by Dilip Kumar Chandra PGT Biotechnology JNV Raipur CG

1. 2

2. BREATHING
 BREATHING MEANS TAKING IN AIR
RICH IN OXYGEN AND GIVING OUT
AIR RICH IN CARBONDIOXIDE.

3. INHALATION
 TAKING IN OF AIR RICH IN OXYGEN
INTO THE BODYIS CALLED AS
INHALATION.

4. EXHALATION
 GIVING OUT OF AIR RICH IN
CARBONDIOXIDE IS KNOWN AS
EXHALATION

5. BREATHING RATE
 THE NUMBER OF TIMES A PERSON
BREATHS IN A MINUTE IS TERMED
AS BREATHING RATE.

6. BREATHING APPARATUS
Larynx
Windpipe
Bronchus
Right lung Diaphragm
Heart
Left lung
Cartilage ring

7. BREATHING APPARATUS

9. Diffusion in the Alveoli
O2
CO2
Air In
& Out
Alveolus
Oxygenated
Blood
Deoxygenated Blood
Blood
Capillary

10. Structure and Function of
Alveoli
 The Alveoli are where gaseous
exchange takes place. For this they
have:
 an enormous surface area
 a moist lining
 very thin walls
 an excellent blood supply.
 Oxygen passes into the blood.
 Carbon dioxide passes out of the
blood.

11.  AIR PASSESTHROUGH OUR
NOSTRILSINTO THE NASAL CAVITY AND
AIR REACHES TO THE LUNGS THROUGH
WIND PIPE.
 LUNGS PRESESNT INE THE CHEST
CAVITY.
 A LARGE MUSCULAR SHEET CALLED
DIAPHRAGM FORMS THE FLOOR OF THE
CHEST CAVITY

12. Lungs and Breathing
 Trachea
 Bronchus
 Bronchiole
 Alveoli
 Ribs
 Intercostal muscles
 Diaphragm
 Plural fluid
– carries air from the mouth
– one goes to each lung
– small branching tubes split
bronchi
– air sack where gasses are
exchanged
– protect the heart and lungs
– pull ribs and sternum up and
out
– moves up and down during
breathing

13. GO BIOLOGY JUNIOR

16. Breathing In and Out
 Diaphragm
contracts
 Rib cage raised
 Thorax volume
increases
 Air pressure
lowered
 Air drawn in
 Diaphragm relaxes
 Rib cage lowers
 Thorax volumes
decreases
 Air pressure raised
 Air forced out
Inspiration Expiration

17. Breathing In and Out
 Diaphragm
_______
 Rib cage
_________
 Thorax volume
__________
 Air pressure
______
 Air drawn in
 Diaphragm
________
 Rib cage
_________
 Thorax volumes
__________
 Air pressure
_______
 Air forced out
Inspiration Expiration

18. Composition of Inhaled and
Exhaled Air
Gas Air in Air out
Nitrogen 79% 79%
Oxygen 21% 16%
CO2 0.04% 4%
Water
vapour
Varies Saturated

19.  Tracheal Breathing
 Gills and Gas Exchange

20. Tracheal Breathing
Insects, and some other invertebrates,
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
between their tissues and the air by a
system of air-filled tubes called
tracheae.
Tracheae open to the outside through
small holes called spiracles. In the
grasshopper, the first and third
segments of the thorax have a spiracle
on each side. Another 8 pairs of
spiracles are arranged in a line on either
side of the abdomen.
The spiracles are guarded by
valves controlled by muscles that
enables the grasshopper to open and
close them;
hairs that filter out dust as the air enters
the spiracles.

21. Spiracles open into large tracheal tubes. These, in turn, lead to ever-finer
branches. The branches penetrate to every part of the body. At their extreme
ends, called tracheoles, they may be less than 1 µm in diameter, and are
probably filled with liquid. Every cell in the insect's body is adjacent, or very
close to, the end of a tracheole.

22. Gills and Gas Exchange

23. Dissolved oxygen
in water is absorbed
By the blood present
in the blood vessels
of the gills

24. EVALUATION
 WHAT IS BREATHING
 WHAT IS INHALATION
 WHAT IS EXHALATION