2. slidesmania.com
KINDS OF
TROUBLES
1. ELECTRICAL TROUBLES- THOSE CAUSED BY FAULTY
ELECTRICAL GADGETS OR EQUIPMENT IN AN
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF THE CAR WHICH HAMPERS IT’S
SMOOTH PERFORMANCE.ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS LIKETHE
GENERATING,STARTING,IGNITION,LIGHTING,AND OTHER
ACCESSORY SYSTEM LIKE THE HORN,WIPER AND
WASHER,POWER WINDOWS ETC.
2
3. slidesmania.com
KINDS OF
TROUBLES
2. MECHANICAL TROUBLES- THOSE CAUSED BY BOTH STATIONERY
AND MOVING
(RECIPROCATING),REVOLVING,OSCILLATING,ROCKING PARTS OF
THE AUTOMOBILE PARTICULARLY THOSE AFFECTED BY POOR
LUBRICATIONO, TOO MUCH FRICTION, IMPROPER ADJUSTMENTS
AND CLEARANCES AND OTHERS WHICH WERE CAUSED BY POOR
VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE CONDITION.
3
4. slidesmania.com
KINDS OF
TROUBLES
3. ELECTRONIC TROUBLES- THOSE CAUSED BY
ELECTRONIC GADGETS CONTROLED INSTALLED
IN THE CAR.
4. HYDRAULIC TROUBLES- THOSE CAUSED BY
RESTRICTED OR NOT PROPERLY CALIBRATED
HYDRAULIC GADGETS INSTALLED IN THE CAR.
4
9. slidesmania.com
ENGINE STATIONARY
PARTS
1.CYLINDER HEAD- IS THE TOPMOST PART OF THE ENGINE WHICH COVERS THE
CYLINDER BLOCK. IT SEALS THE COMPRESSION LEAKAGE THROUGH A CYLINDER
HEAD GASKET. ACCORDING TO VALVE ARRANGEMENT A CYLINDER HEAD COULD
EITHER BE L-HEAD,F HEAD I-HEAD- T-HEAD,ETC.
9
14. slidesmania.com
ENGINE
STATIONARY PARTS
CRANK CASE-FORMS THE LOWER PORTION OF
THE CYLINDER BLOCK IN SOME MODELS
THESE ARE TWO ARE CAST IN ONE PIECE THE
CAMSHAFT,OIL PUMP, AND OTHER
ACCESSORIES ARE ATTACHED TO THE CRANK
CASE.
14
18. slidesmania.com
INTAKE STROKE
THIS IS WHEN THE PISTON IS MOVING DOWN. AS THE
PISTON MOVES DOWN FROM TOP DEAD CENTER(TDC) IT
PRODUCES A VACUUM IN THE CYLINDER AND AS
RESULT THERE IS A RUSHING IN OF AIR FUEL CHARGE
THROUGH THE INTAKE VALVE WHICH OPENS THE
INTAKE PORT.
18
Top dead centre
the furthest point of a piston's travel, at which it
changes from an upward to a downward stroke
20. slidesmania.com
COMPRESSION STROKE
AT THIS EVENT, THE PRISON REACHES
BOTTOM DEAD CENTER (BDC) AT THE END
OF INTAKE STROKE AND STARTS TO MOVE
UP WITH BOTH VALVES CLOSED TO
COMPRESS THE AIR-FUEL MIXTURE IN
PREPERATION FOR THE POWER STROKE
20
22. slidesmania.com
POWER STROKE
IS WHERE THE PISTON IS AT TDC AT THE END OF
COMPRESSION STROKE AND A SPARK GIVEN OFF BY THE
SPARK PLUG AND AS A RESULT, RAPID BURNING AND
EXPLOSION TAKE PLACE WHICH PAVE THE WAY FOR
THE EXPANSION OF GASES AND THE TREMENDOUS
INCREASE IN THE PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ON
THE HEAD OF THE PISTON THAT PUSHES IT DOWN WITH
BOTH VALVES CLOSED
22
24. slidesmania.com
EXHAUST
STROKE
AS THE PISTON REACHES BDC ON THE POWER STROKE,
THE EXHAUST VALVE OPEN. THE PISTON MOVES UP
AGAIN AND IT PUSHES THE BURNED GASES OUT
THROUGH THE EXHAUST PORT
24
35. slidesmania.com
VALVES
IS A LONG METAL STEM ON WHICH THERE IS A FLAT TOP.
IT LOOKS LIKE A MUSHROOM SO THAT THE ENGINE
VALVES ARE CALLED MUSHROOM VALVES.
35
36. slidesmania.com
CAMSHAFT
SHAFT THAT OPERATES THE VARIOUS INTAKE AND
EXHAUST VALVE THROUGH ITS CAMLOBES. IT
HAS A TIMING GEAR AT THE FRONT END MESHED
EITHER BY TEETH OR SPROCKET AND CHAINED
TO THE CRANKSHAFT GEAR.
36
