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Hinduism
1.
2. Introductory Questions:
Hinduism
• Where did Hinduism originate?
• Hinduism is considered a major world
religion. Why do you think this is?
• Is Hinduism polytheistic or monotheistic?
3. Basics of Hinduism
• Originated in India
• Dates back to 1500 BCE
and many consider it the
oldest religion in the
world
• Third largest religion (# of
adherents)
• Practiced by 80% of
India’s inhabitants
• Derivative of word Hindu
is the geographical term
(Sindu River or Indus
Valley)
4. Indus Valley Aryans
• 4000 – 2200 BCE • 1500 BCE
• Built houses for • Poems and ritual
worship texts called VEDAS
(early sacred
• Stone sculptures writings)
and charms to
ward off evil • Rig Veda – the oldest
of the Sacred Texts
• Fire altars & animal Agni - worshipped
sacrifices •
forces of nature as gods
• Atman - human soul
5. VEDAS
• Composed in Sanskrit
• Vedas literally means
“knowledge“
• Vedas called “Shruti” by the
Hindus
• RIG VEDA
• Upanishads – mystical texts on
human existence
EPICS
• Ramayana – Hindu Epic of
about 24000 verses including
hero story of Rama
• Mahabharata and Bhagavad
Gita
Legal Codes
• Laws of Manu
6. Hindu Beliefs & Deities
Categorizing the religion of Hinduism is somewhat confusing:
• POLYTHEISTIC= worships multiple deities: gods and goddesses
• MONOTHEISTIC = it recognizes only one supreme God: the
panentheistic principle of Brahman, that all reality is a unity. The
entire universe is seen as one divine entity who is simultaneously at
one with the universe and who transcends it as well
• TRINITARIAN= Brahman is simultaneously visualized as a triad --
one God with three persons: Brahma (the Creator) Vishnu (the
Preserver, Shiva (the Destroyer)
• HENOTHEISTIC= recognize a single deity, and recognizes other
gods and goddesses as facets, forms, manifestations, or aspects of
that supreme God
7. Brahman -is the supreme being
-entity without form
or quality
-soul of universe
-divine, invisible,
unlimited
Preserver
Creator Destroyer
Brahma Shiva Vishnu
(Saraswati)
(Parvati) (Lakshmi)
8. • Son of Shiva and Parvati
• Human body and an
elephant’s head with only
one short tusk
• Worshipped as the remover
of all obstacles
• Milk Miracle – Sept. 25, 1995
9. Vishnu has many AVATARS
(incarnations)who appear
on earth as humans or
animals to conquer evil and
establish righteousness
7th- Rama
8th- Krishna
9th- Siddhartha Gautama
(Buddha)
10. The ultimate aim of all Hindu thoughts is to
attain the universal soul or divine wisdom called
Brahman
Hindu’s believe in the freedom to individually worship
and guide own spiritual experience.
The goals of Hinduism consist of personal conduct and
righteous living which equals to dharma
Goal to achieve moksha, (liberation) from endless
cycle of rebirths called Samsara and reunite atman
with Brahman
11. • MAYA= all forms of existence are temporary and
illusionary
• SAMSARA = endless cycle of reincarnation
• KARMA = Basic belief of cause and effect (all
actions have a consequence)
• DHARMA =personal conduct and righteous living
• MOKSHA= the liberation from samsara and the
uniting of ATMAN (human soul) with Brahman
(ultimate soul)
12.
13. – ॐ । असतो मा सदमय । तमसो मा जयोितगमय । मतयोमामतं गमय
ग ृ ग ृ
।।
– OM Asato mā sadgamaya, tamaso mā jyotirgamaya,
mrityormāmritam gamaya
– "OM (Lead me) from falsehood to truth, from darkness to light,
from death to immortality."
• Aum (also Om, ॐ ) is the most sacred syllable in
Hinduism and Vedas
• Used in meditation and prayer as sound gives
supernatural power
• Represents the original sound of creation
• To chant “om” will steady and elevate the mind
14. • Good luck symbol
representing “well being”
• Usually illustrated in red
• Used on wedding
invitations, drawings
• Used in rituals to bring
good luck and protect
against evil
15. • 4 Paths to • Vegetarianism “holy
Salvation cow”
• 4 Stages of Life • Arranged Marriages
• 4 Goals of Life • Diwali – Festival of Lights
• Caste System • Ahimsa – non-violence
• Puja • Yoga – philosophy and
• Upanayana exercise together – very
spiritual
16. • Best known Hindu in world
• Fought to end discrimination
against Indians in South Africa
• Tolerant of all religions
• Religious ideals on duty, truth,
non-violence (ahimsa) and
spiritual liberation (moksha)
• Negotiated independence of
India in 1947
• Opposed social injustice of
Hindu society (ie.
untouchables)
• Assassinated in 1948
Editor's Notes
Hinduism originated in the area now called India and is still practiced by 80% of its inhabitants. Hinduism is considered a major world religion because of its approximately 700 million believers and its has influence on many other religions during its long history. Some authorities date it back to about 1500 BC and consider it the oldest religion in the world. This religion cannot be traced to a specific founder and does not have only one "holy book" as a spiritual guide. Unlike most other religions, Hinduism does not promote the worship of one particular deity . A Hindu may worship one or many different manifestations of the divine. They consider themselves successful Hindus when the reach the "Ultimate Reality" or nirvana in their lives.
Rig Veda- authoritative scripture; earliest is Rig Veda which is earliest record of sacred knowledge which gave verse to interpretations called Brahmanas and mystical texts of human existence called Upanishads AGNI- worshipped forces of nature as gods; worshipped fire (AGNI) as link between gods and humans formed core of early Hindu practices ATMAN- emergence of atman (human soul) from Upanishads and prayer as breath of human life and fundmental aspect of Hinduism
Sanskrit ( saṃskṛtam संस्कृतम् ) is an Indo-European Classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism . It has a position in India and Southeast Asia similar to that of Latin and Greek in Europe , and is a central part of Hindu tradition. It is one of the oldest Indo-European languages in the world and boasts a rich tradition of poetry, literature, and philosophical and religious texts There are actually 4 Vedas (branches of knowledge) RIG VEDA = oldest text of 1028 hymns of praise or requests Upanishads (philosophical commentary in Vedas = more influence on modern day practices) Upanishads- deal with Vedic philosophy and form the conclusions of each of the Vedas. Specifically, they elaborate on how the soul (atman) can b united with the ultimate truth (Brahman) through contemplation, meditation, as well as the doctrine of karma (personal action) Ramayana- hero Prince Rama on various adventures displaying superior virtues and battle evil Mahabharata- longest story ever; conflict between man’s soul and good and evil; stress good values and moral lesson that forces of righteousness win out -best known is Bhagavad-Gita= universal soul and human soul will unite ; display bhakti yoga which is the intense devotion to a personal saviour god portrayed by Krishna
Brahma (the Creator) who is continuing to create new realities Vishnu , (Krishna) the Preserver, who preserves these new creations. Whenever dharma (eternal order, righteousness, religion, law and duty) is threatened, Vishnu travels from heaven to earth in one of ten incarnations. Shiva , the Destroyer, is at times compassionate, erotic and destructive. Strictly speaking, most forms of Hinduism are henotheistic ; they recognize a single deity, and recognizes other gods and goddesses as facets, forms, manifestations, or aspects of that supreme God.
