This document discusses research on developing an anti-radiation T cell vaccine. It describes T cells and their role in cell-mediated immunity, including recognizing radiation antigens created by radiation damage. The proposed anti-radiation T cell vaccine would generate immunological memory to radiation antigens, protecting against future radiation exposure through memory T cells that can quickly respond. It would work by modulating cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in cells displaying radiation epitopes, without causing necrosis.

1. Acute Radiation Syndromes.
Implications for
Immunotherapy. Anti-radiation
T Cells Vaccine. Part 3.
Dmitri Popov PhD. Radiobiology. MD (Russia).
Advanced Medical Technologies and Systems Inc. Canada.

2. Key words.
• Anti-radiation vaccine – ARV.
• Acute Radiation Syndromes – ARS.

3. Anti radiation T cells vaccine.
• Research Proposal: Antiradiation T cells vaccine.
• Dmitri Popov
• Full-text available · Research Proposal · Sep 2016
• Add resources
• File name: ARS. ImplicationforImmunotherapy3.pptx
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.31054.46409

4. T cells. Who are you?
• A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte that plays a central
role in cell-mediated immunity. T cells can be distinguished from
other lymphocytes, by the presence of a T-cell receptor on the cell
surface. The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function.
The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha and beta
chains on the cell receptor and are termed alpha beta T cells (αβ T
cells) and are part of the adaptive immune system.
• Shin, Haina; Iwasaki, Akiko (2013-09-01). "Tissue-resident memory T
cells“. Immunological Reviews. 255 (1): 165–
181. doi:10.1111/imr.12087

5. How they are looks like? By NIAID/NIH - NIAID Flickr's photo stream,
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18233598

6. T cells Receptors: Plik:TCR complex.svg

7. T cells vaccines
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXVLdbkRkhw

8. Anti-radiation T cell vaccine.
• “Anti-radiation T- cells Vaccine”.
• Anti-radiation T cell, or A-T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a
subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated
immunity after irradiation, development of acute radiation reactions
and opened novel gates for radiation protection and anti-radiation
immunotherapy.
Radiation induce several mechanisms of damage of protein and lipid
structures and create specific Radiation Antigens

9. Anti-radiation T-cell vaccine.
• Radiation Antigens are self-antigens with specifically changed
structures and an antigenic properties, which is a different from self-
antigens.
The primary immune response to radiation based on specific
recognition of radiation antigens and activation of naïve T cells with
subsequent specific proliferation and differentiation.
T cells use TCR complex (TCR and CD3) for surveillance self-antigens
and foreign antigens, and new radiation antigens. TCR complex
recognises self-, and no-self antigens, presented on MHC molecules.
CD4+ T cells – MHC class II; CD8+ T cells MHC class I.

10. Anti-radiation T-cell vaccine.
• TCR complex is a glycoprotein, glycolipids.
CD4+ T helper cells activation after irradiation: 1. Extracellular
antigens (radiation antigens) coming from blood stream, lymph-
circulation and presented in extracellular fluid. Extracellular radiation
antigens is phagocytosed, processed, and presented on MHC class II,
which is expressed by antigen presenting cells. (APCs).
APCs Anti-radiation vaccine under consideration.
Activated to radiation antigens CD4+ helper T cells secrete cytokines,
which activate inflammation, activates macrophages, promote B cells
class switching IgM to IgG.

11. Anti-radiation T cell vaccines.
• Activated CD8+ cytotoxic T cells plays extremely important role in the
development of cell apoptosis and cell necrosis. Intracellular radiation
antigens (derived from proteins in the cytoplasm, which were
damaged by radiation, or synthesized with wrong structure after
mutation which occurs in DNA.
Cytotoxic T8+ cells activating for killing. Killing of irradiated cells occur
via secretion of perforin and Granzyme which promote cell necrosis,
and expression of Fas L, which bind on target irradiated cell and
promote apoptosis.

12. Anti-Radiation T cells Vaccine.
• Response to radiation antigens generates specific anti-
radiation immunological memory, which gives protection from
subsequent challenge by the same physical factor as radiation.
The generation of memory T cells, long-lived cells that give an
accelerated response to radiation antigens.
Memory T cells to radiation antigens differ from naive T cells, but like
naive T cells they are quiescent and require activation by antigen-
presenting cells with co-stimulatory activity in order to regenerate
effector T cells.

13. Anti-Radiation T cell vaccine.
• T cells Anti-radiation Vaccine create memory to radiation antigens.
T-cell Anti-Radiation Vaccine induce T-cell mediated immunity or T-
cell immunity: modulating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells that are
able to induce graduated apoptosis, but not necrosis, in body cells
displaying specific epitopes of radiation antigen on their surface.

14. Anti-Radiation T cell vaccine.
• https://www.slideshare.net/dlpopov/antiradiation-vaccine-
protection-and-prophylaxis-radiofrequencymicrowave-biological-
effects-toxicity-radiation-injury-40509572
• http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-topics-in-ionizing-
radiation-research/radiation-toxins-molecular-mechanisms-of-
toxicity-and-radiomimetic-properties-