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Comparing the effect of paired versus repeated reading on
improving Saudi EFL students' reading fluency.
Introduction
Reading is an acquired skill. There is a significant difference
between reading and studying.
The art of reading involves coordination of brain functions and
eyes. However, fluency in reading is an improved skill that can
be acquired through practice. People with physical or mental
impairment might have difficulty in reading. All students in a
class have distinct reading abilities. In promoting their fluency
in reading, the two methods are applied; paired and repeated
reading. In paired reading, two or more students are grouped
and subjected to similar reading material assessing the reading
pattern for each. Every student here will exhibit a unique
reading style to compete with others. On the other hand, in
repeated reading, students with fluency reading difficulties are
subjected to repeat reading exercise in which assessment is done
on every stage acquainting the level of fluency.
Saudi Arabia is an Arabic speaking nation. Their countries first
language is Arabic. Their English learning experience is greatly
hampered by reading difficulty since it’s a foreign (second)
language. A study done in one of Saudi EFL teachers college
showed that the student had a significant interest in learning
how to improve their reading experience. It was discovered that,
at least 20% of those interested in English, had a significant
competitive experience in acquiring the standard rate of fluency
in reading. Some of the factors highlighted as leading
impediment to the improved fluency reading were; difficulty in
understanding the meaning of the text, spelling and
pronunciation problems, difficulty in scanning and skimming,
limited vocabulary, syntactic parsing difficulty among others.
The prime interest
in this study is to compare the significance of the two basic
methods of improving fluency among the EFL students and how
the counteracting effects on the methods.
Problem of the study:
EFL students have a comprehensive reading difficulty hindering
them from social interaction with other international fluent
English speaking communities. There is a significant effect in
improving their reading fluency comparing the use of paired and
repeated reading practice methods.
Significance of the study:
The significance significant of repeated or paired reading
methods in enhancing fluency English reading significantly
influence the social and academic life of the EFL students in
Saudi
Research Questions:
1. Is there any effect between EFL students learning fluency
reading with repeated and paired reading methods?
2. Do both methods have significant effects in improving the
reading experience?
3. What are the comparable factors leading to the effectiveness
of each method?
4. Can both methods be adopted to enhance a fluency reading
experience?
5.
Is there any significant effect in counteracting both methods in
the learning experience?
6. Which of the method is most effective for learning fluency
reading?
Methodology:
A systematic reading technique involves designed reading
criteria in which the population on the study will be subjected
to the two reading techniques periodically at an interval. The
study population will involve 25 EFL students. The students
will be placed in groups of 5s each group with a unique reading
material. Of the 5 groups, each group will experience a different
level of reading classified on the basis simple, basic, classical,
complex and vocabulary English.
The test score for the participant in every group will be
recorded on a scale of 1 to 10 base on the time period taken to
read the material. Every reading assessment will be timed
depending on each level. The same technique will be adjusted to
individual EFL student in the same levels of rotation at the
same intervals of rotation. The results recorded for each group
in their distinct levels will be comparatively analyzed against
the results score for individual participation. The significance
of interaction and comparative effect of the two methods will be
examined and discussed for the conclusion
Suggested References:
Alkhatnai, M. (2011). Learning Styles of Efl Saudi College-
Level Students in on-Line andTraditional Educational
Environments.
Al-Otaibi, G. N. (2004). Language learning strategy use among
Saudi EFL students and its relationship to language proficiency
level, gender and motivation.
Arishi, A. Y. (1984). A study of EFL teachers' behavior in EFL
classes in Saudi Arabia.
Chang, A. C.-S. (April 01, 2012). Improving Reading Rate
Activities for EFL Students: Timed Reading and Repeated Oral
Reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 24, 1, 56-83.
Gorsuch, G., & Taguchi, E. (June 01, 2008). Repeated Reading
for Developing Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension:
The Case of EFL Learners in Vietnam. System: an International
Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 36,
2, 253-278.
Kuhn, M. R., & Levy, L. (2015). Developing fluent readers:
Teaching fluency as a foundational skill.
Williams, C. (2013). A Comparative Learning Style overview:
A Learning Style Comparison of Beginner and Intermediate
Saudi EFL Preparatory Year Students. Saarbrücken: LAP
LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
�Rephrase this part or delete it
�You need to write two more paragraphs about the different
ways of developing reading fluency here
You need also to cite some references here
�main purpose
�include some more clarifications
�move this section after the research questions
��include some more clarifications
�we need 3 research questions…but these should be
rephrased..please see previous studies
�delete
�only two groups will be involved in your study
so talk about
Research Method
Research instruments
Participants of the Study
Write more detailed information in these three subsections
�Ok but where are these references in the text ?
E-Business
Overview:
Strategy is perquisite to success. This project emphasizes upon
the application of strategy in business. It answers the important
question: why it is important to individuals and organisations in
achieving their goals. In this case the strategy will be in
reference to businesses using e-business systems. We
understand the e-Business Strategy plan as a detailed plan that
is a unifying theme that gives coherence and direction to the
actions and decisions of an organization operating in e-Business
domain.
Strategy is both a science and art. To prepare an e-Business
Strategic plan, it is imperative to understand the environment in
which company operates. It needs to consider all
categories/types of environment both internal as well as
external as an basic input to creating right strategy and business
model.
There are now a variety of tools and knowledge available that
guides us how to create the e-Business plan. This course equips
the students in the different theories, models and framework
that help a student and practitioner of management to create the
strategy plan for any e-Business organization.
This project expects demonstration of such skills by the student
on applicability of different tools, techniques and models to
arrive at a systematic e-Business strategy plan.
Read the below instructions that you will guide you to do this
exercise.
1. Pick Your Company:
Pick a company to research. Make sure that it is large enough
to have enough data to make it easy to research. It is desired
that this company should have a reasonable use of Internet/e-
commerce technologies in its operations. Submit the name of
the company you choose to your professor for approval.
2. Research your selected company to determine the past,
present, and likely future of the industry and the company's
track record with that industry. Use the different models like
SWOT, PEST, Porters model to understand the market
environment.
3. Create the appropriate strategy framework keeping in view its
Value Network. Detail out the specific activities that would be
undertaken in context of its digital business framework.
4. Create the implementation plan. Identify the activities to be
undertaken. List the possible risks and possible measures to
address them.
5.Executive Summary:
Write the executive summary for your e-Business strategy
plan. An executive summary provides a synopsis of the entire
plan that highlights the most important points of the proposed
Strategy Plan. It gives others (i.e., employees, financers, etc.) a
concise picture of what you are going to do and how you are
going achieve it. The executive summary of this e-Business plan
will be the first section of the plan, but is the last section
written.
Note:
Format the project according to the Business Report Guidelines.
Include a reference page. (Note: According to APA, if you have
an entry on the reference page there must be at least one in-text
citation that corresponds to the entry in the body of the
document.)
Business Report Guidelines
Standard Format for Business Reports
Students are expected to adhere to the following when
completing a business report.
1. 12-point serif font (Times New Roman or Courier).
2. Double-spaced (unless the assignment specifically states
single-spaced).
3. 1-inch margins at the top, bottom, left, and right of every
page.
4. Cover page.
5. Page numbers are in the header in the top right corner. A
running head is not included.
6. Paragraphs are to be indented five to seven spaces.
7. Complete sentences, correct grammar, correct spelling, and
accurate punctuation are expected.
8. Absence of typographical errors.
9. Citations within the body of the text follow APA format.
Note: Even though you may not use citations in a report at
work, you are currently in an academic environment.
Demonstrate that you have analyzed and evaluated information
you have gained in
the course and then applied it appropriately in your report.
10. Reference list (if necessary) starts on a new page and
follows proper APA 6th edition format.
11. Images, graphs, charts, or other types of visuals are
considered to be figures in APA
format and must adhere to proper APA 6th edition formatting.
12. Writing style is to be concise, factual, and in the imperative
mood. Write to your audience (see details in the assignment).
Use strong words that will persuade and/or motivate your
audience.
13. Typical elements (see your assignment for specific details):
a. Introduction or executive summary. b. State the issue being
addressed.
c. Explain the exact steps taken and methods used (procedure)
to address the issue for this report.
d. Identify the findings during the course of your procedure.
Include specific data. e. Conclusions based on the analysis and
evaluation of your findings.
f. Recommendations state actions that you feel needs to be
taken based on your findings and conclusions.
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Comparing the effect of paired versus repeated reading on impr.docx

  • 1. Comparing the effect of paired versus repeated reading on improving Saudi EFL students' reading fluency. Introduction Reading is an acquired skill. There is a significant difference between reading and studying. The art of reading involves coordination of brain functions and eyes. However, fluency in reading is an improved skill that can be acquired through practice. People with physical or mental impairment might have difficulty in reading. All students in a class have distinct reading abilities. In promoting their fluency in reading, the two methods are applied; paired and repeated reading. In paired reading, two or more students are grouped and subjected to similar reading material assessing the reading pattern for each. Every student here will exhibit a unique reading style to compete with others. On the other hand, in repeated reading, students with fluency reading difficulties are subjected to repeat reading exercise in which assessment is done on every stage acquainting the level of fluency. Saudi Arabia is an Arabic speaking nation. Their countries first language is Arabic. Their English learning experience is greatly hampered by reading difficulty since it’s a foreign (second) language. A study done in one of Saudi EFL teachers college showed that the student had a significant interest in learning how to improve their reading experience. It was discovered that, at least 20% of those interested in English, had a significant competitive experience in acquiring the standard rate of fluency in reading. Some of the factors highlighted as leading impediment to the improved fluency reading were; difficulty in understanding the meaning of the text, spelling and pronunciation problems, difficulty in scanning and skimming, limited vocabulary, syntactic parsing difficulty among others.
  • 2. The prime interest in this study is to compare the significance of the two basic methods of improving fluency among the EFL students and how the counteracting effects on the methods. Problem of the study: EFL students have a comprehensive reading difficulty hindering them from social interaction with other international fluent English speaking communities. There is a significant effect in improving their reading fluency comparing the use of paired and repeated reading practice methods. Significance of the study: The significance significant of repeated or paired reading methods in enhancing fluency English reading significantly influence the social and academic life of the EFL students in Saudi Research Questions: 1. Is there any effect between EFL students learning fluency reading with repeated and paired reading methods? 2. Do both methods have significant effects in improving the reading experience? 3. What are the comparable factors leading to the effectiveness of each method? 4. Can both methods be adopted to enhance a fluency reading experience? 5. Is there any significant effect in counteracting both methods in the learning experience?
  • 3. 6. Which of the method is most effective for learning fluency reading? Methodology: A systematic reading technique involves designed reading criteria in which the population on the study will be subjected to the two reading techniques periodically at an interval. The study population will involve 25 EFL students. The students will be placed in groups of 5s each group with a unique reading material. Of the 5 groups, each group will experience a different level of reading classified on the basis simple, basic, classical, complex and vocabulary English. The test score for the participant in every group will be recorded on a scale of 1 to 10 base on the time period taken to read the material. Every reading assessment will be timed depending on each level. The same technique will be adjusted to individual EFL student in the same levels of rotation at the same intervals of rotation. The results recorded for each group in their distinct levels will be comparatively analyzed against the results score for individual participation. The significance of interaction and comparative effect of the two methods will be examined and discussed for the conclusion Suggested References: Alkhatnai, M. (2011). Learning Styles of Efl Saudi College- Level Students in on-Line andTraditional Educational Environments. Al-Otaibi, G. N. (2004). Language learning strategy use among Saudi EFL students and its relationship to language proficiency level, gender and motivation. Arishi, A. Y. (1984). A study of EFL teachers' behavior in EFL
  • 4. classes in Saudi Arabia. Chang, A. C.-S. (April 01, 2012). Improving Reading Rate Activities for EFL Students: Timed Reading and Repeated Oral Reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 24, 1, 56-83. Gorsuch, G., & Taguchi, E. (June 01, 2008). Repeated Reading for Developing Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension: The Case of EFL Learners in Vietnam. System: an International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 36, 2, 253-278. Kuhn, M. R., & Levy, L. (2015). Developing fluent readers: Teaching fluency as a foundational skill. Williams, C. (2013). A Comparative Learning Style overview: A Learning Style Comparison of Beginner and Intermediate Saudi EFL Preparatory Year Students. Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. �Rephrase this part or delete it �You need to write two more paragraphs about the different ways of developing reading fluency here You need also to cite some references here �main purpose �include some more clarifications
  • 5. �move this section after the research questions ��include some more clarifications �we need 3 research questions…but these should be rephrased..please see previous studies �delete �only two groups will be involved in your study so talk about Research Method Research instruments Participants of the Study
  • 6. Write more detailed information in these three subsections �Ok but where are these references in the text ? E-Business Overview: Strategy is perquisite to success. This project emphasizes upon the application of strategy in business. It answers the important question: why it is important to individuals and organisations in achieving their goals. In this case the strategy will be in reference to businesses using e-business systems. We understand the e-Business Strategy plan as a detailed plan that is a unifying theme that gives coherence and direction to the actions and decisions of an organization operating in e-Business domain. Strategy is both a science and art. To prepare an e-Business Strategic plan, it is imperative to understand the environment in which company operates. It needs to consider all categories/types of environment both internal as well as external as an basic input to creating right strategy and business model.
  • 7. There are now a variety of tools and knowledge available that guides us how to create the e-Business plan. This course equips the students in the different theories, models and framework that help a student and practitioner of management to create the strategy plan for any e-Business organization. This project expects demonstration of such skills by the student on applicability of different tools, techniques and models to arrive at a systematic e-Business strategy plan. Read the below instructions that you will guide you to do this exercise. 1. Pick Your Company: Pick a company to research. Make sure that it is large enough to have enough data to make it easy to research. It is desired that this company should have a reasonable use of Internet/e- commerce technologies in its operations. Submit the name of the company you choose to your professor for approval. 2. Research your selected company to determine the past, present, and likely future of the industry and the company's track record with that industry. Use the different models like SWOT, PEST, Porters model to understand the market environment. 3. Create the appropriate strategy framework keeping in view its Value Network. Detail out the specific activities that would be undertaken in context of its digital business framework. 4. Create the implementation plan. Identify the activities to be undertaken. List the possible risks and possible measures to address them. 5.Executive Summary: Write the executive summary for your e-Business strategy plan. An executive summary provides a synopsis of the entire
  • 8. plan that highlights the most important points of the proposed Strategy Plan. It gives others (i.e., employees, financers, etc.) a concise picture of what you are going to do and how you are going achieve it. The executive summary of this e-Business plan will be the first section of the plan, but is the last section written. Note: Format the project according to the Business Report Guidelines. Include a reference page. (Note: According to APA, if you have an entry on the reference page there must be at least one in-text citation that corresponds to the entry in the body of the document.) Business Report Guidelines Standard Format for Business Reports Students are expected to adhere to the following when completing a business report. 1. 12-point serif font (Times New Roman or Courier). 2. Double-spaced (unless the assignment specifically states single-spaced). 3. 1-inch margins at the top, bottom, left, and right of every page. 4. Cover page.
  • 9. 5. Page numbers are in the header in the top right corner. A running head is not included. 6. Paragraphs are to be indented five to seven spaces. 7. Complete sentences, correct grammar, correct spelling, and accurate punctuation are expected. 8. Absence of typographical errors. 9. Citations within the body of the text follow APA format. Note: Even though you may not use citations in a report at work, you are currently in an academic environment. Demonstrate that you have analyzed and evaluated information you have gained in the course and then applied it appropriately in your report. 10. Reference list (if necessary) starts on a new page and follows proper APA 6th edition format. 11. Images, graphs, charts, or other types of visuals are considered to be figures in APA format and must adhere to proper APA 6th edition formatting. 12. Writing style is to be concise, factual, and in the imperative mood. Write to your audience (see details in the assignment). Use strong words that will persuade and/or motivate your audience. 13. Typical elements (see your assignment for specific details): a. Introduction or executive summary. b. State the issue being addressed. c. Explain the exact steps taken and methods used (procedure) to address the issue for this report. d. Identify the findings during the course of your procedure. Include specific data. e. Conclusions based on the analysis and evaluation of your findings. f. Recommendations state actions that you feel needs to be taken based on your findings and conclusions.