economic role that women have undertaken in
society has also been given a lot of attention and focus on the
published research study projects. However, there is one area
that the studies have not addressed, the case of women from
special families, with the need to take care of their children, old
and sickling parents or siblings that need daily attention and the
possibility of having assigned rile that are emergency nature.
The current study, therefore, will be important in ensuring that
the kind of study analysis would be useful in ensuring there is a
closer understanding of the women roles in the development of
the right study approaches.
Chapter Three: Research Methodology3.1 introduction
The chatter is useful in addressing the need for the
development of the right approaches towards data collections
models, the data analysis and reporting structures. There is a
need to define the research design the sampling plan and the
kind of data to be collected from the research study. Moreover,
there is need to define the kind of reviews and statistical
analysis that would help in addressing the needed solutions to
the topical areas of the conflicts that special women realize in
taking emergency roles at work yet they have special fails that
need theory unending attention. This chapter presents the
development of focused explanations about these key areas in
the research project.3.2 research design
The research design will be based on the desktop review of
the existing literature materials based on the published
academic materials in the area of study. The modeled outcome
would, therefore, be useful in addressing the need to have the

right approach towards the development and the achievement of
the organizational values and structures. The research design
that will be adopted by this study will include the review of the
published data.
The empirical review of the existing literature is carried out to
help in explaining the core values a procedure necessary for the
development of success in the research work. Therefore, there is
need to have the right framework of data collection approach
that would be useful in identifying the key areas of need, and
thus designing research elements that would be useful in
addressing the key requirements in every area. 3.3 The Research
Study Population and Sampling Models
The study population is the total number of items that
should be included in the study. The items include the subjects
that should be involved in the study towards the determinations
on the right research study outcome. Moreover, there is always
the need to have the study developed to identify the core values
and structures in the are of study. Therefore, the study design
will include all the published books, journals, and other
literature that has attempted to explain why women may
experience differences in the social role’s assignment.
Since the published data is large, there is a need to make
use of samples to deliver on the premise of the research study
assignment. The sampling models that will be used in the case
of the study, therefore, will be based on the selection of the
right texts to be included in the research. The inclusions criteria
will involve the choice of the article that has a relevant topic to
the topical areas. The article must also be modern in natures and
they must have also been peer-reviewed or published books. It
is the selections of the right literature materials that will be able
to help in addressing the right kind of topics and availing
accurate information’s that can draw useful conclusions towards
adding of knowledge into the field.
Moreover, there would be an exclusion criterion to be
applied in the selection of the articles for the research. These
article with a key focus on the area of study, but they are old

enough may be excluded as such information they contain are
stale and no longer applicable in the study data. If the old data
must be including, they must have special roles like the
development of comparison role in the contexts of the study.
Other materials with irrelevant topics will also be excluded
from the research study as well as they add little to the
development of the right knowledge requirements. 3.4 Data
Analysis and Reporting
Once the right data have been collected, they will be
designed through analytical procedures. The reporting of the
data trends and the design of the visualization elements would
all be useful in the development of the organizational values
and structures. Moreover, it is important that the development
of the right organizational framework is important in the
realizations of the organizational values and structures. The
elements that are necessary for the development of the right
organizational support would be ideal in ensuring that only the
right data have bee included in the study. Data reporting will
thus follow based on the provided analytical tops and
procedures.
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Quality response for both special case familes and emergency
job roles
To determine the challenges that women employees have
realized in the need to respond to urgent work calls when they
have no one else to look after their families
To analyze the approaches that women use to address the
challenge they realize in allocating time to respond to urgent
job calls even if they have no one else to look after their
families.
To explore ways that women can adopt to improve their respond
levels to urgent work call s when they have no one else to look
after their families behind their back

Women Emergency Responders Family Care Challenges

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