Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Time Series and Forecasting 18-2 A TIME SERIES is a collection of data recorded over a period of time (weekly, monthly, or quarterly), that can be used by management to compute forecasts as input to planning and decision making. It usually assumes past patterns will continue into the future. Time Series and its Components Components of a Time Series  Secular Trend – the smooth long term direction of a time series  Cyclical Variation – the rise and fall of a time series over periods longer than one year  Seasonal Variation – Patterns of change in a time series within a year which tends to repeat each year  Irregular Variation – residuals and exogenous shocks 18-3 Secular Trend – Example The number of employees at Home Depot from 1993 to 2012 18-4 Cyclical Variation – Sample Chart The annual unit sales of batteries sold by National Battery Retails Inc. from 1991 to 2010 18-5 Seasonal Variation – Sample Chart Quarterly sales of Hercher Sporting G Inc, a Chicago area sporting goods company specializes in selling baseball and softball equipment to high schools, colleges and youth leagues. 18-6 Example: Sears Revenue Data 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 Sears Quartly Revenue 1995-2013 18-7 The Moving Average Method  Useful in smoothing time series to see its trend.  Basic method used in measuring seasonal fluctuation.  Applicable when a time series follows a fairly linear trend. 18-8 Moving Average Method - Example 18-9 Example: Sears Revenue Data 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 Sears Quartly Revenue 1995-2013 18-10 Linear Trend  The long term trend of a time series may approximate a straight line. 18-11 Linear Trend – Using the Least Squares Method, Regression Analysis, and Excel  Use the least squares method in Simple Linear Regression to find the best linear relationship between the times series and time.  Code time (t) and use it as the independent variable. That is, let t be 1 for the first year, 2 for the second, and so on. 18-12 Linear Trend Plot y = 49.411x + 7514.9 R² = 0.1752 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 Sears Quartly Revenue 1995-2013 Structural Break 18-13 Seasonal Variation  One of the components of a time series.  Seasonal variations are fluctuations that coincide with certain seasons and are repeated year after year.  Understanding seasonal fluctuations help plan for sufficient goods .

1. Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written
consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Time Series and
Forecasting
18-2
A TIME SERIES is a collection of data recorded over a period
of time
(weekly, monthly, or quarterly), that can be used by
management to compute
forecasts as input to planning and decision making. It usually
assumes past
patterns will continue into the future.
Time Series and its Components
Components of a Time Series
– the smooth long term direction of a time
series
– the rise and fall of a time series over
periods longer than
one year
– Patterns of change in a time series
within a year which
tends to repeat each year

2. – residuals and exogenous shocks
18-3
Secular Trend – Example
The number of employees at Home Depot from 1993 to 2012
18-4
Cyclical Variation – Sample Chart
The annual unit sales of batteries sold by National Battery
Retails Inc. from 1991 to 2010
18-5
Seasonal Variation – Sample
Chart
Quarterly sales of Hercher Sporting G Inc, a Chicago area
sporting
goods company specializes in selling baseball and softball
equipment
to high schools, colleges and youth leagues.

3. 18-6
Example: Sears Revenue Data
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43
45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75
Sears Quartly Revenue 1995-2013
18-7
The Moving Average Method

4. trend.
fluctuation.
time series follows a
fairly linear trend.
18-8
Moving Average Method - Example
18-9
Example: Sears Revenue Data
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000

5. 16000
18000
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64
67 70 73
Sears Quartly Revenue 1995-2013
18-10
Linear Trend
a straight line.
18-11
Linear Trend – Using the Least
Squares Method, Regression
Analysis, and Excel
es method in Simple
Linear Regression to find the best linear
relationship between the times series and
time.
variable. That is, let t be 1 for the first year, 2
for the second, and so on.

6. 18-12
Linear Trend Plot
y = 49.411x + 7514.9
R² = 0.1752
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64
67 70 73
Sears Quartly Revenue 1995-2013
Structural Break

7. 18-13
Seasonal Variation
seasons and are repeated year after year.
goods
and materials on hand to meet varying seasonal demand.
in
evaluating current sales.
18-14
Seasonally Adjusted and Detrended
Data
75604530151
15000
10000
5000
Index
75604530151

8. 15000
10000
5000
Index
75604530151
1.5
1.0
0.5
Index
75604530151
5000
0
-5000
Index
Component Analysis for Revenue
Multiplicative Model
Original Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data

9. Detrended Data
Seas. Adj. and Detr. Data
18-15
Example: Sears Revenue Data
• The merger of Kmart and Sears closed on March 24, 2015.
• The company expected consistent quarters of decline ever
since.
• The Sears CEO Eddie Lampert’s penny-pinching ways could
have
been the major reason for the decline, according to some critics.
• “In 2010, Lampert’s capital expenditure on store
improvements
was roughly 1 percent of sales. Compare that to Macy’s, which
is 2.5 percent, and Walmart’s 8.8 percent of sales.”
• “In February, he (Lampert) flummoxed the industry by hiring
an
IBM veteran with no retail experience to run Sears and Kmart.”
• Source: “Not so fast, Eddie” by Jamens Covert, New York
post, May
22, 2015
Time Series and ForecastingTime Series and its
ComponentsSecular Trend – ExampleCyclical Variation –
Sample ChartSeasonal Variation – Sample ChartExample: Sears
Revenue DataThe Moving Average MethodMoving Average
Method - ExampleExample: Sears Revenue DataLinear
TrendLinear Trend – Using the Least Squares Method,

10. Regression Analysis, and ExcelLinear Trend PlotSeasonal
VariationSeasonally Adjusted and Detrended DataExample:
Sears Revenue Data
NotesThese data are from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
FRED2 Database. Updated 12/8/2017You have many macro
variables to choose from the general category tabs below. The
data source is the Link found in the data heading and the data
series name is in bold type above the data column for each
series.Note on the number of observationsFor the company
regression model you may need to go only as far back in history
for each X variable data series equivalent to the company
revenue history.Keep in mind that you want to use as much
information as possible but in regression the regression model
you must have each data historythe same.Logic is the Most
important factor in selecting an X variable data series.Make
sure that you can explain the correlation between the selected X
variable and the company revenue. Remember, the X variable
should be expected to be highly correlated with the company
revenue.Note on seasonalityIf your company data indicated
seasonality then you may develop a better company forecast
model with seasonal data.You may use seasonally adjusted data
for either seasonal or non seasonal company data forecast
models.
Home Price IndexFRED Graph ObservationsFederal Reserve
Economic DataLink: https://fred.stlouisfed.orgHelp:
https://fred.stlouisfed.org/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisUSSTHPIAll-
Transactions House Price Index for the United States, Index
1980:Q1=100, Quarterly, Not Seasonally AdjustedFrequency:
Quarterlyobservation_dateUSSTHPI1975-01-0159.791975-04-
0161.101975-07-0161.261975-10-0162.431976-01-
0162.831976-04-0165.471976-07-0166.581976-10-
0167.281977-01-0169.441977-04-0172.661977-07-
0174.371977-10-0177.211978-01-0179.521978-04-
0182.721978-07-0185.211978-10-0187.471979-01-

11. 0191.391979-04-0194.351979-07-0196.421979-10-
0198.241980-01-01100.001980-04-01101.561980-07-
01104.491980-10-01104.761981-01-01105.321981-04-
01107.421981-07-01109.251981-10-01109.141982-01-
01110.951982-04-01111.891982-07-01110.851982-10-
01112.251983-01-01114.251983-04-01115.451983-07-
01116.411983-10-01117.051984-01-01118.831984-04-
01120.391984-07-01121.501984-10-01122.491985-01-
01124.221985-04-01126.101985-07-01128.091985-10-
01129.501986-01-01131.981986-04-01134.731986-07-
01136.781986-10-01138.881987-01-01141.621987-04-
01143.821987-07-01145.461987-10-01146.391988-01-
01148.681988-04-01151.641988-07-01153.201988-10-
01154.621989-01-01156.391989-04-01158.561989-07-
01161.931989-10-01163.271990-01-
01164.193/30/90164.866/29/90165.859/28/90165.2112/31/9016
6.583/29/91167.716/28/91167.999/30/91170.3612/31/91171.683
/31/92171.646/30/92173.619/30/92174.4812/31/92174.553/31/9
3176.216/30/93177.639/30/93179.1012/31/93180.243/31/94181.
346/30/94182.089/30/94181.9212/30/94182.893/31/95185.886/3
0/95188.739/29/95190.2212/29/95192.363/31/96192.706/30/961
93.569/30/96195.0712/31/96196.693/31/97198.346/30/97201.07
9/30/97203.6812/31/97206.713/31/98208.586/30/98211.489/30/
98213.9912/31/98216.243/31/99219.156/30/99222.259/30/9922
4.5412/31/99228.833/31/00232.566/30/00236.799/30/00240.441
2/31/00246.373/31/01250.506/30/01254.389/30/01257.5312/31/
01261.243/31/02265.676/30/02270.949/30/02274.7812/31/0227
8.133/31/03281.516/30/03285.839/30/03293.9112/31/03298.503
/31/04305.736/30/04317.439/30/04324.2012/31/04331.673/31/0
5342.266/30/05352.589/30/05360.5712/31/05366.303/31/06370.
046/30/06373.119/30/06376.9112/31/06378.283/31/07378.036/3
0/07373.829/30/07372.6712/31/07370.003/31/08360.726/30/083
49.419/30/08346.2312/31/08348.793/31/09339.556/30/09330.57
9/30/09328.1312/31/09324.193/31/10321.306/30/10324.369/30/
10322.0112/31/10313.163/31/11307.746/30/11310.089/30/1131
1.4412/31/11308.183/31/12306.956/30/12310.919/30/12313.441

12. 2/31/12315.083/31/13320.076/30/13325.179/30/13328.0312/31/
13330.953/31/14337.366/30/14342.309/30/14345.1712/31/1434
8.633/31/15354.936/30/15360.569/30/15363.9012/31/15367.473
/31/16374.826/30/16381.469/30/16385.0612/31/16388.903/31/1
7399.516/30/17405.46
Federal Current ExpendituresFRED Graph ObservationsFRED
Graph ObservationsFederal Reserve Economic DataFederal
Reserve Economic DataLink:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionEconomic Research DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of
St. LouisFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisFederal government
current expenditures, Billions of Dollars, Quarterly, Federal
Debt Held by the Public, Millions of Dollars, Quarterly,
W013RU1Q027NBEAFYGFDPUNNot Seasonally
AdjustedFrequency: QuarterlyNot Seasonally
Adjusted**DiscontinuedFrequency: Quarterly, End of
Periodobservation_dateW013RU1Q027NBEAobservation_dateF
YGFDPUN1947-01-019.9891970-01-012808141947-04-
0110.3641970-04-012749241947-07-0110.3621970-07-
012823671947-10-019.7161970-10-012912421948-01-
019.4701971-01-012920431948-04-0110.0551971-04-
012944171948-07-0110.4801971-07-013049521948-10-
0111.4521971-10-013171181949-01-0111.6541972-01-
013209871949-04-0111.6491972-04-013149761949-07-
0111.4991972-07-013195741949-10-0111.5851972-10-
013315761950-01-0113.4551973-01-013398591950-04-
0111.2631973-04-013339321950-07-0110.2101973-07-
013328381950-10-0112.0331973-10-013394321951-01-
0112.7901974-01-013424591951-04-0114.1781974-04-
013360291951-07-0115.3801974-07-013408811951-10-
0116.1071974-10-013514571952-01-0115.6051975-01-
013712011952-04-0116.6471975-04-013879051952-07-
0117.2771975-07-014113811952-10-0118.4091975-10-

13. 014373051953-01-0117.6341976-01-014614231953-04-
0118.5311976-04-014708211953-07-0117.2801976-07-
014883271953-10-0119.3251976-10-015064451954-01-
0117.4711977-01-015242581954-04-0117.8111977-04-
015232211954-07-0116.7431977-07-015433501954-10-
0118.4851977-10-015640941955-01-0117.4881978-01-
015852331955-04-0117.5051978-04-015879391955-07-
0118.0441978-07-016035711955-10-0118.6011978-10-
016192071956-01-0117.5611979-01-016305181956-04-
0118.8091979-04-016263881956-07-0117.7711979-07-
016388361956-10-0120.3031979-10-016579681957-01-
0119.5821980-01-016671231957-04-0120.4361980-04-
016827101957-07-0120.1861980-07-017099581957-10-
0121.7321980-10-017377461958-01-0120.6611981-01-
017736761958-04-0121.9611981-04-017712551958-07-
0122.0441981-07-017897991958-10-0123.4241981-10-
018255091959-01-0121.6531982-01-018588881959-04-
0122.8831982-04-018679161959-07-0122.8331982-07-
019256311959-10-0123.1171982-10-019877191960-01-
0122.3031983-01-0110433391960-04-0123.3481983-04-
0110902911960-07-0123.4281983-07-0111381881960-10-
0124.2901983-10-0111744251961-01-0124.0131984-01-
0112238981961-04-0125.5841984-04-0112551001961-07-
0124.2791984-07-0113091831961-10-0125.9081984-10-
0113733661962-01-0126.1991985-01-0114152321962-04-
0127.4081985-04-0114604841962-07-0126.8911985-07-
0115065581962-10-0128.0311985-10-0115970831963-01-
0127.7011986-01-0116342591963-04-0127.9791986-04-
0116849391963-07-0129.1471986-07-0117424451963-10-
0128.6291986-10-0118117441964-01-0128.7371987-01-
0118392711964-04-0129.9171987-04-0118711501964-07-
0130.2311987-07-0118931101964-10-0129.2951987-10-
0119540651965-01-0129.3201988-01-0119967111965-04-
0130.9981988-04-0120134141965-07-0132.7611988-07-
0120517351965-10-0132.8171988-10-0120951791966-01-
0133.1421989-01-0121334191966-04-0135.4901989-04-

14. 0121421221966-07-0138.2521989-07-0121807261966-10-
0137.4591989-10-0122451711967-01-0139.8071990-01-
0123292641967-04-0141.0413/30/9023687721967-07-
0142.4176/29/9024375511967-10-
0142.4799/28/9025365451968-01-
0143.40112/31/9025983511968-04-
0146.6923/29/9126428631968-07-
0146.8736/28/9127457291968-10-
0147.3459/30/9128330341969-01-
0145.91912/31/9129176301969-04-
0149.4153/31/9229767741969-07-
0151.5176/30/9230482911969-10-
0150.0929/30/9231293081970-01-
0150.68412/31/9231875561970-04-
0155.7053/31/9332522851970-07-
0157.4286/30/9332947961970-10-
0156.0759/30/9333821971971-01-
0157.22112/31/9334342081971-04-
0161.6853/31/9434428681971-07-
0161.2656/30/9434796521971-10-
0161.3619/30/9435431181972-01-
0164.21112/30/9436094591972-04-
0167.3583/31/9536348081972-07-
0166.6496/30/9536531991972-10-
0169.6779/29/9536842091973-01-
0170.25512/29/9537640191973-04-
0172.3763/31/9637386331973-07-
0172.6346/30/9637778081973-10-
0171.6709/30/9638259941974-01-
0175.64112/31/9638741061974-04-
0179.5163/31/9738045681974-07-
0180.1616/30/9738163811974-10-
0183.8289/30/9738467061975-01-
0189.31312/31/9738720481975-04-
0195.0903/31/9837903791975-07-
0193.1296/30/9837623331975-10-

15. 0196.2769/30/9837873911976-01-
0199.39712/31/9837945491976-04-
0199.0753/31/9936851671976-07-
01100.5626/30/9936675971976-10-
01103.4099/30/9937155311977-01-
01105.64512/31/9936879741977-04-
01107.1803/31/0034957131977-07-
01109.4726/30/0034384161977-10-
01113.4809/30/0034135411978-01-
01117.26012/31/0034343861978-04-
01119.6953/31/0132741761978-07-
01121.1946/30/0133387071978-10-
01125.5019/30/0133937581979-01-
01128.09612/31/0134436741979-04-
01130.5613/31/0234635441979-07-
01133.8936/30/0235525881979-10-
01138.9939/30/0236473851980-01-
01147.49712/31/0237107791980-04-
01151.3813/31/0338162791980-07-
01157.1766/30/0339240451980-10-
01163.8919/30/0340440541981-01-
01172.30012/31/0341766671981-04-
01173.0983/31/0442187341981-07-
01177.5186/30/0443033661981-10-
01183.9649/30/0444063521982-01-
01189.41912/31/0445723971982-04-
01191.1853/31/0545276301982-07-
01195.7386/30/0546013781982-10-
01206.9469/30/0547146071983-01-
01208.82512/31/0548728041983-04-
01212.0623/31/0647974501983-07-
01212.0306/30/0648432081983-10-
01216.8579/30/0649012081984-01-
01222.09212/31/0650542781984-04-
01222.5843/31/0749430331984-07-
01224.0396/30/0750492421984-10-

16. 01234.7909/30/0751362881985-01-
01239.65812/31/0753340481985-04-
01241.2513/31/0852850251985-07-
01241.8666/30/0858142401985-10-
01248.5699/30/0863726511986-01-
01250.84612/31/0868363381986-04-
01259.9743/31/0971764641986-07-
01259.1386/30/0975545371986-10-
01260.6119/30/0978143591987-01-
01263.18812/31/0982942511987-04-
01263.8343/31/1086392201987-07-
01262.0356/30/1090276111987-10-
01273.6009/30/1093954111988-01-
01277.82812/31/1096565731988-04-
01277.6173/31/1197468791988-07-
01272.5886/30/11101320391988-10-
01291.7419/30/11104525031989-01-
01297.23912/31/11108763941989-04-
01299.2573/31/12110482171989-07-
01294.3046/30/12112743961989-10-
01308.3189/30/12115865601990-01-
01319.17712/31/12119224543/30/90322.1543/31/13119065736/
29/90317.9466/30/13119809789/28/90329.2729/30/1312355194
12/31/90321.67612/31/13126191993/29/91337.9313/31/1412572
0216/28/91337.1276/30/14127848099/30/91357.3009/30/141302
381812/31/91367.92212/31/14130901833/31/92368.4943/31/151
30750366/30/92366.7166/30/15131237569/30/92383.8789/30/15
1369986812/31/92382.84512/31/15139297623/31/93384.1893/3
1/16139373096/30/93383.5736/30/16141777509/30/93392.1779/
30/161443932612/31/93396.01912/31/16143744573/31/94389.6
013/31/17143708986/30/94394.4736/30/17146818279/30/94402.
88412/30/94416.0923/31/95418.5886/30/95412.2399/29/95411.
30812/29/95434.0603/31/96426.3316/30/96422.6029/30/96431.
79612/31/96443.6723/31/97438.1256/30/97430.3859/30/97446.
29612/31/97451.7663/31/98443.1996/30/98437.9379/30/98454.
13112/31/98462.6533/31/99455.0226/30/99452.5359/30/99468.

17. 58512/31/99483.8833/31/00477.2216/30/00466.9279/30/00483.
64612/31/00512.4913/31/01500.8976/30/01495.0029/30/01508.
99412/31/01538.7613/31/02531.6686/30/02526.8189/30/02543.
85412/31/02570.4503/31/03575.8676/30/03564.3549/30/03587.
26412/31/03619.3513/31/04599.2596/30/04596.2889/30/04611.
71112/31/04664.9633/31/05644.0436/30/05643.3769/30/05655.
86612/31/05711.9163/31/06688.9726/30/06681.5359/30/06682.
34612/31/06752.0543/31/07729.1266/30/07719.7879/30/07731.
84512/31/07796.1523/31/08849.1256/30/08792.4499/30/08775.
72812/31/08853.6123/31/09883.8246/30/09871.0959/30/09878.
66912/31/09982.7043/31/10929.3946/30/10925.0139/30/10934.
88612/31/101008.8073/31/11964.3656/30/11924.2509/30/11920
.82812/31/11992.2163/31/12941.6706/30/12924.6609/30/12930.
58612/31/12986.5813/31/13943.3486/30/13935.0059/30/13917.
30412/31/131013.9453/31/14966.1056/30/14972.0009/30/14949
.32412/31/141040.7163/31/15995.6816/30/151007.8269/30/159
83.82012/31/151076.1323/31/161019.8906/30/161030.9029/30/
161022.427
Mortgate Debt OutstandingFRED Graph ObservationsFederal
Reserve Economic DataLink:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisMortgage Debt
Outstanding, All holders, Millions of Dollars,
Quarterly,MDOAH Not Seasonally AdjustedFrequency:
Quarterly, End of Periodobservation_dateMDOAH1951-10-
0192435.001952-01-0194253.001952-04-0196746.001952-07-
0199215.001952-10-01101600.001953-01-01103983.001953-04-
01106947.001953-07-01109425.001953-10-01111950.001954-
01-01114085.001954-04-01117322.001954-07-
01120757.001954-10-01124713.001955-01-01128671.001955-
04-01133115.001955-07-01137348.001955-10-
01141566.001956-01-01145393.001956-04-01149832.001956-
07-01153816.001956-10-01157459.001957-01-
01160751.001957-04-01164000.001957-07-01167673.001957-
10-01171028.001958-01-01173967.001958-04-

18. 01177934.001958-07-01182578.001958-10-01187790.001959-
01-01192148.001959-04-01197869.001959-07-
01203345.001959-10-01208399.001960-01-01212520.001960-
04-01217322.001960-07-01222388.001960-10-
01227078.001961-01-01231202.001961-04-01236433.001961-
07-01242158.001961-10-01248570.001962-01-
01252928.001962-04-01259010.001962-07-01265138.001962-
10-01271837.001963-01-01276711.001963-04-
01283720.001963-07-01290691.001963-10-01297560.001964-
01-01302964.001964-04-01309847.001964-07-
01317110.001964-10-01324179.001965-01-01329407.001965-
04-01336146.001965-07-01342763.001965-10-
01349516.001966-01-01356093.001966-04-01363471.001966-
07-01369165.001966-10-01373695.001967-01-
01376934.001967-04-01382135.001967-07-01389396.001967-
10-01396864.001968-01-01402736.001968-04-
01409458.001968-07-01417114.001968-10-01424519.001969-
01-01428741.001969-04-01435471.001969-07-
01443256.001969-10-01450484.001970-01-01462501.001970-
04-01477510.001970-07-01489121.001970-10-
01498474.001971-01-01505427.001971-04-01518665.001971-
07-01531816.001971-10-01544519.001972-01-
01558457.001972-04-01577837.001972-07-01597379.001972-
10-01618238.001973-01-01633414.001973-04-
01656595.001973-07-01676968.001973-10-01694158.001974-
01-01709349.001974-04-01735651.001974-07-
01752515.001974-10-01766211.001975-01-01777277.001975-
04-01794304.001975-07-01812795.001975-10-
01830219.001976-01-01848142.001976-04-01869199.001976-
07-01893721.001976-10-01917531.001977-01-
01941241.001977-04-01975021.001977-07-011012779.001977-
10-011049728.001978-01-011079195.001978-04-
011121598.001978-07-011164686.001978-10-
011206753.001979-01-011244696.001979-04-
011292173.001979-07-011341705.001979-10-
011380989.001980-01-011424453.001980-04-

19. 011452176.001980-07-011490793.001980-10-
011528182.001981-01-011557044.001981-04-
011597278.001981-07-011631700.001981-10-
011654571.001982-01-011674397.001982-04-
011703748.001982-07-011715747.001982-10-
011741373.001983-01-011774530.001983-04-
011826293.001983-07-011888400.001983-10-
011942425.001984-01-011997351.251984-04-
012067511.841984-07-012131849.971984-10-
012178267.591985-01-012244940.081985-04-
012312105.111985-07-012380289.181985-10-
012439916.331986-01-012485698.131986-04-
012560817.511986-07-012646283.801986-10-
012676261.341987-01-012756670.521987-04-
012846082.601987-07-012916027.811987-10-
012968816.611988-01-013037359.911988-04-
013125218.791988-07-013198206.631988-10-
013283839.861989-01-013338698.451989-04-
013408114.241989-07-013484006.881989-10-
013534490.041990-01-
013628572.653/30/903692982.456/29/903748640.429/28/90379
0044.3112/31/903834032.243/29/913898542.496/28/913901399.
189/30/913941706.0912/31/913972344.163/31/923994497.156/3
0/924032780.419/30/924052423.5912/31/924053620.093/31/934
096282.866/30/934141888.539/30/934183665.8112/31/9342071
04.833/31/944255756.146/30/944306761.229/30/944348110.201
2/30/944381017.823/31/954435710.536/30/954483824.279/29/9
54520688.5412/29/954592035.163/31/964664900.076/30/96473
3275.079/30/964801252.5712/31/964855535.053/31/974931823.
146/30/975044186.499/30/975114044.5412/31/975203350.783/3
1/985321082.916/30/985443894.569/30/985597796.8212/31/985
723273.653/31/995862012.446/30/996063091.499/30/99620388
5.4112/31/996307962.473/31/006470066.616/30/006620636.999
/30/006760939.8712/31/006844754.593/31/017051390.926/30/0
17258784.869/30/017444394.9112/31/017613928.113/31/02784
1701.816/30/028087379.159/30/028353188.8912/31/028554497.

20. 313/31/038845649.156/30/039126041.879/30/039360729.8412/3
1/039625662.053/31/049973515.526/30/0410306526.269/30/041
0641350.6012/31/0410936892.853/31/0511333190.666/30/0511
727216.169/30/0512107027.2512/31/0512512785.393/31/06129
12451.126/30/0613254938.649/30/0613517962.6312/31/061381
0606.653/31/0714106452.986/30/0714415792.759/30/07146197
27.3612/31/0714759161.673/31/0814795022.256/30/081478685
1.359/30/0814719294.3412/31/0814708243.563/31/0914659092.
536/30/0914560293.249/30/0914466001.4912/31/0914310982.6
23/31/1014194924.106/30/1014089021.119/30/1013879051.131
2/31/1013790157.763/31/1113690079.486/30/1113609179.329/3
0/1113554768.4512/31/1113473886.183/31/1213397635.766/30/
1213350413.999/30/1213320167.8712/31/1213275242.763/31/1
313275164.376/30/1313306047.449/30/1313326410.2512/31/13
13317627.663/31/1413349907.376/30/1413404829.229/30/1413
478724.4112/31/1413501995.203/31/1513611641.996/30/15137
19463.029/30/1513872256.4312/31/1513932747.493/31/161405
9228.006/30/1614218172.049/30/1614354164.4312/31/1614445
980.183/31/1714589984.58
Household Net WorthFRED Graph ObservationsFederal Reserve
Economic DataLink: https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisHouseholds and
nonprofit organizations; net worth, Level, Millions of Dollars,
Quarterly, HNONWRQ027SFrequency: QuarterlyNot Seasonally
Adjustedobservation_dateHNONWRQ027S1951-10-
011273187.01952-01-011291102.01952-04-011313211.01952-
07-011326352.01952-10-011330075.01953-01-
011340063.01953-04-011342122.01953-07-011356524.01953-
10-011377327.01954-01-011399896.01954-04-
011421473.01954-07-011457386.01954-10-011474269.01955-
01-011496153.01955-04-011531026.01955-07-
011569854.01955-10-011589611.01956-01-011632060.01956-
04-011641903.01956-07-011660173.01956-10-
011698339.01957-01-011710920.01957-04-011747847.01957-
07-011745884.01957-10-011762562.01958-01-

21. 011795389.01958-04-011822326.01958-07-011876243.01958-
10-011905935.01959-01-011925941.01959-04-
011953169.01959-07-011965743.01959-10-011998792.01960-
01-012006396.01960-04-012023550.01960-07-
012018406.01960-10-012071396.01961-01-012121582.01961-
04-012143685.01961-07-012179463.01961-10-
012234291.01962-01-012246328.01962-04-012150459.01962-
07-012188843.01962-10-012292786.01963-01-
012338559.01963-04-012370697.01963-07-012412148.01963-
10-012406537.01964-01-012453182.01964-04-
012497230.01964-07-012543232.01964-10-012586529.01965-
01-012630078.01965-04-012626202.01965-07-
012704044.01965-10-012783612.01966-01-012789869.01966-
04-012821153.01966-07-012791239.01966-10-
012881031.01967-01-012987295.01967-04-013026502.01967-
07-013112763.01967-10-013178505.01968-01-
013198291.01968-04-013337318.01968-07-013399146.01968-
10-013567685.01969-01-013584111.01969-04-
013590048.01969-07-013610307.01969-10-013627816.01970-
01-013652343.01970-04-013581415.01970-07-
013710799.01970-10-013836067.01971-01-013998542.01971-
04-014068893.01971-07-014125463.01971-10-
014244678.01972-01-014400963.01972-04-014461659.01972-
07-014583657.01972-10-014827055.01973-01-
014850892.01973-04-014888988.01973-07-015073025.01973-
10-015033419.01974-01-015064247.01974-04-
015045694.01974-07-014993019.01974-10-015138261.01975-
01-015396125.01975-04-015631860.01975-07-
015613405.01975-10-015778999.01976-01-015984095.01976-
04-016159221.01976-07-016272072.01976-10-
016437125.01977-01-016540422.01977-04-016721721.01977-
07-016859045.01977-10-017015732.01978-01-
017183543.01978-04-017433588.01978-07-017680927.01978-
10-017854475.01979-01-018164853.01979-04-
018434463.01979-07-018718116.01979-10-018994911.01980-
01-019180894.01980-04-019533201.01980-07-

22. 019938075.01980-10-0110276773.01981-01-
0110469030.01981-04-0110741773.01981-07-
0110824004.01981-10-0111133815.01982-01-
0111250572.01982-04-0111373205.01982-07-
0111599972.01982-10-0111932860.01983-01-
0112276863.01983-04-0112582850.01983-07-
0112729123.01983-10-0112813151.01984-01-
0113041858.01984-04-0113251349.01984-07-
0113579773.01984-10-0113839227.01985-01-
0114236261.01985-04-0114555486.01985-07-
0114728384.01985-10-0115215703.01986-01-
0115723051.01986-04-0116087885.01986-07-
0116227390.01986-10-0116778919.01987-01-
0117438912.01987-04-0117726346.01987-07-
0118142308.01987-10-0117991749.01988-01-
0118466582.01988-04-0118868758.01988-07-
0119160064.01988-10-0119644118.01989-01-
0120084630.01989-04-0120491052.01989-07-
0121042216.01989-10-0121406861.01990-01-
0121521478.03/30/9021752807.06/29/9021513666.09/28/90219
63685.012/31/9022589532.03/29/9122608903.06/28/912285743
4.09/30/9123436274.012/31/9123505308.03/31/9223563597.06/
30/9223868839.09/30/9224467107.012/31/9224804703.03/31/93
25068991.06/30/9325417993.09/30/9325852224.012/31/932600
2615.03/31/9426182739.06/30/9426530278.09/30/9426782212.0
12/30/9427352510.03/31/9527911844.06/30/9528566831.09/29/
9529225945.012/29/9529868930.03/31/9630340234.06/30/9630
628517.09/30/9630983429.012/31/9631411622.03/31/97328337
02.06/30/9733935595.09/30/9734384612.012/31/9736185139.03
/31/9836749561.06/30/9835841024.09/30/9838248426.012/31/9
838921820.03/31/9940138456.06/30/9939897452.09/30/994302
2193.012/31/9944373672.03/31/0043992270.06/30/0044600255.
09/30/0043667437.012/31/0042809902.03/31/0144105845.06/30
/0142676651.09/30/0144237025.012/31/0144896200.03/31/0243
939003.06/30/0242554629.09/30/0243750793.012/31/02439730
87.03/31/0345876817.06/30/0346905688.09/30/0349260553.012

23. /31/0351602486.03/31/0452802468.06/30/0453719467.09/30/04
56292611.012/31/0457438104.03/31/0559033071.06/30/056075
0363.09/30/0562439279.012/31/0564944840.03/31/0664850400.
06/30/0665232982.09/30/0666732175.012/31/0667714174.03/31
/0768216046.06/30/0768011978.09/30/0766738155.012/31/0764
284680.03/31/0862894134.06/30/0860736703.09/30/085641832
4.012/31/0855139938.03/31/0956068327.06/30/0957479484.09/
30/0958259589.012/31/0959206864.03/31/1058057677.06/30/10
59513339.09/30/1061884339.012/31/1063246114.03/31/116362
7907.06/30/1161371544.09/30/1162955679.012/31/1165522234.
03/31/1265685147.06/30/1267644175.09/30/1268768505.012/31
/1271788307.03/31/1373394564.06/30/1375820137.09/30/13785
35735.012/31/1379963834.03/31/1481592556.06/30/148182486
0.09/30/1483635097.012/31/1485370161.03/31/1586050886.06/
30/1584835248.09/30/1586695652.012/31/1587211040.03/31/16
88002627.06/30/1690228138.09/30/1692171568.012/31/169449
8047.03/31/1796195586.0
Household Credit InstumentsFRED Graph ObservationsFRED
Graph ObservationsFRED Graph ObservationsFRED Graph
ObservationsFederal Reserve Economic DataFederal Reserve
Economic DataFederal Reserve Economic DataFederal Reserve
Economic DataFederal Reserve Economic DataLink:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://fred.stlouisfed.orgLink: https://fred.stlouisfed.orgHelp:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://fred.stlouisfed.org/help-faqHelp:
https://fred.stlouisfed.org/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionEconomic Research DivisionEconomic Research
DivisionEconomic Research DivisionEconomic Research
DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisFederal Reserve
Bank of St. LouisFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisFederal
Reserve Bank of St. LouisFederal Reserve Bank of St.

24. LouisHouseholds and Nonprofit Organizations; Credit Market
Instruments; Liability, Level, Billions of Dollars,
QuarterlyHouseholds and nonprofit organizations; consumer
credit; liability, Level, Millions of Dollars, QuarterlyConsumer
Loans: Credit Cards and Other Revolving
Plans,TCMILBSHNOHNOCCIQ027SCCLACBQ158SBOG All
Commercial Banks, Percent Change at Annual Rate,
Quarterly,TDSPHousehold Debt Service Payments as a Percent
of Disposable Personal Income, HNOCCIQ027SHouseholds and
nonprofit organizations; consumer credit; liability, Level,
Millions of Dollars, Quarterly, Not Seasonally Adjusted, Not
Seasonally AdjustedPercent, Quarterly, Seasonally
AdjustedFrequency: Quarterly Level, Millions of Dollars,
Quarterly, Not Seasonally AdjustedFrequency: Quarterly, End
of PeriodFrequency: QuarterlyNot Seasonally
AdjustedFrequency: QuarterlySeasonally AdjustedFrequency:
Quarterlyobservation_dateHNOCCIQ027Sobservation_dateTCM
ILBSHNOobservation_dateHNOCCIQ027Sobservation_dateCCL
ACBQ158SBOGobservation_dateTDSP1980-04-013456371951-
10-0183.451951-10-01253509/30/002.11980-01-
0110.621971980-07-013503361952-01-0184.141952-01-
012459712/31/009.71980-04-0110.705451980-10-
013580441952-04-0188.291952-04-01268783/31/0111.01980-
07-0110.464091981-01-013539021952-07-0191.271952-07-
01279656/30/018.71980-10-0110.251131981-04-013616101952-
10-0195.671952-10-01305229/30/019.81981-01-
0110.311091981-07-013719281953-01-0197.941953-01-
013090112/31/015.11981-04-0110.456381981-10-
013778821953-04-01102.391953-04-01326723/31/020.11981-
07-0110.357841982-01-013735371953-07-01104.871953-07-
01333546/30/026.81981-10-0110.422701982-04-013808871953-
10-01108.221953-10-01346149/30/0214.51982-01-
0110.503551982-07-013868151954-01-01108.051954-01-
013274412/31/023.71982-04-0110.564081982-10-
013967181954-04-01112.381954-04-01340063/31/036.11982-
07-0110.463941983-01-013919101954-07-01115.171954-07-

25. 01342426/30/03-1.61982-10-0110.419181983-04-
014038381954-10-01120.451954-10-01359639/30/031.81983-
01-0110.392251983-07-014206121955-01-01123.631955-01-
013570212/31/034.71983-04-0110.417201983-10-
014448781955-04-01130.691955-04-01387553/31/046.81983-
07-0110.421041984-01-014520101955-07-01135.991955-07-
01405436/30/043.41983-10-0110.472531984-04-014797991955-
10-01141.561955-10-01429499/30/04-4.51984-01-
0110.521991984-07-015018391956-01-01143.251956-01-
014225112/31/041.01984-04-0110.651041984-10-
015265841956-04-01148.421956-04-01442813/31/053.21984-
07-0110.756711985-01-015360231956-07-01151.721956-07-
01449786/30/051.11984-10-0110.915301985-04-015595921956-
10-01156.401956-10-01465809/30/055.11985-01-
0111.253981985-07-015859051957-01-01157.481957-01-
014524212/31/051.91985-04-0111.343351985-10-
016105741957-04-01162.471957-04-01472233/31/064.11985-
07-0111.630491986-01-016067991957-07-01165.541957-07-
01479716/30/067.31985-10-0111.751301986-04-016278911957-
10-01168.581957-10-01492179/30/066.01986-01-
0111.772871986-07-016498881958-01-01167.641958-01-
014677512/31/063.51986-04-0111.841411986-10-
016663551958-04-01171.151958-04-01477043/31/075.31986-
07-0111.940531987-01-016443171958-07-01174.661958-07-
01479406/30/076.91986-10-0112.083091987-04-016603131958-
10-01180.371958-10-01494909/30/0710.21987-01-
0111.948301987-07-016796371959-01-01182.571959-01-
014899112/31/076.41987-04-0112.089861987-10-
016986401959-04-01189.511959-04-01518783/31/085.21987-
07-0111.959651988-01-016937321959-07-01195.611959-07-
01539186/30/084.41987-10-0111.825851988-04-017101281959-
10-01202.321959-10-01572139/30/081.51988-01-
0111.774741988-07-017258381960-01-01203.151960-01-
015575712/31/083.41988-04-0111.758591988-10-
017452061960-04-01209.911960-04-01586223/31/09-7.51988-
07-0111.713731989-01-017531931960-07-01214.461960-07-

26. 01595906/30/09-8.61988-10-0111.590061989-04-
017696171960-10-01219.861960-10-01612489/30/09-12.71989-
01-0111.579071989-07-017842071961-01-01220.581961-01-
015933912/31/09-14.41989-04-0111.746801989-10-
018092851961-04-01226.651961-04-01605973/31/10-10.71989-
07-0111.809721990-01-017923201961-07-01230.871961-07-
01610826/30/10-12.31989-10-0111.767053/30/907987121961-
10-01237.901961-10-01634359/30/10-8.01990-01-
0111.664616/29/908123021962-01-01239.141962-01-
016203812/31/10-5.43/30/9011.628379/28/908243911962-04-
01246.171962-04-01654353/31/11-
4.36/29/9011.6040912/31/908022071962-07-01252.331962-07-
01666266/30/112.79/28/9011.619633/29/918013061962-10-
01259.751962-10-01693449/30/11-
1.212/31/9011.600806/28/918025001963-01-01262.571963-01-
016893512/31/11-1.13/29/9111.462889/30/918155811963-04-
01271.961963-04-01722173/31/12-
0.36/28/9111.3523312/31/917933531963-07-01279.341963-07-
01743626/30/12-1.29/30/9111.148673/31/927923321963-10-
01288.211963-10-
01778709/30/120.412/31/9110.873076/30/928019331964-01-
01292.001964-01-
017804112/31/121.03/31/9210.692599/30/928247691964-04-
01301.511964-04-
01818123/31/132.66/30/9210.5544512/31/928072621964-07-
01308.221964-07-01841426/30/13-
1.19/30/9210.480553/31/938186621964-10-01317.131964-10-
01873529/30/132.012/31/9210.425096/30/938426681965-01-
01320.501965-01-
018764512/31/132.63/31/9310.373889/30/938861691965-04-
01329.931965-04-
01922433/31/144.76/30/9310.4275912/31/938838761965-07-
01336.671965-07-
01943916/30/144.09/30/9310.394723/31/949185801965-10-
01345.861965-10-
01974899/30/141.612/31/9310.410836/30/949599531966-01-

27. 01348.851966-01-
019709612/31/143.43/31/9410.469609/30/9410211681966-04-
01358.371966-04-
011002053/31/155.36/30/9410.6034512/30/9410245461966-07-
01362.091966-07-
011009896/30/156.39/30/9410.720873/31/9510631261966-10-
01368.391966-10-
011034229/30/157.012/30/9410.900426/30/9511095991967-01-
01368.011967-01-
0110134812/31/156.83/31/9511.100789/29/9511681601967-04-
01375.101967-04-
011041313/31/167.26/30/9511.2091612/29/9511622071967-07-
01380.911967-07-
011055446/30/165.89/29/9511.247603/31/9611965791967-10-
01402.321967-10-
011085679/30/164.912/29/9511.264696/30/9612298471968-01-
01393.701968-01-
0110727212/31/164.13/31/9611.289039/30/9612738781968-04-
01406.261968-04-
011114043/31/173.76/30/9611.3357612/31/9612541751968-07-
01413.581968-07-
011141606/30/174.79/30/9611.393513/31/9712780381968-10-
01426.691968-10-
0111932412/31/9611.345356/30/9713058051969-01-
01425.241969-01-
011188843/31/9711.349379/30/9713441651969-04-
01436.391969-04-
011236756/30/9711.3577212/31/9713240431969-07-
01441.991969-07-
011258139/30/9711.312713/31/9813677441969-10-
01453.271969-10-
0112923112/31/9711.166886/30/9814007181970-01-
01445.471970-01-
011266633/31/9811.187129/30/9814412721970-04-
01451.801970-04-
011294216/30/9811.1725212/31/9814423981970-07-

28. 01458.431970-07-
011314249/30/9811.233963/31/9914715811970-10-
01467.161970-10-
0113366012/31/9811.299496/30/9915118951971-01-
01469.641971-01-
011340723/31/9911.450989/30/9915536221971-04-
01483.061971-04-
011389126/30/9911.5772812/31/9915537651971-07-
01495.411971-07-
011434659/30/9911.567633/31/0016017711971-10-
01511.311971-10-
0114924312/31/9911.518956/30/0016670731972-01-
01518.281972-01-
011488473/31/0011.682899/30/0017412671972-04-
01537.901972-04-
011562226/30/0011.8589112/31/0017497241972-07-
01553.031972-07-
011615299/30/0012.088493/31/0117842491972-10-
01571.271972-10-
0116875712/31/0012.194126/30/0118143511973-01-
01583.241973-01-
011715283/31/0112.405909/30/0118918271973-04-
01601.751973-04-
011803986/30/0112.3366712/31/0118835161973-07-
01620.571973-07-
011866959/30/0112.632413/31/0219176441973-10-
01636.681973-10-
0119298012/31/0112.405006/30/0219516081974-01-
01640.311974-01-
011904603/31/0212.344579/30/0219970081974-04-
01660.291974-04-
011967776/30/0212.3888812/31/0219891231974-07-
01678.141974-07-
012012419/30/0212.373033/31/0320219301974-10-
01690.671974-10-
0120192612/31/0212.366586/30/0320596751975-01-

29. 01689.581975-01-
011959123/31/0312.271919/30/0321029321975-04-
01703.031975-04-
011959336/30/0312.1309512/31/0320964721975-07-
01722.471975-07-
012011839/30/0312.196553/31/0421145391975-10-
01745.481975-10-
0120699612/31/0312.167456/30/0421648751976-01-
01754.611976-01-
012049083/31/0412.106579/30/0422201191976-04-
01781.181976-04-
012131486/30/0412.2249912/31/0422049741976-07-
01806.001976-07-
012206889/30/0412.226783/31/0522323891976-10-
01833.931976-10-
0122896112/31/0412.528136/30/0522783851977-01-
01850.431977-01-
012291553/31/0512.540929/30/0523205551977-04-
01888.781977-04-
012420486/30/0512.5708012/31/0523375851977-07-
01926.591977-07-
012529539/30/0512.597663/31/0623496111977-10-
01963.921977-10-
0126489212/31/0512.580566/30/0624114411978-01-
01986.361978-01-
012669713/31/0612.671959/30/0624567161978-04-
011036.101978-04-
012845266/30/0612.7729212/31/0624401721978-07-
011083.041978-07-
012980229/30/0612.855353/31/0724769661978-10-
011124.741978-10-
0131130512/31/0612.896636/30/0725555521979-01-
011150.811979-01-
013138193/31/0712.985949/30/0726094771979-04-
011196.981979-04-
013273196/30/0713.0858612/31/0726020941979-07-

30. 011246.101979-07-
013415289/30/0713.222213/31/0826204351979-10-
011290.261979-10-
0135461612/31/0713.083286/30/0826437631980-01-
011318.061980-01-
013496623/31/0812.704449/30/0826437891980-04-
011337.441980-04-
013456376/30/0812.8136012/31/0825782591980-07-
011372.521980-07-
013503369/30/0812.789713/31/0925488671980-10-
011413.831980-10-
0135804412/31/0812.689916/30/0925587481981-01-
011425.291981-01-
013539023/31/0912.343459/30/0925550171981-04-
011461.271981-04-
013616106/30/0912.2035412/31/0924931691981-07-
011491.081981-07-
013719289/30/0911.963623/31/1024784591981-10-
011521.191981-10-
0137788212/31/0911.738926/30/1025038361982-01-
011525.011982-01-
013735373/31/1011.438649/30/1026468111982-04-
011549.541982-04-
013808876/30/1011.2381012/31/1026287861982-07-
011559.211982-07-
013868159/30/1011.065103/31/1126538311982-10-
011593.251982-10-
0139671812/31/1010.840776/30/1127034261983-01-
011584.801983-01-
013919103/31/1110.740579/30/1127577941983-04-
011634.271983-04-
014038386/30/1110.6164712/31/1127470381983-07-
011691.881983-07-
014206129/30/1110.521253/31/1227963331983-10-
011754.011983-10-
0144487812/31/1110.305806/30/1228561611984-01-

31. 011787.461984-01-
014520103/31/1210.196809/30/1229197181984-04-
011852.231984-04-
014797996/30/1210.1898212/31/1229206751984-07-
011906.271984-07-
015018399/30/129.894033/31/1329639301984-10-
011971.631984-10-
0152658412/31/1210.275376/30/1330349361985-01-
012045.971985-01-
015360233/31/1310.209529/30/1330955611985-04-
012121.441985-04-
015595926/30/1310.1589712/31/1331023671985-07-
012211.641985-07-
015859059/30/1310.170123/31/1431699811985-10-
012322.661985-10-
0161057412/31/1310.079416/30/1432488531986-01-
012346.671986-01-
016067993/31/1410.005689/30/1433174461986-04-
012414.031986-04-
016278916/30/149.9494212/31/1433226661986-07-
012498.781986-07-
016498889/30/149.889343/31/1533980541986-10-
012586.891986-10-
0166635512/31/149.932486/30/1534820151987-01-
012591.581987-01-
016443173/31/159.885769/30/1534171571987-04-
012681.701987-04-
016603136/30/159.9204512/31/1534237341987-07-
012758.141987-07-
016796379/30/159.821043/31/1634906811987-10-
012788.861987-10-
0169864012/31/159.816956/30/1635749711988-01-
012829.791988-01-
016937323/31/169.829529/30/1636452361988-04-
012915.811988-04-
017101286/30/169.8792212/31/1636418281988-07-

32. 012993.871988-07-
017258389/30/169.950423/31/1736977801988-10-
013079.791988-10-
0174520612/31/169.922196/30/1737686711989-01-
013112.501989-01-017531933/31/179.912771989-04-
013194.001989-04-017696171989-07-013269.431989-07-
017842071989-10-013347.651989-10-018092851990-01-
013404.051990-01-017923201990-04-
013475.073/30/907987121990-07-
013545.486/29/908123021990-10-
013606.619/28/908243911991-01-
013616.5612/31/908022071991-04-
013685.283/29/918013061991-07-
013734.416/28/918025001991-10-
013810.099/30/918155811992-01-
013823.1412/31/917933531992-04-
013870.793/31/927923321992-07-
013933.766/30/928019331992-10-
014012.839/30/928247691993-01-
014019.4112/31/928072621993-04-
014088.183/31/938186621993-07-
014181.076/30/938426681993-10-
014277.449/30/938861691994-01-
014307.9412/31/938838761994-04-
014390.263/31/949185801994-07-
014480.396/30/949599531994-10-
014600.099/30/9410211681995-01-
014628.0312/30/9410245461995-04-
014719.723/31/9510631261995-07-
014830.136/30/9511095991995-10-
014923.149/29/9511681601996-01-
014983.1712/29/9511622071996-04-
015082.883/31/9611965791996-07-
015176.836/30/9612298471996-10-
015276.759/30/9612738781997-01-
015317.4312/31/9612541751997-04-

33. 015415.303/31/9712780381997-07-
015522.586/30/9713058051997-10-
015620.389/30/9713441651998-01-
015674.6012/31/9713240431998-04-
015814.633/31/9813677441998-07-
015916.586/30/9814007181998-10-
016054.209/30/9814412721999-01-
016134.3312/31/9814423981999-04-
016280.053/31/9914715811999-07-
016438.906/30/9915118951999-10-
016603.189/30/9915536222000-01-
016727.9812/31/9915537652000-04-
016874.253/31/0016017712000-07-
017058.236/30/0016670732000-10-
017194.669/30/0017412672001-01-
017242.5012/31/0017497242001-04-
017444.373/31/0117842492001-07-
017690.866/30/0118143512001-10-
017822.029/30/0118918272002-01-
017947.9912/31/0118835162002-04-
018133.623/31/0219176442002-07-
018323.476/30/0219516082002-10-
018585.949/30/0219970082003-01-
018776.2612/31/0219891232003-04-
019151.873/31/0320219302003-07-
019405.666/30/0320596752003-10-
019655.009/30/0321029322004-01-
019847.3312/31/0320964722004-04-
0110163.823/31/0421145392004-07-
0110423.846/30/0421648752004-10-
0110808.409/30/0422201192005-01-
0111000.7612/31/0422049742005-04-
0111321.933/31/0522323892005-07-
0111666.636/30/0522783852005-10-
0111953.589/30/0523205552006-01-
0112311.7012/31/0523375852006-04-

34. 0112649.473/31/0623496112006-07-
0112975.126/30/0624114412006-10-
0113238.069/30/0624567162007-01-
0113417.4012/31/0624401722007-04-
0113710.463/31/0724769662007-07-
0113953.386/30/0725555522007-10-
0114156.629/30/0726094772008-01-
0114282.2812/31/0726020942008-04-
0114201.073/31/0826204352008-07-
0114324.146/30/0826437632008-10-
0114014.999/30/0826437892009-01-
0113831.2612/31/0825782592009-04-
0113797.033/31/0925488672009-07-
0113787.636/30/0925587482009-10-
0113762.529/30/0925550172010-01-
0113627.2712/31/0924931692010-04-
0113579.023/31/1024784592010-07-
0113543.326/30/1025038362010-10-
0113508.589/30/1026468112011-01-
0113455.4412/31/1026287862011-04-
0113369.373/31/1126538312011-07-
0113291.086/30/1127034262011-10-
0113296.579/30/1127577942012-01-
0113276.9512/31/1127470382012-04-
0113295.723/31/1227963332012-07-
0113266.386/30/1228561612012-10-
0113355.379/30/1229197182013-01-
0113304.6312/31/1229206752013-04-
0113326.733/31/1329639302013-07-
0113447.696/30/1330349362013-10-
0113507.599/30/1330955612014-01-
0113493.3712/31/1331023672014-04-
0113658.313/31/1431699812014-07-
0113784.216/30/1432488532014-10-
0113876.129/30/1433174462015-01-
0113855.9712/31/1433226662015-04-

35. 0113988.083/31/1533980546/30/1534820159/30/15341715712/3
1/1534237343/31/1634906816/30/1635749719/30/16364523612/
31/1636418283/31/173697081
Price IndexesFRED Graph ObservationsFRED Graph
ObservationsFRED Graph ObservationsFederal Reserve
Economic DataFederal Reserve Economic DataFederal Reserve
Economic DataLink: http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
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https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionEconomic Research DivisionEconomic Research
DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisFederal Reserve
Bank of St. LouisFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisConsumer
Price IndexConsumer Price IndexGDP Implicit Price
DeflatorCPALTT01USQ661S2010=1.0CPALTT01USQ657NUS
AGDPDEFQISMEI2010 = 100Frequency: QuarterlyCPI
Seasonally AdjustedFrequency: QuarterlyCPI Not Seasonally
AdjustedFrequency: QuarterlySeasonally
Adjustedobservation_dateCPALTT01USQ661Sobservation_date
CPALTT01USQ657Nobservation_dateUSAGDPDEFQISMEI195
5-01-010.12291955-04-010.00001955-01-0115.23241955-04-
010.12271955-07-010.49941955-04-0115.29261955-07-
010.12281955-10-010.12421955-07-0115.40101955-10-
010.12321956-01-01-0.24811955-10-0115.55371956-01-
010.12321956-04-010.87061956-01-0115.71061956-04-
010.12401956-07-011.23301956-04-0115.80461956-07-
010.12531956-10-010.60901956-07-0116.00181956-10-
010.12631957-01-010.60531956-10-0116.06841957-01-
010.12741957-04-011.08301957-01-0116.28731957-04-
010.12851957-07-011.07141957-04-0116.39961957-07-
010.12961957-10-010.23561957-07-0116.49931957-10-
010.13021958-01-011.05761957-10-0116.51061958-01-
010.13181958-04-010.81401958-01-0116.68941958-04-
010.13271958-07-010.11531958-04-0116.73631958-07-

36. 010.13261958-10-010.00001958-07-0116.83861958-10-
010.13271959-01-010.00001958-10-0116.91681959-01-
010.13301959-04-010.34561959-01-0116.96341959-04-
010.13321959-07-010.68891959-04-0116.98501959-07-
010.13391959-10-010.57011959-07-0117.05041959-10-
010.13471960-01-01-0.11341959-10-0117.11601960-01-
010.13481960-04-010.56751960-01-0117.18571960-04-
010.13561960-07-010.22571960-04-0117.23241960-07-
010.13571960-10-010.67571960-07-0117.29381960-10-
010.13661961-01-010.00001960-10-0117.34881961-01-
010.13681961-04-010.00001961-01-0117.38431961-04-
010.13681961-07-010.55931961-04-0117.42691961-07-
010.13731961-10-010.11121961-07-0117.47321961-10-
010.13751962-01-010.22221961-10-0117.53001962-01-
010.13811962-04-010.44351962-01-0117.62221962-04-
010.13861962-07-010.44151962-04-0117.65141962-07-
010.13901962-10-010.21981962-07-0117.68811962-10-
010.13931963-01-010.10961962-10-0117.72091963-01-
010.13981963-04-010.32861963-01-0117.80001963-04-
010.14001963-07-010.54591963-04-0117.82801963-07-
010.14091963-10-010.43431963-07-0117.85171963-10-
010.14131964-01-010.21621963-10-0117.99441964-01-
010.14181964-04-010.10791964-01-0118.05211964-04-
010.14211964-07-010.43101964-04-0118.09771964-07-
010.14241964-10-010.32191964-07-0118.16981964-10-
010.14311965-01-010.21391964-10-0118.25221965-01-
010.14351965-04-010.74711965-01-0118.34311965-04-
010.14441965-07-010.42371965-04-0118.42811965-07-
010.14481965-10-010.42191965-07-0118.50001965-10-
010.14561966-01-010.73531965-10-0118.62581966-01-
010.14701966-04-011.14701966-01-0118.74581966-04-
010.14831966-07-010.92781966-04-0118.90111966-07-
010.14961966-10-010.81721966-07-0119.08351966-10-
010.15081967-01-010.10131966-10-0119.24641967-01-
010.15121967-04-010.80971967-01-0119.32511967-04-
010.15211967-07-010.90361967-04-0119.42451967-07-

37. 010.15361967-10-010.89551967-07-0119.60881967-10-
010.15531968-01-011.18341967-10-0119.82511968-01-
010.15681968-04-010.97471968-01-0120.04421968-04-
010.15841968-07-011.35141968-04-0120.25671968-07-
010.16051968-10-011.14291968-07-0120.45541968-10-
010.16251969-01-011.22411968-10-0120.74531969-01-
010.16451969-04-011.67441969-01-0120.96061969-04-
010.16711969-07-011.46391969-04-0121.22921969-07-
010.16941969-10-011.44271969-07-0121.52711969-10-
010.17201970-01-011.33331969-10-0121.80341970-01-
010.17471970-04-011.66671970-01-0122.11101970-04-
010.17721970-07-011.12171970-04-0122.41981970-07-
010.17901970-10-011.36521970-07-0122.60501970-10-
010.18161971-01-010.75761970-10-0122.90271971-01-
010.18311971-04-011.08601971-01-0123.25191971-04-
010.18481971-07-011.07441971-04-0123.55881971-07-
010.18661971-10-010.49061971-07-0123.79701971-10-
010.18801972-01-010.73231971-10-0123.99521972-01-
010.18961972-04-010.80781972-01-0124.36651972-04-
010.19081972-07-010.96151972-04-0124.51541972-07-
010.19231972-10-010.95241972-07-0124.74511972-10-
010.19431973-01-011.25791972-10-0125.05951973-01-
010.19741973-04-012.25161973-01-0125.35151973-04-
010.20151973-07-012.20201973-04-0125.73721973-07-
010.20551973-10-012.30311973-07-0126.22851973-10-
010.21061974-01-012.83221973-10-0126.75101974-01-
010.21691974-04-012.82491974-01-0127.25981974-04-
010.22271974-07-013.02201974-04-0127.90651974-07-
010.22901974-10-013.00001974-07-0128.71571974-10-
010.23601975-01-011.81231974-10-0129.56121975-01-
010.24111975-04-011.52571975-01-0130.23301975-04-
010.24401975-07-012.12901975-04-0130.68341975-07-
010.24891975-10-011.59411975-07-0131.23021975-10-
010.25351976-01-010.96561975-10-0131.75211976-01-
010.25641976-04-011.25521976-01-0132.08121976-04-
010.25861976-07-011.59391976-04-0132.40581976-07-

38. 010.26281976-10-011.16211976-07-0132.82511976-10-
010.26661977-01-011.72311976-10-0133.40611977-01-
010.27151977-04-012.20211977-01-0133.94351977-04-
010.27621977-07-011.43651977-04-0134.42141977-07-
010.28011977-10-011.08931977-07-0134.84421977-10-
010.28421978-01-011.72411977-10-0135.60081978-01-
010.28911978-04-012.54241978-01-0136.13131978-04-
010.29561978-07-012.37601978-04-0136.79311978-07-
010.30251978-10-012.01821978-07-0137.40861978-10-
010.30961979-01-012.47281978-10-0138.19511979-01-
010.31741979-04-013.47491979-01-0138.87841979-04-
010.32741979-07-013.31161979-04-0139.81761979-07-
010.33801979-10-012.84421979-07-0140.66801979-10-
010.34871980-01-013.95081979-10-0141.47891980-01-
010.36241980-04-013.67401980-01-0142.34161980-04-
010.37471980-07-011.83301980-04-0143.27051980-07-
010.38171980-10-012.64001980-07-0144.26651980-10-
010.39241981-01-012.65001980-10-0145.48961981-01-
010.40331981-04-012.31591981-01-0146.62661981-04-
010.41171981-07-012.82001981-04-0147.50161981-07-
010.42311981-10-011.44351981-07-0148.35491981-10-
010.43001982-01-010.81821981-10-0149.26081982-01-
010.43381982-04-011.51731982-01-0149.95041982-04-
010.44011982-07-011.87701982-04-0150.55291982-07-
010.44771982-10-010.23881982-07-0151.28051982-10-
010.44911983-01-01-0.06811982-10-0151.85001983-01-
010.44941983-04-011.26021983-01-0152.26811983-04-
010.45461983-07-011.17731983-04-0152.62171983-07-
010.45911983-10-010.89761983-07-0153.17401983-10-
010.46361984-01-011.12031983-10-0153.56401984-01-
010.47021984-04-011.07531984-01-0154.13521984-04-
010.47461984-07-011.09611984-04-0154.59051984-07-
010.47881984-10-010.73341984-07-0155.03331984-10-
010.48291985-01-010.63311984-10-0155.40221985-01-
010.48731985-04-011.22681985-01-0156.03941985-04-
010.49181985-07-010.71471985-04-0156.38681985-07-

39. 010.49481985-10-010.89481985-07-0156.71391985-10-
010.49991986-01-010.21411985-10-0157.04121986-01-
010.50251986-04-01-0.21361986-01-0157.31931986-04-
010.50001986-07-010.73391986-04-0157.54911986-07-
010.50311986-10-010.54641986-07-0157.78051986-10-
010.50661987-01-011.11711986-10-0158.10251987-01-
010.51271987-04-011.31381987-01-0158.52461987-04-
010.51851987-07-011.14941987-04-0158.91761987-07-
010.52401987-10-010.84501987-07-0159.34491987-10-
010.52891988-01-010.60681987-10-0159.83681988-01-
010.53301988-04-011.26361988-01-0160.30681988-04-
010.53921988-07-011.33301988-04-0160.88941988-07-
010.54571988-10-011.03551988-07-0161.60691988-10-
010.55171989-01-011.10801988-10-0162.10011989-01-
010.55801989-04-011.64381989-01-0162.78321989-04-
010.56701989-07-010.80861989-04-0163.43151989-07-
010.57141989-10-010.96261989-07-0163.89251989-10-
010.57721990-01-011.72141989-10-0164.33581990-01-
010.58723/30/901.01541990-01-
0165.04573/30/900.59306/29/901.72683/30/9065.71806/29/900.
60329/28/901.62156/29/9066.30459/28/900.613512/31/900.822
79/28/9066.805212/31/900.61803/29/910.593512/31/9067.4723
3/29/910.62176/28/910.78663/29/9167.93356/28/910.62649/30/
910.75616/28/9168.43219/30/910.631612/31/910.70209/30/916
8.802612/31/910.63593/31/920.817312/31/9169.09783/31/920.6
4086/30/920.78683/31/9269.53926/30/920.64579/30/920.70976/
30/9269.86879/30/920.651412/31/920.84579/30/9270.342512/3
1/920.65613/31/930.768712/31/9270.74163/31/930.66086/30/93
0.39303/31/9371.17206/30/930.66399/30/930.69086/30/9371.60
059/30/930.669412/31/930.64039/30/9371.973112/31/930.6728
3/31/940.636212/31/9372.32283/31/940.67666/30/940.88063/31
/9472.68276/30/940.68299/30/940.47006/30/9473.07639/30/940
.686812/30/940.82429/30/9473.478912/30/940.69193/31/950.88
3812/30/9473.90023/31/950.69756/30/950.43803/31/9574.2249
6/30/950.70109/29/950.47976/30/9574.57779/29/950.704912/29
/950.91159/29/9574.946212/29/950.71113/31/960.989212/29/95

40. 75.35093/31/960.71726/30/960.53243/31/9675.63786/30/960.72
149/30/960.72026/30/9675.85109/30/960.727612/31/960.67309/
30/9676.236212/31/960.73213/31/970.396912/31/9676.70993/3
1/970.73386/30/970.39533/31/9776.91686/30/970.73749/30/970
.39386/30/9777.19269/30/970.741412/31/970.26849/30/9777.44
8712/31/970.74293/31/980.535312/31/9777.57493/31/980.7454
6/30/980.38913/31/9877.73736/30/980.74929/30/980.34686/30/
9878.02809/30/980.752712/31/980.38639/30/9878.271912/31/9
80.75553/31/990.972112/31/9878.66263/31/990.76116/30/990.6
2173/31/9978.92716/30/990.76689/30/990.61796/30/9979.2125
9/30/990.772412/31/990.99059/30/9979.575312/31/990.78013/3
1/001.059212/31/9980.18333/31/000.78626/30/000.79583/31/00
80.63736/30/000.79349/30/000.53926/30/0081.15999/30/000.79
9012/31/000.95779/30/0081.596912/31/000.80673/31/011.0434
12/31/0082.10903/31/010.81236/30/010.13143/31/0182.68896/3
0/010.81469/30/01-
0.28136/30/0182.95989/30/010.814012/31/010.35739/30/0183.2
10512/31/010.81663/31/021.086812/31/0183.47683/31/020.823
06/30/020.42633/31/0283.78836/30/020.82759/30/020.31386/30
/0284.16239/30/020.832412/31/021.01209/30/0284.617312/31/0
20.84093/31/030.364312/31/0285.13853/31/030.83956/30/030.4
9003/31/0385.41206/30/030.84589/30/030.01816/30/0385.8844
9/30/030.849012/31/030.90299/30/0386.292012/31/030.85623/3
1/041.431612/31/0387.04453/31/040.86296/30/040.35293/31/04
87.80256/30/040.86849/30/040.59776/30/0488.34229/30/040.87
7812/31/040.62929/30/0488.962312/31/040.88223/31/051.3373
12/31/0489.78633/31/050.88826/30/051.21683/31/0590.43816/3
0/050.90169/30/050.50806/30/0591.28339/30/050.910012/31/05
0.53919/30/0591.976212/31/050.91483/31/061.692412/31/0592.
69963/31/060.92306/30/060.56023/31/0693.44506/30/060.9317
9/30/06-
0.85206/30/0694.09729/30/060.927912/31/061.01929/30/0694.4
26412/31/060.93703/31/071.917312/31/0695.48713/31/070.947
66/30/070.27593/31/0796.02086/30/070.95369/30/070.71126/30
/0796.35419/30/070.965312/31/071.13689/30/0796.773412/31/0
70.97583/31/082.195312/31/0797.32613/31/080.98856/30/081.1

41. 6313/31/0897.80016/30/081.00379/30/08-
2.82856/30/0898.47079/30/080.980712/31/08-
0.49769/30/0898.609512/31/080.97403/31/091.060312/31/0898.
85433/31/090.97916/30/090.67913/31/0998.68856/30/090.9876
9/30/090.20126/30/0998.66699/30/090.995312/31/090.40149/30
/0998.960312/31/090.99693/31/100.475112/31/0999.30933/31/1
00.99656/30/100.09333/31/1099.74926/30/100.99949/30/100.29
496/30/10100.20539/30/101.007512/31/101.26489/30/10100.71
8912/31/101.01823/31/111.743312/31/10101.16383/31/111.030
06/30/110.40853/31/11101.89946/30/111.03679/30/11-
0.15216/30/11102.51579/30/111.041212/31/110.79569/30/1110
2.662812/31/111.04703/31/120.827512/31/11103.20083/31/121.
04966/30/120.21933/31/12103.67596/30/121.05429/30/120.036
06/30/12104.15569/30/121.061112/31/120.59039/30/12104.546
512/31/121.06473/31/130.541012/31/12104.92223/31/131.0643
6/30/130.37803/31/13105.20316/30/131.07039/30/13-
0.27916/30/13105.63239/30/131.074112/31/130.76129/30/1310
6.006412/31/131.07973/31/141.180912/31/13106.35813/31/141.
08626/30/140.11473/31/14106.92476/30/141.08949/30/14-
0.80346/30/14107.29259/30/141.087012/31/14-
0.54329/30/14107.335812/31/141.07863/31/151.200012/31/141
07.30746/30/150.30003/31/15108.60009/30/15-
0.40006/30/15109.000012/31/150.10009/30/15109.20003/31/16
1.200012/31/15109.20006/30/160.30003/31/16109.90009/30/16
0.20006/30/16110.300012/31/160.80009/30/16110.80003/31/17
0.500012/31/16111.40006/30/170.40003/31/17111.70006/30/17
112.3000
E-Commerce SalesFRED Graph ObservationsFRED Graph
ObservationsFRED Graph ObservationsFRED Graph
ObservationsFederal Reserve Economic DataFederal Reserve
Economic DataFederal Reserve Economic DataFederal Reserve
Economic DataLink: https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:

42. https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionEconomic Research DivisionEconomic Research
DivisionEconomic Research DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of
St. LouisFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisFederal Reserve
Bank of St. LouisFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisE-
Commerce Retail Sales as a Percent of Total Sales, Percent,
Quarterly,E-Commerce Retail Sales as a Percent of Total Sales,
Percent, QuarterlyE-Commerce Retail Sales, Millions of
Dollars, QuarterlyE-Commerce Retail Sales, Millions of
Dollars, Quarterly, ECOMPCTSAECOMPCTNSAECOMSA
Seasonally AdjustedECOMNSAFrequency: QuarterlySeasonally
AdjustedFrequency: Quarterly Not Seasonally
AdjustedFrequency: QuarterlyFrequency: QuarterlyNot
Seasonally
Adjustedobservation_dateECOMPCTSAobservation_dateECOM
PCTNSAobservation_dateECOMSAobservation_dateECOMNSA
9/30/990.69/30/990.79/30/9944489/30/99526612/31/990.812/31/
990.812/31/99581612/31/9955633/31/000.93/31/000.83/31/0065
013/31/0060716/30/001.06/30/000.96/30/0073336/30/0069029/3
0/001.09/30/001.19/30/0077669/30/00908012/31/001.112/31/00
1.112/31/00822012/31/0078893/31/011.13/31/011.03/31/018357
3/31/0178226/30/011.16/30/011.06/30/0182766/30/0177599/30/
011.29/30/011.39/30/0193079/30/011080812/31/011.312/31/011
.312/31/011000012/31/0196303/31/021.43/31/021.33/31/021075
63/31/02100806/30/021.56/30/021.46/30/02114786/30/0210766
9/30/021.59/30/021.79/30/02122279/30/021417712/31/021.612/
31/021.712/31/021279612/31/02123693/31/031.73/31/031.63/31
/03137793/31/03129906/30/031.86/30/031.76/30/03147876/30/0
3139269/30/031.99/30/032.09/30/03155859/30/031792712/31/0
32.012/31/032.012/31/031671912/31/03162103/31/042.03/31/04
1.93/31/04175103/31/04165136/30/042.16/30/042.06/30/041849
46/30/04174039/30/042.29/30/042.49/30/04196449/30/0422563
12/31/042.312/31/042.412/31/042081612/31/04201793/31/052.4
3/31/052.33/31/05222313/31/05209856/30/052.56/30/052.46/30/

43. 05236426/30/05222189/30/052.69/30/052.99/30/05243609/30/0
52816712/31/052.712/31/052.812/31/052642012/31/05255393/3
1/062.83/31/062.63/31/06273783/31/06258836/30/063.06/30/06
2.86/30/06288506/30/06269549/30/063.19/30/063.59/30/063013
79/30/063521012/31/063.212/31/063.312/31/063173112/31/063
04843/31/073.43/31/073.13/31/07334933/31/07316826/30/073.5
6/30/073.26/30/07348236/30/07324449/30/073.59/30/074.09/30/
07357929/30/074224612/31/073.612/31/073.612/31/073602512/
31/07343673/31/083.63/31/083.33/31/08365133/31/08343676/3
0/083.66/30/083.36/30/08362826/30/08335829/30/083.69/30/08
4.19/30/08330459/30/083965312/31/083.812/31/083.912/31/083
414512/31/08323533/31/094.03/31/093.63/31/09352793/31/093
29916/30/094.16/30/093.86/30/09373916/30/09345549/30/094.1
9/30/094.79/30/09381069/30/094587212/31/094.212/31/094.212
/31/093929112/31/09371083/31/104.43/31/104.03/31/10413083/
31/10385426/30/104.66/30/104.26/30/10435076/30/10401439/3
0/104.69/30/105.39/30/10450649/30/105439112/31/104.712/31/
104.712/31/104690812/31/10442173/31/114.83/31/114.43/31/11
486963/31/11453526/30/114.96/30/114.56/30/11499856/30/114
59979/30/115.19/30/115.99/30/11529849/30/116413812/31/115.
112/31/115.112/31/115489612/31/11512673/31/125.33/31/124.8
3/31/12560673/31/12519756/30/125.46/30/125.06/30/12581576/
30/12532329/30/125.59/30/126.49/30/12604399/30/127296612/
31/125.612/31/125.612/31/126202512/31/12579533/31/135.83/3
1/135.33/31/13639493/31/13598256/30/135.96/30/135.46/30/13
658046/30/13607889/30/136.19/30/137.09/30/13681799/30/138
210312/31/136.212/31/136.212/31/137049212/31/13655173/31/
146.33/31/145.83/31/14734803/31/14688586/30/146.56/30/146.
06/30/14758836/30/14703519/30/146.69/30/147.79/30/1477755
9/30/149353012/31/146.912/31/146.912/31/148034412/31/1474
9143/31/157.13/31/156.53/31/15833706/30/157.36/30/156.76/30
/15865699/30/157.59/30/158.69/30/158896812/31/157.812/31/1
57.612/31/15921823/31/168.03/31/167.43/31/16960146/30/168.
26/30/167.66/30/16998759/30/168.29/30/169.49/30/1610160612
/31/168.512/31/168.412/31/161063833/31/178.93/31/178.23/31/
171113696/30/179.16/30/178.46/30/17115345

44. Population & EarningFRED Graph ObservationsFRED Graph
ObservationsFederal Reserve Economic DataFederal Reserve
Economic DataLink: https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionEconomic Research DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of
St. LouisFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisWorking Age
Population 15 to 64Employed full time: Median usual weekly
nominal earnings (second quartile): Wage and salary workers:
16 years and over, Dollars, Quarterly,
LFWA64TTUSQ647NLES1252881500QAverage Weekly
DollarsFrequency: QuarterlyNot Seasoonally
AdjustedFrequency: QuarterlySeasonally
Adjustedobservation_dateLFWA64TTUSQ647Nobservation_dat
eLES1252881500Q1955-01-01955523331979-01-012321955-04-
01958630001979-04-012391955-07-01961050001979-07-
012431955-10-01962970001979-10-012481956-01-
01965046671980-01-012541956-04-01967193331980-04-
012571956-07-01970386671980-07-012661956-10-
01972473331980-10-012691957-01-01974553331981-01-
012761957-04-01976966671981-04-012791957-07-
01980333331981-07-012851957-10-01983730001981-10-
012921958-01-01986880001982-01-012951958-04-
01989260001982-04-013011958-07-01991600001982-07-
013031958-10-01994923331982-10-013061959-01-
01998483331983-01-013091959-04-011002023331983-04-
013111959-07-011005273331983-07-013161959-10-
011008006671983-10-013161960-01-011014806671984-01-
013211960-04-011017583331984-04-013231960-07-
011020436671984-07-013271960-10-011023503331984-10-
013331961-01-011027060001985-01-013341961-04-
011030023331985-04-013471961-07-011032706671985-07-
013451961-10-011033580001985-10-013481962-01-
011034730001986-01-013521962-04-011031246671986-04-
013581962-07-011036033331986-07-013591962-10-

45. 011041940001986-10-013651963-01-011047323331987-01-
013661963-04-011052236671987-04-013711963-07-
011057276671987-07-013771963-10-011061980001987-10-
013781964-01-011066616671988-01-013821964-04-
011070986671988-04-013821964-07-011075556671988-07-
013871964-10-011080190001988-10-013901965-01-
011084823331989-01-013931965-04-011089396671989-04-
013981965-07-011092820001989-07-014011965-10-
011096156671989-10-014061966-01-011098953331990-01-
014081966-04-011101930003/30/904121966-07-
011104923336/29/904121966-10-011107846679/28/904171967-
01-0111113600012/31/904261967-04-
011115483333/29/914231967-07-011120993336/28/914271967-
10-011125906679/30/914301968-01-
0111303833312/31/914371968-04-
011134320003/31/924381968-07-011138696676/30/924431968-
10-011144126679/30/924431969-01-
0111494966712/31/924501969-04-
011154103333/31/934571969-07-011158963336/30/934611969-
10-011164486679/30/934651970-01-
0111708233312/31/934631970-04-
011177300003/31/944671970-07-011184026676/30/944671970-
10-011190950009/30/944701971-01-
0111977800012/30/944731971-04-
011204750003/31/954771971-07-011211530006/30/954841971-
10-011218330009/29/954821972-01-
0112312033312/29/954841972-04-
011238113333/31/964881972-07-011244536676/30/964931972-
10-011250233339/30/964961973-01-
0112569700012/31/964991973-04-
011264046673/31/975021973-07-011270453336/30/975041973-
10-011276853339/30/975081974-01-
0112824700012/31/975161974-04-
011288770003/31/985181974-07-011294926676/30/985251974-
10-011300863339/30/985381975-01-
0113068133312/31/985331975-04-

46. 011312690003/31/995461975-07-011319743336/30/995511975-
10-011325836679/30/995641976-01-
0113318866712/31/995681976-04-
011337693333/31/005721976-07-011343783336/30/005791976-
10-011349290009/30/005811977-01-
0113553300012/31/005851977-04-
011361396673/31/015941977-07-011367580006/30/016011977-
10-011373140009/30/016031978-01-
0113787766712/31/016071978-04-
011384473333/31/026081978-07-011390306676/30/026081978-
10-011396220009/30/026101979-01-
0114022366712/31/026151979-04-
011407686673/31/036191979-07-011413600006/30/036211979-
10-011420373339/30/036231980-01-
0114261400012/31/036291980-04-
011431420003/31/046421980-07-011436900006/30/046351980-
10-011441350009/30/046461981-01-
0114462500012/31/046471981-04-
011450703333/31/056471981-07-011454990006/30/056511981-
10-011459253339/30/056581982-01-
0114631066712/31/056621982-04-
011466993333/31/066631982-07-011470690006/30/066781982-
10-011474560009/30/066811983-01-
0114780566712/31/066871983-04-
011481463333/31/076931983-07-011484970006/30/076981983-
10-011488433339/30/077001984-01-
0114944900012/31/077131984-04-
011497746673/31/087221984-07-011501016676/30/087241984-
10-011504736679/30/087271985-01-
0115073133312/31/087321985-04-
011510366673/31/097371985-07-011513436676/30/097421985-
10-011517206679/30/097471986-01-
0115256933312/31/097481986-04-
011528880003/31/107421986-07-011532580006/30/107461986-
10-011536456679/30/107501987-01-
0115410666712/31/107501987-04-

47. 011544856673/31/117541987-07-011548250006/30/117601987-
10-011551600009/30/117601988-01-
0115550200012/31/117641988-04-
011558390003/31/127721988-07-011562056676/30/127661988-
10-011564563339/30/127711989-01-
0115681666712/31/127681989-04-
011570600003/31/137771989-07-011573810006/30/137791989-
10-011576276679/30/137821990-01-
0115944733312/31/137903/30/901597223333/31/147826/29/901
600453336/30/147999/28/901604540009/30/1479412/31/901607
1966712/31/148013/29/911610263333/31/158046/28/911613640
006/30/158119/30/911617886679/30/1582012/31/911620746671
2/31/158233/31/921623690003/31/168286/30/921628010006/30/
168359/30/921632616679/30/1684312/31/9216360933312/31/16
8553/31/931639560003/31/178636/30/931643850006/30/178689
/30/9316486433312/31/931652340003/31/941655823336/30/941
659513339/30/9416643933312/30/941665826673/31/951669036
676/30/951673063339/29/9516775333312/29/951680930003/31/
961686070006/30/961690813339/30/9616957566712/31/961704
580003/31/971709240006/30/971713433339/30/9717185100012
/31/971722336673/31/981727283336/30/981731833339/30/9817
378533312/31/981745076673/31/991749880006/30/9917548000
09/30/9917610066712/31/991782743333/31/001787893336/30/0
01793996679/30/0017997766712/31/001804993333/31/0118107
43336/30/011817710009/30/0118233800012/31/011828980003/
31/021834480006/30/021840920009/30/0218460900012/31/021
859833333/31/031865863336/30/031872236679/30/0318786433
312/31/031878923333/31/041884343336/30/041890236679/30/0
418964200012/31/041901126673/31/051906643336/30/0519128
86679/30/0519199100012/31/051923576673/31/061928760006/
30/061934900009/30/0619408200012/31/061948676673/31/071
953526676/30/071959183339/30/0719641733312/31/071959396
673/31/081963546676/30/081968670009/30/0819734500012/31/
081971900003/31/091975483336/30/091980326679/30/0919844
200012/31/091985483333/31/101988963336/30/101993116679/
30/1019973666712/31/101994400003/31/111998023336/30/112

48. 000876679/30/1120022566712/31/112012043333/31/122013573
336/30/122014853339/30/1220161400012/31/122019750003/31/
132021733336/30/132023710009/30/1320255100012/31/132026
766673/31/142028583336/30/142031103339/30/1420330366712
/31/142039650003/31/152039650006/30/152041390009/30/1520
444300012/31/152046200003/31/162051570006/30/1620536800
09/30/1620563600012/31/162058510003/31/172053300006/30/1
72054210009/30/17205644000
Non Financial Corp EquitiesFRED Graph ObservationsFederal
Reserve Economic DataLink:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of St.
LouisMVEONWMVBSNNCBNonfinancial Corporate Business;
Corporate Equities; Liability, Level, Billions of Dollars,
Quarterly, Not Seasonally AdjustedFrequency: Quarterly, End
of Periodobservation_dateMVEONWMVBSNNCB1951-10-
01147.631952-01-01151.461952-04-01157.611952-07-
01156.911952-10-01146.631953-01-01143.051953-04-
01133.821953-07-01129.271953-10-01144.081954-01-
01156.261954-04-01172.551954-07-01191.991954-10-
01194.841955-01-01202.121955-04-01225.531955-07-
01241.001955-10-01244.221956-01-01262.351956-04-
01252.701956-07-01246.831956-10-01268.371957-01-
01254.021957-04-01273.081957-07-01245.391957-10-
01245.751958-01-01261.321958-04-01278.571958-07-
01310.541958-10-01324.671959-01-01332.011959-04-
01346.451959-07-01339.881959-10-01362.161960-01-
01339.311960-04-01347.591960-07-01321.291960-10-
01365.171961-01-01410.351961-04-01411.561961-07-
01423.621961-10-01437.671962-01-01427.931962-04-
01326.581962-07-01345.361962-10-01424.311963-01-
01447.981963-04-01469.031963-07-01487.681963-10-
01465.781964-01-01495.031964-04-01511.091964-07-
01528.951964-10-01545.961965-01-01559.831965-04-
01539.451965-07-01587.931965-10-01623.811966-01-

49. 01606.271966-04-01581.051966-07-01523.231966-10-
01547.891967-01-01625.561967-04-01641.311967-07-
01678.591967-10-01712.221968-01-01652.731968-04-
01731.111968-07-01728.541968-10-01843.151969-01-
01803.401969-04-01774.491969-07-01743.961969-10-
01705.081970-01-01677.751970-04-01541.571970-07-
01633.471970-10-01702.191971-01-01774.491971-04-
01778.341971-07-01765.301971-10-01823.751972-01-
01871.951972-04-01874.941972-07-01893.441972-10-
011032.661973-01-01970.551973-04-01903.641973-07-
01953.481973-10-01809.381974-01-01784.171974-04-
01723.301974-07-01540.411974-10-01557.581975-01-
01684.901975-04-01791.601975-07-01701.691975-10-
01754.821976-01-01868.181976-04-01887.651976-07-
01897.281976-10-01927.301977-01-01857.001977-04-
01881.961977-07-01845.191977-10-01819.051978-01-
01773.771978-04-01833.091978-07-01895.681978-10-
01856.211979-01-01910.761979-04-01920.991979-07-
01981.001979-10-011014.631980-01-01956.761980-04-
011076.421980-07-011213.811980-10-011346.331981-01-
011350.791981-04-011315.631981-07-011135.961981-10-
011225.451982-01-011090.241982-04-011073.471982-07-
011172.611982-10-011386.271983-01-011533.581983-04-
011736.441983-07-011709.241983-10-011630.201984-01-
011527.521984-04-011455.721984-07-011542.911984-10-
011553.281985-01-011671.081985-04-011743.621985-07-
011641.751985-10-011916.911986-01-012136.801986-04-
012244.581986-07-012031.801986-10-012240.841987-01-
012708.151987-04-012783.591987-07-012944.431987-10-
012286.651988-01-012419.231988-04-012514.871988-07-
012459.281988-10-012558.081989-01-012669.421989-04-
012835.811989-07-013056.091989-10-013138.601990-01-
013005.483/30/903134.886/29/902653.609/28/902955.8112/31/
903396.443/29/913354.326/28/913536.319/30/913998.4812/31/
913908.353/31/923870.346/30/923966.359/30/924361.1812/31/
924481.793/31/934502.446/30/934628.399/30/934842.3412/31/

50. 934630.543/31/944541.836/30/944800.749/30/944796.8312/30/
945167.983/31/955594.366/30/956024.129/29/956406.7512/29/
956683.653/31/966988.166/30/967047.829/30/966781.3312/31/
966747.003/31/977895.616/30/978631.519/30/978620.6312/31/
979857.673/31/9810080.606/30/988953.799/30/9810888.2312/3
1/9811139.763/31/9912100.366/30/9911483.489/30/9914225.98
12/31/9915173.493/31/0014390.166/30/0014137.099/30/001217
3.9712/31/0010493.163/31/0111397.706/30/019378.679/30/011
0782.0512/31/0110829.603/31/029215.806/30/027525.389/30/0
28158.2312/31/027870.723/31/039199.256/30/039578.559/30/0
310797.2212/31/0310999.663/31/0411205.326/30/0410826.119/
30/0412034.5812/31/0411981.173/31/0512160.836/30/0512665.
539/30/0512654.4312/31/0513688.273/31/0613114.616/30/0613
465.159/30/0614359.4212/31/0614871.013/31/0715868.736/30/
0716114.369/30/0715477.4212/31/0714064.013/31/0813963.286
/30/0812332.009/30/089612.1712/31/088563.483/31/099957.95
6/30/0911534.969/30/0912226.1512/31/0912601.313/31/101111
2.576/30/1012464.279/30/1013902.1812/31/1014811.263/31/11
14704.416/30/1112368.359/30/1113755.8012/31/1115450.103/3
1/1214876.666/30/1215673.769/30/1215436.3512/31/1217385.8
93/31/1317612.356/30/1318743.669/30/1320455.1512/31/13209
58.053/31/1422005.526/30/1421801.639/30/1422671.9712/31/1
422919.793/31/1522572.886/30/1520584.119/30/1521579.7212/
31/1521698.253/31/1622053.946/30/1622836.089/30/1623314.9
412/31/1624539.313/31/1725306.43
Natural Rate of UnemploymentFRED Graph
ObservationsFederal Reserve Economic DataLink:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisNROUNatural Rate
of Unemployment (Long-Term), Percent, Quarterly, Not
Seasonally AdjustedNote that this is not the unemployment rate
- it does not include cyclical effectsFrequency:
Quarterlyobservation_dateNROU1949-01-015.261949-04-
015.261949-07-015.251949-10-015.251950-01-015.261950-04-
015.261950-07-015.271950-10-015.281951-01-015.291951-04-

51. 015.311951-07-015.331951-10-015.341952-01-015.361952-04-
015.371952-07-015.381952-10-015.381953-01-015.371953-04-
015.371953-07-015.371953-10-015.371954-01-015.371954-04-
015.371954-07-015.371954-10-015.371955-01-015.371955-04-
015.381955-07-015.381955-10-015.391956-01-015.401956-04-
015.411956-07-015.411956-10-015.411957-01-015.401957-04-
015.401957-07-015.401957-10-015.401958-01-015.401958-04-
015.401958-07-015.401958-10-015.401959-01-015.411959-04-
015.421959-07-015.431959-10-015.451960-01-015.481960-04-
015.491960-07-015.511960-10-015.511961-01-015.511961-04-
015.511961-07-015.511961-10-015.511962-01-015.501962-04-
015.501962-07-015.511962-10-015.511963-01-015.531963-04-
015.541963-07-015.551963-10-015.561964-01-015.571964-04-
015.591964-07-015.601964-10-015.621965-01-015.641965-04-
015.661965-07-015.691965-10-015.711966-01-015.741966-04-
015.761966-07-015.781966-10-015.781967-01-015.781967-04-
015.781967-07-015.781967-10-015.781968-01-015.781968-04-
015.791968-07-015.801968-10-015.811969-01-015.821969-04-
015.841969-07-015.851969-10-015.861970-01-015.881970-04-
015.891970-07-015.901970-10-015.911971-01-015.921971-04-
015.931971-07-015.951971-10-015.971972-01-016.001972-04-
016.021972-07-016.051972-10-016.071973-01-016.101973-04-
016.121973-07-016.141973-10-016.151974-01-016.161974-04-
016.171974-07-016.171974-10-016.171975-01-016.171975-04-
016.171975-07-016.171975-10-016.181976-01-016.191976-04-
016.201976-07-016.211976-10-016.211977-01-016.221977-04-
016.231977-07-016.241977-10-016.251978-01-016.261978-04-
016.271978-07-016.271978-10-016.271979-01-016.261979-04-
016.261979-07-016.251979-10-016.241980-01-016.231980-04-
016.221980-07-016.211980-10-016.201981-01-016.191981-04-
016.171981-07-016.161981-10-016.151982-01-016.131982-04-
016.121982-07-016.111982-10-016.101983-01-016.091983-04-
016.081983-07-016.071983-10-016.061984-01-016.051984-04-
016.051984-07-016.041984-10-016.031985-01-016.031985-04-
016.021985-07-016.021985-10-016.011986-01-016.001986-04-
016.001986-07-015.991986-10-015.991987-01-015.981987-04-

52. 015.971987-07-015.971987-10-015.961988-01-015.951988-04-
015.941988-07-015.931988-10-015.921989-01-015.911989-04-
015.911989-07-015.901989-10-015.891990-01-
015.893/30/905.876/29/905.869/28/905.8412/31/905.823/29/915
.796/28/915.779/30/915.7412/31/915.713/31/925.686/30/925.65
9/30/925.6112/31/925.583/31/935.546/30/935.519/30/935.4812/
31/935.443/31/945.416/30/945.389/30/945.3512/30/945.333/31/
955.306/30/955.289/29/955.2512/29/955.233/31/965.216/30/965
.199/30/965.1712/31/965.153/31/975.136/30/975.129/30/975.10
12/31/975.093/31/985.076/30/985.069/30/985.0512/31/985.043/
31/995.036/30/995.039/30/995.0212/31/995.013/31/005.016/30/
005.019/30/005.0012/31/005.003/31/015.006/30/015.009/30/015
.0012/31/015.003/31/025.006/30/025.009/30/025.0012/31/025.0
03/31/035.006/30/035.009/30/035.0012/31/035.003/31/045.006/
30/045.009/30/045.0012/31/045.003/31/055.006/30/055.009/30/
054.9812/31/054.973/31/064.976/30/064.969/30/064.9512/31/06
4.953/31/074.946/30/074.949/30/074.9312/31/074.933/31/084.9
36/30/084.929/30/084.9212/31/084.923/31/094.976/30/095.009/
30/095.0212/31/095.063/31/105.086/30/105.109/30/105.1112/31
/105.133/31/115.146/30/115.159/30/115.1512/31/115.133/31/12
5.126/30/125.109/30/125.0712/31/125.053/31/135.036/30/135.0
09/30/134.9812/31/134.953/31/144.936/30/144.929/30/144.8812
/31/144.833/31/154.796/30/154.779/30/154.7612/31/154.753/31/
164.756/30/164.749/30/164.7412/31/164.743/31/174.746/30/174
.749/30/174.74BLS Forecast2018-01-014.732018-04-
014.732018-07-014.732018-10-014.732019-01-014.732019-04-
014.732019-07-014.732019-10-014.722020-01-014.722020-04-
014.722020-07-014.722020-10-014.722021-01-014.722021-04-
014.712021-07-014.712021-10-014.712022-01-014.712022-04-
014.712022-07-014.712022-10-014.712023-01-014.702023-04-
014.702023-07-014.702023-10-014.702024-01-014.702024-04-
014.702024-07-014.692024-10-014.692025-01-014.692025-04-
014.692025-07-014.692025-10-014.692026-01-014.692026-04-
014.682026-07-014.682026-10-014.682027-01-014.672027-04-
014.672027-07-014.662027-10-014.65
Real Potential GDPFRED Graph ObservationsFederal Reserve

53. Economic DataLink: http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisGDPPOTReal
Potential Gross Domestic Product, Billions of Chained 2009
Dollars, Quarterly, Not Seasonally AdjustedNote that this is not
real GDP but GDP adjusted to full employmentFrequency:
Quarterlyobservation_dateGDPPOT1949-01-012011.11949-04-
012038.01949-07-012065.21949-10-012092.61950-01-
012120.11950-04-012147.31950-07-012174.71950-10-
012202.61951-01-012231.01951-04-012260.91951-07-
012291.61951-10-012323.01952-01-012355.51952-04-
012389.31952-07-012422.61952-10-012454.81953-01-
012484.41953-04-012510.51953-07-012534.31953-10-
012556.01954-01-012574.61954-04-012591.41954-07-
012607.11954-10-012622.41955-01-012638.81955-04-
012655.11955-07-012671.61955-10-012688.41956-01-
012705.71956-04-012723.21956-07-012741.41956-10-
012760.51957-01-012780.91957-04-012803.11957-07-
012826.51957-10-012850.91958-01-012876.51958-04-
012902.31958-07-012928.61958-10-012955.41959-01-
012981.81959-04-013009.01959-07-013036.91959-10-
013065.41960-01-013095.11960-04-013125.71960-07-
013156.81960-10-013188.31961-01-013219.81961-04-
013250.71961-07-013281.91961-10-013313.81962-01-
013346.41962-04-013380.81962-07-013416.41962-10-
013453.01963-01-013491.41963-04-013530.21963-07-
013569.61963-10-013609.31964-01-013648.41964-04-
013687.91964-07-013727.81964-10-013768.21965-01-
013809.31965-04-013850.31965-07-013891.91965-10-
013934.31966-01-013977.31966-04-014022.01966-07-
014067.71966-10-014114.51967-01-014162.81967-04-
014211.81967-07-014261.31967-10-014311.11968-01-
014360.51968-04-014411.01968-07-014461.31968-10-
014510.91969-01-014559.51969-04-014606.21969-07-
014651.21969-10-014694.31970-01-014734.21970-04-
014771.51970-07-014807.51970-10-014842.61971-01-

54. 014878.11971-04-014914.21971-07-014950.61971-10-
014987.31972-01-015025.31972-04-015062.41972-07-
015100.11972-10-015138.41973-01-015177.21973-04-
015218.21973-07-015260.71973-10-015304.91974-01-
015352.01974-04-015401.31974-07-015451.41974-10-
015501.71975-01-015550.81975-04-015598.31975-07-
015645.01975-10-015691.01976-01-015735.71976-04-
015779.91976-07-015824.31976-10-015869.11977-01-
015915.71977-04-015963.21977-07-016011.71977-10-
016061.31978-01-016112.21978-04-016166.01978-07-
016220.31978-10-016274.41979-01-016327.71979-04-
016379.11979-07-016428.51979-10-016475.11980-01-
016516.81980-04-016552.11980-07-016585.81980-10-
016619.41981-01-016654.61981-04-016695.01981-07-
016738.41981-10-016785.01982-01-016838.41982-04-
016893.31982-07-016950.11982-10-017007.91983-01-
017063.61983-04-017119.81983-07-017177.21983-10-
017236.31984-01-017298.31984-04-017363.31984-07-
017430.11984-10-017498.61985-01-017568.61985-04-
017639.81985-07-017711.71985-10-017783.91986-01-
017855.31986-04-017926.91986-07-017998.21986-10-
018069.31987-01-018139.81987-04-018209.61987-07-
018279.01987-10-018347.81988-01-018415.81988-04-
018483.41988-07-018550.71988-10-018617.61989-01-
018684.41989-04-018751.71989-07-018818.51989-10-
018884.51990-01-
018949.53/30/909012.66/29/909074.49/28/909134.812/31/9091
93.03/29/919249.26/28/919304.79/30/919360.112/31/919416.53
/31/929474.06/30/929532.59/30/929592.312/31/929654.53/31/9
39717.66/30/939782.39/30/939848.412/31/939916.03/31/94998
6.36/30/9410058.39/30/9410131.712/30/9410206.83/31/951028
0.76/30/9510355.99/29/9510432.512/29/9510510.03/31/961059
0.26/30/9610673.79/30/9610761.412/31/9610855.73/31/971095
5.96/30/9711060.59/30/9711169.012/31/9711281.03/31/981139
6.96/30/9811515.19/30/9811634.812/31/9811754.23/31/991187
3.86/30/9911993.59/30/9912113.012/31/9912231.13/31/001235

55. 0.96/30/0012469.59/30/0012586.212/31/0012700.43/31/011280
9.86/30/0112915.49/30/0113016.912/31/0113111.93/31/021320
2.26/30/0213289.59/30/0213374.612/31/0213459.63/31/031354
3.26/30/0313626.39/30/0313709.612/31/0313794.43/31/041388
2.06/30/0413969.99/30/0414057.812/31/0414145.53/31/051423
1.76/30/0514315.99/30/0514397.412/31/0514473.73/31/061454
5.46/30/0614614.49/30/0614681.312/31/0614746.73/31/071481
1.96/30/0714876.29/30/0714939.712/31/0715003.73/31/081506
8.36/30/0815130.99/30/0815190.412/31/0815244.83/31/091529
1.16/30/0915333.29/30/0915372.012/31/0915406.43/31/101543
9.96/30/1015473.49/30/1015508.212/31/1015549.03/31/111559
1.96/30/1115637.29/30/1115684.912/31/1115734.53/31/121578
7.06/30/1215841.89/30/1215898.612/31/1215957.43/31/131601
7.86/30/1316079.79/30/1316142.812/31/1316206.53/31/141627
2.16/30/1416338.69/30/1416405.712/31/1416473.13/31/151654
0.26/30/1516607.09/30/1516673.312/31/1516738.03/31/161680
1.36/30/1616864.39/30/1616927.712/31/1616992.23/31/171705
8.26/30/1717125.59/30/1717194.2Dept Commerce Fcst2018-01-
0117265.52018-04-0117338.52018-07-0117413.02018-10-
0117488.82019-01-0117565.22019-04-0117642.62019-07-
0117720.92019-10-0117800.12020-01-0117879.82020-04-
0117960.32020-07-0118041.52020-10-0118123.52021-01-
0118206.32021-04-0118290.12021-07-0118374.72021-10-
0118460.02022-01-0118546.12022-04-0118632.92022-07-
0118720.32022-10-0118808.32023-01-0118896.62023-04-
0118985.62023-07-0119075.02023-10-0119165.02024-01-
0119255.32024-04-0119346.02024-07-0119437.12024-10-
0119528.32025-01-0119619.72025-04-0119711.22025-07-
0119802.92025-10-0119894.82026-01-0119987.12026-04-
0120079.92026-07-0120173.02026-10-0120266.52027-01-
0120360.52027-04-0120455.52027-07-0120550.42027-10-
0120644.9
Real Disposable IncomeFRED Graph ObservationsFederal
Reserve Economic DataLink:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research

56. DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisDPIC96Real
Disposable Personal Income, Billions of Chained 2009 Dollars,
Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual RateThis RDI is
adjusted to remove the effects of inflation.Frequency:
Quarterlyobservation_dateDPIC961947-01-011312.2721947-04-
011297.3891947-07-011330.6501947-10-011311.5001948-01-
011337.3461948-04-011379.1401948-07-011401.6801948-10-
011409.5211949-01-011381.8401949-04-011388.5931949-07-
011397.4541949-10-011405.3571950-01-011513.7481950-04-
011509.1601950-07-011528.0851950-10-011537.4901951-01-
011539.2621951-04-011573.5371951-07-011591.3991951-10-
011588.5331952-01-011587.7141952-04-011607.7841952-07-
011640.1811952-10-011675.3911953-01-011695.7751953-04-
011717.8841953-07-011709.7031953-10-011703.9551954-01-
011712.6851954-04-011714.3071954-07-011732.4911954-10-
011765.6921955-01-011794.4611955-04-011833.9641955-07-
011867.7181955-10-011889.4881956-01-011908.9571956-04-
011927.0511956-07-011936.9041956-10-011966.2901957-01-
011972.1321957-04-011985.9821957-07-011996.7801957-10-
011984.8651958-01-011969.8491958-04-011982.9931958-07-
012022.9251958-10-012047.5861959-01-012065.0161959-04-
012097.9821959-07-012095.1201959-10-012110.1441960-01-
012135.2381960-04-012148.6351960-07-012152.3561960-10-
012151.5181961-01-012172.3631961-04-012205.5031961-07-
012234.8151961-10-012277.9061962-01-012299.6531962-04-
012323.8641962-07-012336.0291962-10-012356.5921963-01-
012376.7621963-04-012398.9111963-07-012425.3561963-10-
012465.0031964-01-012513.3701964-04-012580.8781964-07-
012614.2171964-10-012643.8561965-01-012674.9641965-04-
012705.3051965-07-012779.4511965-10-012835.4491966-01-
012863.5401966-04-012870.9071966-07-012905.9381966-10-
012939.5641967-01-012983.4371967-04-013006.7751967-07-
013035.0871967-10-013057.0591968-01-013109.3321968-04-
013161.2131968-07-013168.8701968-10-013190.4751969-01-
013197.0221969-04-013232.1631969-07-013300.6151969-10-
013326.4581970-01-013358.9511970-04-013398.5171970-07-

57. 013451.6601970-10-013442.9411971-01-013511.9861971-04-
013563.2271971-07-013582.1921971-10-013623.9551972-01-
013640.6271972-04-013677.7641972-07-013748.4941972-10-
013897.2471973-01-013924.9121973-04-013956.2251973-07-
013973.4011973-10-014017.0651974-01-013950.8631974-04-
013913.9701974-07-013917.7471974-10-013912.8961975-01-
013906.5251975-04-014087.8481975-07-014028.4451975-10-
014059.2341976-01-014106.8551976-04-014128.1791976-07-
014158.5851976-10-014183.3511977-01-014182.0651977-04-
014234.1871977-07-014298.9601977-10-014382.0611978-01-
014413.0341978-04-014456.6471978-07-014488.8091978-10-
014524.1561979-01-014572.2501979-04-014532.7981979-07-
014554.2491979-10-014574.2961980-01-014589.7821980-04-
014523.1121980-07-014578.3101980-10-014668.1491981-01-
014655.6231981-04-014654.5221981-07-014749.7751981-10-
014759.1311982-01-014764.8291982-04-014792.2961982-07-
014817.9941982-10-014839.6811983-01-014881.2551983-04-
014915.8941983-07-014990.0521983-10-015097.6161984-01-
015201.7851984-04-015288.2511984-07-015360.8031984-10-
015404.9461985-01-015392.0141985-04-015495.8111985-07-
015477.3631985-10-015540.3141986-01-015609.3681986-04-
015683.8771986-07-015724.1071986-10-015734.3761987-01-
015781.6301987-04-015725.5361987-07-015829.5721987-10-
015907.5111988-01-015993.6821988-04-016055.2121988-07-
016113.5361988-10-016172.5811989-01-016248.8171989-04-
016230.3631989-07-016272.8451989-10-016323.2411990-01-
016376.4683/30/906414.6406/29/906417.0379/28/906366.16812
/31/906379.7303/29/916423.8636/28/916447.2109/30/916502.3
3212/31/916641.9223/31/926711.3576/30/926740.6719/30/9267
63.81112/31/926801.7423/31/936813.6976/30/936817.7019/30/
936862.51512/31/936910.6023/31/946983.8066/30/947025.3149
/30/947122.96312/30/947190.9013/31/957207.2556/30/957271.
6519/29/957313.74212/29/957383.7173/31/967454.3016/30/967
513.7279/30/967552.88712/31/967628.6913/31/977693.9176/30
/977785.4609/30/977897.06112/31/978065.3283/31/988178.007
6/30/988261.3629/30/988328.48012/31/988403.0803/31/998423

58. .8956/30/998480.3039/30/998605.08112/31/998774.5693/31/00
8865.6216/30/008969.1579/30/008999.50112/31/009076.2233/3
1/019068.2346/30/019282.6369/30/019167.78512/31/019390.81
23/31/029438.4486/30/029426.2539/30/029471.61012/31/02949
8.0003/31/039635.5446/30/039793.4339/30/039833.02612/31/0
39904.6773/31/0410002.2646/30/0410054.9419/30/0410180.633
12/31/0410082.4923/31/0510162.2786/30/0510214.4479/30/051
0298.73912/31/0510533.9623/31/0610549.7986/30/0610579.888
9/30/0610718.36512/31/0610788.6633/31/0710809.5386/30/071
0837.8719/30/0710846.99112/31/0710925.2643/31/0811155.661
6/30/0810899.2459/30/0810969.23112/31/0810948.5023/31/091
1026.4326/30/0910905.4299/30/0910891.01412/31/0910902.018
3/31/1011043.8046/30/1011098.7579/30/1011176.15612/31/101
1312.9273/31/1111295.2336/30/1111355.0949/30/1111362.0331
2/31/1111547.7863/31/1211636.6546/30/1211630.7599/30/1211
936.12212/31/1211437.7473/31/1311504.4166/30/1311571.7329
/30/1311596.61312/31/1311720.4463/31/1411871.5136/30/1411
995.2959/30/1412169.57612/31/1412297.6423/31/1512414.1996
/30/1512470.7979/30/1512561.18712/31/1512567.6883/31/1612
627.2066/30/1612649.2329/30/1612590.84912/31/1612680.4343
/31/1712765.6046/30/1712780.616
Commercial LoansCommercial LoansFederal Reserve Economic
DataLink: http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of St.
LouisACILACBCommercial And Industrial Loans, All
Commercial Banks, Millions of Dollars, Quarterly, Not
Seasonally AdjustedFrequency:
Quarterlyobservation_dateACILACB1985-01-015824391985-
04-015795461985-07-015789261985-10-015811741986-01-
015883261986-04-015898281986-07-015795941986-10-
015976551987-01-016001281987-04-015986821987-07-
015853941987-10-015981891988-01-016037401988-04-
016112041988-07-016065461988-10-016105771989-01-
016114141989-04-016167271989-07-016219851989-10-
016261291990-01-

59. 016326673/30/906306906/29/906269759/28/9062962312/31/906
194533/29/915993046/28/915825469/30/9156870012/31/915596
383/31/925526556/30/925400259/30/9254340112/31/925386113
/31/935325246/30/935264869/30/9353731012/31/935503323/31/
945625716/30/945776029/30/9459292512/30/946293823/31/956
488326/30/956603229/29/9567679212/29/956954853/31/967040
946/30/967148049/30/9673063912/31/967530783/31/977721406
/30/977888399/30/9781619212/31/978390603/31/988754296/30/
988983769/30/9892375012/31/989646323/31/999781666/30/999
898479/30/9999675912/31/9910283093/31/0010581016/30/0010
733039/30/00109601512/31/0010795883/31/0110657716/30/011
0267279/30/01101503812/31/019881673/31/029609386/30/0293
45899/30/0291935012/31/029151963/31/039093686/30/0389938
09/30/0388775712/31/038789403/31/048901756/30/048931919/
30/0490717912/31/049300093/31/059790616/30/059951929/30/
05102169112/31/0510457943/31/0610962946/30/0611088849/3
0/06114772112/31/0611755143/31/0712191746/30/0712961659/
30/07138931212/31/0714095583/31/0814211756/30/081415579
9/30/08145029312/31/0813953253/31/0913436036/30/09125831
49/30/09118717612/31/0911645263/31/1011153546/30/1011009
049/30/10111934612/31/1011332383/31/1111640856/30/111195
2059/30/11124510312/31/1113059473/31/1213554816/30/12138
66979/30/12140099112/31/1214147673/31/1314526296/30/1314
643069/30/13149184712/31/1315275853/31/1415818186/30/141
6049549/30/14163031212/31/1416771173/31/1517232006/30/15
17467039/30/15176979612/31/1518101303/31/1618704666/30/1
618631889/30/16188447712/31/1618945863/31/1719249756/30/
171918798
PCEFRED Graph ObservationsFRED Graph ObservationsFRED
Graph ObservationsFRED Graph ObservationsFRED Graph
ObservationsFRED Graph ObservationsFederal Reserve
Economic DataFederal Reserve Economic DataFederal Reserve
Economic DataFederal Reserve Economic DataFederal Reserve
Economic DataFederal Reserve Economic DataLink:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:

60. https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Link:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2Help:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqHelp:
https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/help-faqEconomic Research
DivisionEconomic Research DivisionEconomic Research
DivisionEconomic Research DivisionEconomic Research
DivisionEconomic Research DivisionFederal Reserve Bank of
St. LouisFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisFederal Reserve
Bank of St. LouisFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisFederal
Reserve Bank of St. LouisFederal Reserve Bank of St.
LouisPCECPersonal Consumption Expenditures, Billions of
Dollars, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual
RatePCNDGC96Real Personal Consumption Expenditures:
PCNDPersonal Consumption Expenditures: PCESVPersonal
Consumption Expenditures:DHSGRC0Personal Consumption
Expenditures by Type of Product: Services: Household
Consumption Expenditures: USAGFCEQDSNAQNondurable
Goods, Billions of Chained 2009 Dollars, Quarterly, Seasonally
Adjusted Annual RateNondurable Goods, Billions of Dollars,
Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual RateServices, Billions
of Dollars, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual
RateHousing, Millions of Dollars, Quarterly, Seasonally
Adjusted Annual RateFrequency: QuarterlyFrequency:
QuarterlyFrequency: QuarterlyFrequency: QuarterlyFrequency:
QuarterlyFrequency:
Quarterlyobservation_datePCECobservation_datePCNDGC96ob
servation_datePCNDobservation_datePCESVobservation_dateD
HSGRC0observation_dateUSAGFCEQDSNAQ1947-01-
01156.28812/31/981780.2181947-01-0174.8721947-01-
0160.6951959-01-01426641995-01-011610.41947-04-

61. 01160.1583/31/991796.7661947-04-0176.8981947-04-
0161.9081959-04-01434951995-04-011613.61947-07-
01163.6676/30/991805.0801947-07-0178.6481947-07-
0163.2491959-07-01443731995-07-011616.01947-10-
01167.7979/30/991841.8341947-10-0179.9661947-10-
0164.3441959-10-01452831995-10-011594.71948-01-
01170.50012/31/991825.7011948-01-0181.5461948-01-
0165.4061960-01-01459171996-01-011601.11948-04-
01174.2723/31/001862.0491948-04-0183.1691948-04-
0167.0841960-04-01464781996-04-011621.11948-07-
01177.2046/30/001874.3051948-07-0183.4661948-07-
0168.4611960-07-01472881996-07-011614.71948-10-
01178.0609/30/001892.3391948-10-0183.6861948-10-
0169.4041960-10-01482221996-10-011626.61949-01-
01176.96612/31/001881.0401949-01-0182.7321949-01-
0169.7991961-01-01488381997-01-011625.11949-04-
01178.5833/31/011889.8221949-04-0181.8941949-04-
0170.3001961-04-01495241997-04-011644.51949-07-
01177.9456/30/011898.5741949-07-0180.2551949-07-
0170.3761961-07-01502721997-07-011645.81949-10-
01180.3909/30/011914.6591949-10-0180.9491949-10-
0171.0851961-10-01511881997-10-011657.81950-01-
01183.06512/31/011921.7361950-01-0181.4651950-01-
0172.2651962-01-01519521998-01-011647.71950-04-
01186.9533/31/021922.7071950-04-0182.7881950-04-
0174.3651962-04-01529211998-04-011675.01950-07-
01200.6536/30/021927.4301950-07-0186.6331950-07-
0176.6651962-07-01538121998-07-011675.81950-10-
01198.0909/30/021952.5561950-10-0186.6511950-10-
0178.1471962-10-01548391998-10-011695.51951-01-
01209.35612/31/021965.9671951-01-0191.9671951-01-
0181.7511963-01-01553311999-01-011703.21951-04-
01205.0903/31/031980.2961951-04-0191.4461951-04-
0182.9081963-04-01559831999-04-011704.61951-07-
01207.7586/30/032016.9691951-07-0193.1711951-07-
0184.3951963-07-01568011999-07-011725.61951-10-

62. 01211.7339/30/032030.9351951-10-0195.4541951-10-
0185.8891963-10-01577591999-10-011747.31952-01-
01213.09412/31/032046.2891952-01-0194.7621952-01-
0187.5561964-01-01584362000-01-011728.21952-04-
01217.2273/31/042052.6171952-04-0196.6001952-04-
0189.6211964-04-01592252000-04-011762.61952-07-
01219.7156/30/042068.5221952-07-0198.4741952-07-
0191.7741964-07-01601422000-07-011753.01952-10-
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