Instructions for Citing References There are 2 commonly acceptable ways to cite references for scientific research papers: the name-year convention and the citation sequence convention. EXAMPLE -- THE NAME YEAR CONVENTION Literature Cited Conant, R. 1975. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Gillis, R. 1979. Adaptive differences in the water economies of two species of leopard frogs from eastern Colorado. Journal of Herpetology 13:445-450. Ralin, D.B. and J.S. Rogers. 1972. Aspects of tolerance to desiccation in Acris crepitans and Pseudacris streckeri. Copeia 1972:519-525. Schmid, W.D. 1965. Some aspects of the water economies of nine species of amphibians. Ecology 46:261-269. Smith, J.W., D. Pettus and D.W. Hoppe. 1998. One hundred years of amphibian water economy studies: what have we learned? American Zoologist 66:124-198. EXAMPLE -- THE CITATION SEQUENCE CONVENTION Literature Cited (1) Smith, J.W., D. Pettus and D.W. Hoppe. 1998. One hundred years of amphibian water economy studies: what have we learned? American Zoologist 66:124-198. (2) Schmid, W.D. 1965. Some aspects of the water economies of nine species of amphibians. Ecology 46:261-269. (3) Ralin, D.B. and J.S. Rogers. 1972. Aspects of tolerance to desiccation in Acris crepitans and Pseudacris streckeri. Copeia 1972:519-525. (4) Gillis, R. 1979. Adaptive differences in the water economies of two species of leopard frogs from eastern Colorado. Journal of Herpetology 13:445-450. (5) Conant, R. 1975. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. OTHER EXAMPLES Example of where to find the information for a journal citation Example of an article in an edited volume: Pianka, E.R. 1975. Niche relations of desert lizards. Pages 292-314 in M. Cody and J. Diamond, editors. Ecology and evolution of communities. Belknap Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Examples of book citations: Conant, R. 1975. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Welty, J.C. and L. Baptista. 1988. The life of birds. Saunders College Publishing, New York, New York, USA. Example of citing a technical publication from a governmental agency: Sauer, J.S. 1998. Temporal analyses of select macroinvertebrates in the Upper Mississippi River System, 1992-1995. U.W. Geological Survey. Environmental Management Technical Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, April 1998. LTRMP 98- T001. Example of an online journal citation: Cane, J. H. and V. J. Tepedino. 2001. Causes and extent of declines among native North American invertebrate pollinators: detection, evidence, and consequences. Conservation Ecology 5 <URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol5/iss1/art1>. Accessed 16 July 2001.