4. CITES (TheConvention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora)
Presented by,
Dr Devraj K.C.
2nd Year PG Scholar
Guided By,
Dr Anuradha KN
Assistant Professor
Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara
College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan
5. Contents
• Definition of CITES
• History
• Aims
• Fundamental Principle
• Permits and Certificates
• Structure
• How CITES work
• CITES in India
• Collaboration and cooperation
• Conclusion
• References
6. CITES (The Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an
international agreement between governments,
concern to ensure that international trade in
specimens of wild animals and plants does not
threaten their survival.
Definition of CITES
7. • CITES- Washington Convention to protect
endangered plants and animals.
• Drafted in 1963 at a meeting of members of
the International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN).
• The convention was opened for signature in
1973.
• Entered into force on 1 July 1975.
History
8. Aims of CITES
To ensure that international trade in
specimens of wild animals and plants does not
threaten the survival of the species.
9. Some important terms
Species
Any geographically separate
population of plant or animals.
Specimen
Any individual animal or plant,
whether alive or dead
Trade
Sum of export, re-export, import
and introduction from the sea.
10. Introduction from the sea
Transportation into a State of specimens of any species which were
taken in the marine environment not under the jurisdiction of any
State
Export
Sale of a
specimen/specie
s to another
country
Re-export
Export of previously
imported
species/specimen
Import
A species or
specimen
brought in
from abroad
for sale
TRADE
12. 12
Conference of the Parties
Management
Authority
Secretariat
Permanent
Committees
Guidance
Other MEAs
UNEP-WCMC
WCO
ICPO-Interpol
ITTO, FAO
IUCN
Other IGOs
NGOs
Private sector
Officers in charge of
implementing CITES
Recommendations
CITES working Structure
Scientific
Authority
13. 13
How CITES works
Similar rules
and
regulations
Similar trade
requirements
Similar
authorities Similar
procedures
Similar
documents
COMMON
PROCEDURAL
MECHANISMS
15. Fundamental principal
1. Appendix I
Critically Endangered species threatened with extinction can
be affected by trade.
Commiphora wightii Lilium poliphyllum Gentiana kurroo
16. 2. Appendix II
Endangered species which are not threatened
with extinction now ,but may be declined
drastically unless the trade of species is
strictly regulated .
Aconitum heterophyllum Cinnamomum wightii
17. 3. Appendix III
• All species are avoided for over exploitation
• Vulnerable species.
Piper pedicellatum Garcinia indica
18. 18
• Parts and derivatives are always included for species in
Appendix I, and for animal species in Appendix II
Parts and derivatives
Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III
Animal parts
and derivatives
Always
included
Always
included
Included if
specified
Plant parts and
derivatives
Always
included
Included if
specified
Included if
specified
19. 19
CITES Permits and Certificates
CITES regulates
• The export,
• re-export,
• Import
• Introduction from the sea
These permits or certificates only be issued if
certain conditions are met.
20. Collaboration and cooperation
• Collaboration and cooperation at the national level are
essential for CITES implementation
– CITES Authorities
– Resource sectors
– Customs
– Police
– Judiciary
– Affected stakeholders, including the private sector
21. How Cites is financed?
• The CITES Trust Fund is replenished from
contributions from the Parties to the
Convention based on the United Nations scale
22. 22
Trade with non-Parties
Scientific and management authority should be given
permission of trade ,after evaluating the parallel document
and certificate of state.
23. CITES species
• Roughly 30,000 species of plants are
protected by CITES against over-exploitation
through international trade. They are listed in
the three CITES Appendices.
25. CITES species of India
• India is a hub of the wild-collected plant
medicine industry in Asia.
• IUCN updated the Red List in June 2015,
Vulnerable- 18
Endangered -16
Critically endangered-10(Total 44)
38. 38
Conclusion
• CITES regulates international trade in wild fauna and flora
listed in its Appendices on the basis of a system of permits
and certificates which are issued when certain conditions
are met, and which must be presented when leaving and
entering a country.
• For Appendix-II and –III species, international trade is
permitted but regulated, and for Appendix-I species,
international (commercial) trade in wild-taken specimens is
generally prohibited.
• The Conference of the Parties develop the ultimate
decision-making body which is CITES regulating the
international trade.
• Quantity of nitrogen and phosphorous on soil should be
maintained for preservation of plant species.
39. References
• www.cites.org
• Critically Endangered Indian Medicinal Plants
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/29
1274163
• IUCN red listed medicinal plant of India-2015
• Endangered species-IUCN
• Wildlife trade regulation-WIPO
