2. The Hundred Years’
War left England in
turmoil and caused a
civil war
War of Roses (1455-
1487) – the war was
over different families
wanting to take the
throne
One was the House of
Lancaster, and the
other York. Both had
legitimate claims to the
throne
3. Tudor Dynasty
King Henry VII ended the
private wars of the nobility
by prohibiting nobles from
running private armies of
followers that were
dedicated to their lords
The English didn’t have a
strong, standing army so
they relied on lords to raise
armies for a cause and then
disband them after
4. Tudor Dynasty
Court of Star
Chamber – didn’t use
juries and allowed
torture to be used
Didn’t have to call
Parliament frequently
by using diplomacy to
avoid wars
Set a stable
government for the
rest of the Tudors
5. They had two sons and
one daughter that
survived infancy
Arthur married Catherine
of Aragon of Spain
(Daughter of Queen
Isabela and King
Ferdinand)
8. King Henry VIII is Named Defender of Faith
• Published In Defense of the Seven Sacraments against Martin Luther
• The Pope awarded him Defender of Faith
9. Catherine of Aragon
could not give King
Henry VIII a son (only a
daughter named Mary
survived)
Henry needed a son as
an heir
He wanted a divorce for
Catherine but the Pope
refused because that
would create an enemy
with Spain
10. Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII fell in love
with Anne Boleyn
Anne refused to have
an affair with Henry
which meant that he
would have to divorce
Catherine
11. • Named him and all future heirs were the head of the Church of
England
• Pope could not intervene in England
• Now Henry VIII could divorce Catherine
12. Anglican Church
Henry VIII enlisted
Thomas Cranmer as
his assistant to create
this new church
Two of Henry’s most
trusted advisors, Moore
and Wolsey were
charged with treason
13.
14. They have one
daughter
together, named
Elizabeth in
1533
Anne gives birth
to a still-born
son the next
year
Uh-oh for Anne
Boleyn!
15.
16. Jane Seymour
Henry VIII married Jane
only 11 days after
Anne’s execution
They had a son
together named
Edward
Jane died giving birth to
Edward
17. • The creation of the Protestant Anglican Church caused uproar
in the Catholic part of Northern England
• Many people immigrated to the Americas
19. King Edward
VI (1537-1553)
Edward VI took the
throne at the age of
10, and was too
young to marry
He was the first
English monarch to
be raised in the
Anglican Church
20. Reforming the Anglican Church
Edward enlisted in the
help of Thomas
Cranmer
Created the English
Book of Common
Prayer (Anglican
prayers)
Made the Anglican
Church more
Protestant in its
traditions and beliefs
21. Edward fell ill at 16
He didn’t want his half sister Mary to rule
because she was Catholic
He makes it so his Anglican cousin, Lade
Jane Grey will take power
22. Lady Jane Grey was queen for 9 days
until she was executed by her
cousin, Mary
23. Queen Mary I (r. 1553-1558)
Mary was a super
Catholic
She promised religious
toleration to the
Anglicans
But in reality she tortured
and burned many of
them at the stake
She is given the
nickname “Bloody Mary”
24. She also
married her first
cousin, and
King of Spain,
Phillip II
The two of them
were very Catholic
and suppressed
any Protestant
movements
26. Queen Elizabeth I
The English welcomed
her after the harsh reign
of Mary I
She gave Anglicans
more rights and
practiced religious
toleration
She had many
domestic and foreign
threats
27. The Elizabethan Settlement
A compromise between the Catholics and
the Anglicans
The Anglican Church became the official
church of England and all sermons would
be in England
The sermons would seem more Catholic
Monarchy is head of the Church and not
the Pope
28. The Pope told the
English people
that Elizabeth I
was illegitimate
and not to follow
her
Regnans in
Excelsis
29. “The Virgin Queen”
Queen Elizabeth I refused to marry
because she feared that her husband
would take her power
Many English people didn’t trust Elizabeth
because they didn’t believe that a woman
could rule without a husband
30. Queen Mary of Scots
Mary of Scots was forced
to abdicate her throne
after she was accused of
assassinating her
husband
She went to Elizabeth for
help
She was next in line for
the English throne and
was accused of many
failed assassinations of
Elizabeth
31. Elizabeth had Mary Queen of Scots executed after 18
years of failed assassination plots
32. The Spanish Armada
King Phillip attacked Elizabeth to try to restore Catholicism in England
Elizabeth defeated the Armada at the Battle of Gravelines in 1588