The document discusses the chemistry of candles. It explains that the combustion reaction in candles involves a substance reacting with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. The wick maintains a constant flame to allow this reaction to continue. Most candle wax is made from paraffin, a hydrocarbon. The wick is embedded in the wax to allow it to vaporize slowly and sustain the flame. The flame burns hottest at the top due to absorption of oxygen at the bottom of the flame.

1. BY DAVID FLOYD

2. REACTION IN A CANDLE
• The reaction that occurs in a candle is combustion.
• Combustion is a reaction in which a substance reacts
with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide.
• The wick maintains a constant flame so that the
combustion reaction can continue (Rohrig 5-6).
• C25H52(g) + 38O2(g) → 25CO2(g) + 26H2O(g)
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3. CANDLE COMPOSITION
• Hydrocarbons are present in all candle
waxes.
• All waxes used in candles are generally
composed of straight- chain alkanes .
• These alkanes include alcohol, ester, and
carboxylic acid chains (Roth 6).
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4. MANY USES OF CANDLES
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• Candles are used today mostly for decoration.
• Candles were one of the earliest forms of lighting.
• Candles are still used at formal events and relaxing settings to create
a warm sense of comfort.
• Candles can contain pleasant smelling fragrances that are released
during the burning of a candle.

5. The Wick of a Candle
 A candle maintains a flame by having an embedded
wick in the wax.
 The wick must be embedded in the candle so that the
wax can vaporize at a constant and slow rate.
 The candle wick is braided and coated with flame
retardant to make it burn slower.
 Without the flame retardant methods, the wick would
very quickly burn out, causing the combustion reaction
to cease (Rohrig 5).
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6. The Wax of a Candle
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• Most of the earliest candles were made from
beeswax; however, the poor often burned
animal fat as candle wax, which did not work
very well (Roth 3).
• As the wick holds the flame, the wax melts and
vaporizes into a gas.
• Most candles candle waxes today are made of
paraffin.
• The melting point depends on the length of the
parent chain with its constituents.
• Paraffin comes from petroleum.
• Paraffin is naturally colorless and
transparent in its pure form (Roth 4).

7. The Flame of a Candle
• The oxygen is absorbed by the flame
at the bottom blue section.
• The hottest part of the flame is
actually towards the top of the flame.
• Candles often get up to 1400 degrees
Celsius (Science of Candles 2).
• You can put out a candle by pinching
the flame closest to the wick without
burning your hand severely.
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8. Works Cited
 Rohrig, Brian. "The Captivating Chemistry of Candles."
ChemMatters (2007): 4-6. Print.
 Roth, Klaus, Prof., ed. Chemistry of the Christmas Candle.
Chemie in unsere Zeit/Wiley-VCH, 2 Nov. 2011. Web. 13
Apr. 2014.
<http://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/1369631/
Chemistry_of_the_Christmas_Candle__Part_1.html>.
 "The Science of Candles." National Candle Association.
National Candle Association, 2014. Web. 8 Apr. 2014.
<http://www.candles.org/candlescience.html>.