1. CHAPTER 1
Management Information Systems
1. Mobile digital platform
2. Online Software as a Service (SaaS)
3. Growth in “cloud computing”
What is an information system? A set of inter-related components that collect, manipulate, store and disseminate
(Ex. Hardware, software, networks, people, procedures and databases), and provides feedback mechanism for
management.
• Data (is what’s collected aka raw material) & information (is what’s disseminated aka the product)
 Has a goal been reached?
 Any adjustments by managers? (control)
Computer-based Information System (CBIS) components (6)
 Hardware (anything you can touch and see)
 Software (programs)
 Databases (store & manipulate data)
 Networks (communication between systems)
 People
 Procedures (how people use the information systems)
• Processes data into information
• Technology infrastructure (made up of the 6 items listed above)
Activities of an Information System
1. Feedback -> Input -> Processing -> Output
Data, Information & Knowledge
• Data: raw facts, no value for decisions
• Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves
• Knowledge: understanding information to use it to make a decision
o Knowledge + information= decision
o Knowledge worker
1. Provides other people with the information
2. Use the information
Valuable Information Is:
• Accurate (reliable, correct)
• Relevant (applies to what it is that’s being done)
• Timely (up-to-date, ready when wanted)
• Secure (confidential)
• Economical (cost effective)
• Complete (finished, everything you are supposed to have)
Quick Quiz
What information system activity captures data?
Input
What IS activity provides documents and reports?

2. Output
Which has more value for decisions, data or information?
Information
When a manager gets information when she needs it, the information is…
Timely
Feedback in an information system refers to…
Message about system performance
What are some types of business information systems? (specific)
• Transaction Processing Systems
o Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP)
• Management Information System (MIS)
o Operational Efficiency
• Decision Support Systems (DDS)
o Effective Decision-making
• Special-purpose Systems
o Expert systems (are designed to do only one specific task/thing), AI(artificial intelligence), robotics
• E-commerce, m-commerce, and e-business
Quick Quiz
What type of IS (information system) is used to capture data for an online purchase?
Transaction Processing System
Any business transaction done electronically between companies is called…
E-commerce
If it’s done via phone or smart phone?
M-commerce
What kind of IS provides management with feedback about its operations?
Management information system
Systems Development
Occurs when a new system or a modification of an existing system is needed
Occurs in phases (An Overview of Systems Development…5 steps)
1. Investigation – understand problem
2. Analysis – understand solutions
3. Design – select and plan best solution
4. Implementation – place solution into effect
5. Maintenance and review – evaluates results of solution
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Organizations and Information Systems

3. • An organization is a system
• Information systems are part of the process that add value to products and services (value chain)
• Value to a customer:
o Money the customer pays for a good or service
Competitive Advantage
• Long-term benefit to a company over its competition
• Technology can give organizations a competitive advantage
o ATMs
o Online access to products and services
o Computer-aided design (CAD)
• Never permanent
Michael Porters “five - forces model”:
1. The rivalry among existing competitors
2. The threat of new entrants
3. The threat of substitute products and services
4. The bargaining power of buyers
5. The bargaining power of suppliers
Organizations in a Global Society
• Virtual structures allow businesses to operate around the world
• Challenges to operating in a global society
o Differences in languages, customs, cultures, currency, politics, and laws
o Technology transfer issues
Performance –Based Information System (Costs vs. Benefits)
• Productivity – the measure of the output achieved divided by the input required.
Productivity= (output achieved / input required) x 100
• ROI (return on investment) – benefits generated from investment in an IS (%)
o Can be difficult to calculate
Performance-Based Information System
• Earnings growth (increase in profit)
• Market Share – percentage of sales that a product or service has in relation to the total market
• Customer awareness and satisfaction
• Total cost of ownership (TCO)
o Acquisition, support, training, end-user operations

4. CHAPTER 2
Why Know About Hardware?
• To define your own and your users’ needs
• To evaluate options
o Ask questions to invest wisely in equipment
o Guard against overspending
o Systems must be effective, efficient, suited to the tasks to be performed
Computer System Components
• Input devices
• Communication devices
• Processing device
o Control unit
o Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
o Primary storage (temporary)
• Secondary storage devices (permanent)
• Output devices
Storage Characteristics
• Memory is synonymous with storage
• Memory stores data and instructions
• It takes 8 bits or 1 byte to represent a character (these are referred to as binary digits)
• Capacity is measured in bytes
o KB = 1,000 bytes (2*10)
o MB = 1,000,000 bytes (2*20)
o GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes (2*30)
o TB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes (2*40)
Types of Semi-conductor Memory/Storage
• RAM (Random Access memory)
o Temporarily stores data & instructions (volatile)
• ROM (Read Only memory)
o Non-volatile (permanent)
Multiprocessing
• Multicore microprocessor
o More than 1 processor in a single computer
o Intel i7 chip has 4 processors
• Parallel computing
o Processors linked together to operate together

5. • Grid computing
o Collection of computers that work in parallel on a problem
o Grid may contain thousands of computers
Quick Quiz
What part of the CPU compared logical comparisons?
Arithmetic logic unit
What is a general term for machinery that assists with the input, processing and output activities of a CBIS?
Hardware
What is another term used to refer to a computer’s memory?
Storage
Secondary Storage aka Permanent Storage
• Permanently stores data & instructions until erased
• Access methods to the data
o Sequential – read and written one byte after another
o Direct – read and written in random order
• Costs much less than RAM
• Slower access than RAM
Secondary Storage Devices
• Magnetic tape (sequential access only)
o Slow access
• Magnetic disks (random access)
• SAN – Storage Area Network
• RAID – provides fault tolerancy
• Solid State Disks – SSD
o No moving parts
o Faster access
o More reliable
Secondary Storage Devices (continued)
• Optical disks (random access)
o CD-ROM, CD-RW, CD-R (740 MB)
o DVD (digital video disk)
 Recordable variety available
 4.7 GB minimum
o Blu-ray DVD
 3 x’s the capacity of a DVD
• Holographic Versatile Disk (HVD)
o Higher transfer rate
o 6TB on a single disk
 5800 CDs
 830 DVDs
 160 Blu-ray

6. • Flash Memory
o Solid state
o Portable
Quick Quiz
Which type of storage is non-volatile (not temporary)?
ROM
Which type of storage will provide the fastest access to data?
Hard disk
Are CD-ROMs magnetic or optical devices?
Optical
Input Devices
• Keyboard and mouse
• Speech-recognition
• Digital cameras
• Terminals
• Scanners
• Pen-based input
• Optical data readers
o OMR, OCR
• Touch Sensitive Screens
• Bar Code Scanners
• RFID (radio frequency id)
Output Devices
• Softcopy (temporary)
o Cathode ray tubes (CRTs)
 Image is made up of pixels
 More pixels = higher resolution
o Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
o Organic Light-emitting diode (OLED)
 Can be thinner than LCD screens
• Hardcopy (permanent)
o Printers
 Laser & inkjet are most common
o Plotters
 Blueprints, architectural drawing
• Sound
o Digital Audio Player

7. • (Windows 7…operating system) manufacturer (dell, hp, etc.) CHECK THE WEB!!
Computer System Types
• Handheld (palmtop) configuration
• Portable computers
• Thin client
• Desktop computers
• Workstations
• Servers
o Scalable
• Mainframe computers
• Supercomputers
*Choice depends on processing needs*
Quick Quiz
What is the name used to describe the low power flat screen?
LCD
Which of the following devices doesn’t belong with the others?
a)RFID
b)Plotter
c)Scanner
d)Speech Recognition
QUIZ 3/1/13 ON PG 62-76
General Facts
• Computer Programs
o Instructions for computer
• EULA
o Users do not own software
• System Software
o Controls the hardware of CBIS
• Applications Software
o Helps users solve problems
• RIA (Rich Internet Application)
o Web-delivered via the Web browser
End User Support
Software Personal Workgroup Enterprise
Systems software Personal computer Network operating Server and mainframe

8. And workstation systems operating systems
Operating systems
Application software Word processing, Electronic mail, group General ledger, order
Spreadsheet, data- scheduling, shared work, entry, payroll, human
Base, graphics collaboration resources
Operating Systems (OS)
• Control the hardware of a CBIS
• Provide an interface to application programs
• Provide a user interface to the computer system
o Access the computer system
• Loaded into primary storage at “boot up”
o Should possess a “rescue disk”
User Interface
• Command-based user interface
o Text commands given to the OS
• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
o Icons, menus, toolbars used instead of text command
Memory Management of OS
• Maximize available memory
• Speed up processing
• Support virtual memory(memory that we don’t have as primary storage but as disk storage)
o Hard disk space supplements RAM
o Programs are swapped between RAM and disk
Task Management of OS
• Allocates system’s resources for their optimal use
o Multi-tasking – more than 1 application running
o Time-sharing – more than one person using a computer at once
• Scalability
o Computer’s handling of an increasing number of users smoothly
Networking Capability of OS
• Enables users to connect to a network
o For sharing data and resources
o Increasingly used for home networks
 Windows 7 Home-Group
File Management of OS
• Allow user access to files of data and instructions in secondary storage
o Protected from unauthorized users
o Concurrent access to a file
o File statistics recorded
 Who, when, what size, where

9. Personal Computer OS’s
• Microsoft Windows (90%)
o Windows 8, 7, Vista, XP
• Apple Mac OS X v10.6
o Favorite of artists & those who work creatively
o “Techies”
• Linux
o Open source and available for free
Work Group OS’s
• Windows Server 2008
• UNIX
o Workstations, servers, mainframes
• Mac OS X Server
• Red Hat Linux
Enterprise OS’s
• Z/OS by IBM
o Mainframe OS
• HP-UX
• Red hat Enterprise Linux
OS’s for Specialized Devices
• Embedded operating systems
o Windows Embedded
 GPS’s, gaming devices, Ford Sync
• Cell phones
o iPhone OS, Android, Windows Mobile
Utility Programs
• File compression software
• Antivirus and anti-spyware
• Database archiving
• Network security monitoring
o Unsuccessful logons
• Digital Rights Management (DRM)
Quick Quiz
What term refers to instructions for a computer system?
Software
Which category of software is used to control computer hardware?
System software aka operating system
What function of the operating system allows users to connect two or more computers to share resources?
Networking
What function of the operating system allows users to run more than one application at once?
Task management

10. Types of Application Software
• Proprietary software
o Built in-house by IT staff for a specific purpose (ex. Billing)
• Off-the-shelf software
o Used as-is
Types of Application Software
• Application Service Provider (ASP)
o Customize off-the-shelf software
o Run over a network
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
o One SaaS application to many businesses
o Run over the internet
Personal Application Software
Types of Software Explanation Example
Word Processing Create, edit, and print text Microsoft Word
Documents Corel WordPerfect
Google Docs
Apple Pages
Sun Writer
Spreadsheet Provide a wide range of built-in Microsoft Excel
Functions for statistical, financial, IBM Lotus 1-2-3
Logical, database, graphics and date Google Spreadsheet
& time calculations Apple Numbers
Sun Calc
Database Store, manipulate, & retrieve Microsoft Access
Data IBM Lotus Approach
Borland dBASE
Sun Base
Graphics Develop graphs, illustrations, and Adobe Illustrator
Drawings Adobe FreeHand
Project Management Plan, schedule, allocate, & control Microsoft Project
People & resources (money, time, & Symantec On Target
Technology) needed to complete Scitor Project Scheduler

11. a project according to schedule Symantec Time Line
Financial Management Provide income and expense Intuit Quicken
Tracking and reporting to
Monitor and plan budgets (some
Programs have investment portfolio
Management features)
Desktop publishing (DTP) Use with personal computers and Quark XPress
High-resolution printers to create Microsoft Publisher
High-quality printed output, including Adobe PageMaker
Text and graphics; various styles of Corel Ventura Publisher
Pages can be laid out; art and text files from Apple Pages
Other programs can also be integrated into
Published pages
Workgroup Application Software (groupware)
• Supports collaboration among team members
o Sceduling
o E-mail
o Joint document editing & tracking
• Lotus Domino
• Microsoft Exchange
Enterprise Application Software
• Supports the needs of the entire organization
o A/R, A/P, payroll, GL, etc.
o Order entry
o Fixed asset accounting
o Human resource management
Developing Software
• Software is developed by computer programmers
o Writing code to specifications
o Programming language is used
Software Issues & Trends
• Software bugs
o Mistake/defect in a program’s code
• Copyrights and Licenses
o May have to “activate” software to fully use it
• Should you upgrade software?

12. o Is the upgrade worth it?
o Features, performance, support, cost