Essay On Healthcare Insurance

Essay On Healthcare Insurance
The United States Healthcare system is not a single payer healthcare system (Ridic, 2012).
Insurance can be provided through both private and public insurance marketplaces. Private
insurance companies include plans such as Managed Care Organizations (MCO's) that are mainly
used by employers that want to insure full time employees. There are two types of MCO's called
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO's) and Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO's) (Ridic,
2012). Public insurance companies include plans such as Medicare, Medicaid and CHIP ( (Health
Insurance Marketplace). Despite all of the health insurance options, 45 million Americans are living
without insurance (Goldman, 2005). Most of the uninsured population is either poor, unemployed ...
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The mandatory benefits that Medicaid insurance is federally required to cover include: Inpatient and
outpatient hospital services, early and periodic screening, diagnostic and treatment services, nursing
facility, home health and physician services, rural health clinic services, laboratorys and x–rays,
family planning, nurse midwife, and freestanding birth center services, certified pediatric and family
nurse practitioner services, and medical transportation (Goldman, 2005). Along with the mandatory
requirements, there is also a list of optional benefits that many states are using to expand Medicaid.
These optional benefits include: prescription drugs, physical and occupational therapy, speech,
hearing and language disorders, respiratory care, podiatry and optometry, dental, prosthetics and
eyeglasses, chiropractic, personal care, hospice and private nursing services (Goldman, 2005). States
also have the option to charge premiums and establish out–of–pocket spending for Medicaid
enrollees (CMCS, n.d.) These out of pocket costs can include co–payments and deductibles.
However, certain groups including children and pregnant women, are exempt from most out of
pocket costs. States can also charge a higher co–pay when Medicaid enrolled individuals visit a
hospital's emergency room for a non–emergency service (CMCS,
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Patient Protection, Affordable Care Act, and the Uninsured
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Uninsured:
One of the major social problems in the United States is the increasing number of uninsured people
who are among the vulnerable populations in the America. In 2008, there were approximately 46
million of non–elderly Americans without health insurance including adults and children. While this
population includes people from all age ranges, young adults account for a significant portion of
these people since they are likely to be uninsured. Moreover, many uninsured individuals are in
families with at least a single full–time worker as Hispanics excessively have the highest rates of the
uninsured. However, the huge share of this population is white Americans as compared to people
from other races. The vulnerability of the uninsured population originates from that they are less
likely to use health care services and have poor health as a result ("The Uninsured ", 2010).
Furthermore, the number of the uninsured has constantly increased every year as a reflection of the
decrease in the rate of employer–funded insurance. These rates continue to decline regardless of
increases in public coverage and the ongoing implementation of the Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act until 2014. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which is commonly
known as the health care law or Obamacare, is a federal legislation enacted in the United States in
2010 to help in lessening the number of uninsured people in the

Accountable Care Organizations
Accountable Care Organizations and The National Healthcare System | :The Next generation of
Healthcare in America |
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Accountable Care Organizations and the National Healthcare System
The Next Generation of Healthcare in America
National healthcare has been a hot button issue around dinner tables in America for years. Everyone
seems to have an option on what will or will not work, how our county will afford it and what a plan
would entail. Although we are unsure of how a plan would affect the country or the average
American. Whether one is for or against the current healthcare plans that have been put in place by
our government, We can all agree that the need for a national healthcare system is due to rising
healthcare cost, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accountable Care Organizations can help curb over s spending with the use of accountability factors
that have been put in place. Because of the span of an ACO, the population it will oversee, and the
size of the group of healthcare providers overseeing the patients needs there will be an elimination
of duplicated and unnecessary healthcare service. This will also flow into their quality model of
patient care where they have put in place checks and balances to make sure that a patient medical
needs are being looked after to the highest standard, if providers do these effectively they will
receive financial incentives.
Secondly the rapid rate of uninsured Americans in the United States largely contributes to the
overall cost of healthcare as well as health insurance and every American is affected. In 2004 the
total cost of healthcare for the uninsured in the United States was (including both those without
coverage for all or part of the year) almost $125 billion and there were 44 million Americans who
were uninsured. Of the total healthcare cost accrued in 2004 by uninsured Americans
uncompensated or unpaid healthcare is estimated to be $40.7 billion dollars. The federal government
pays for over two–thirds of this by making payments to hospitals in the form of Disproportionate
share hospital (DSH) payments–payments intended to offset losses hospitals. These payments are
appropriated when hospitals incur

Vulnerable Populations: The Uninsured in the US
Vulnerable Populations The Uninsured in the U.S.: Vulnerable populations is a term that creates an
image of distinct and narrow–minded minority though the vulnerability of every individual to
illness, disease, and injury has made health insurance necessary and probable for a huge portion of
the American population. Vulnerable populations in the United States includes parents and children
of immigrants, race/ethnic minorities, the disabled poor, the elderly, foster children, families
ineligible for welfare, prison inmates and former offenders, children with special care needs, and
residents of rural areas. However, the uninsured population has developed to become one of the
vulnerable populations in the United States because of the risks and dangers associated with the lack
of health insurance. As a result of the increased of the number of the uninsured, they have a huge
financial impact on the vulnerable population. Vulnerability of Individuals: The concept of need is
regarded as the basic point for describing vulnerability that is associated with health. The need for
treatment and preventive initiatives is partly dependent on the existing consumer demand for
healthcare services. Actually, health care has emerged as an important aspect of social altruism just
like housing, food, and pre–school education. The distribution of care services and its allocation
throughout the population has become an essential concept that has attracted special attention from
policymakers.

The United States Healthcare System Essay
Overview of the United States Healthcare System
Since the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or 'Obamacare' in 2010 and its implementation
in 2014, there has been a steady decline in the uninsured population of the United States of America.
According to recent data from the Census Bureau , the number of uninsured Americans fell from 33
million in 2013 to 29 million in 2014, a drop of about 4–percentage points. Accordingly, the ACA
has significantly reduced the number of Americans who were not able to acquire health insurance
due to poverty, unemployment, or having a pre–existing condition. Coverage achieved through
direct purchase on the marketplace, and Medicaid, accounted for the biggest gains in the health
insurance rates. Despite these gains, the Affordable Care Act is still experiencing a multitude of
challenges. For instance, some states like Texas refused to expand Medicaid eligibility for low–
income individuals below the poverty rate, undocumented immigrants not covered under the open
marketplace and Medicaid options and the increasing cost of health insurance premiums. According
to Rovner, (2016), the main objective of the Affordable Care Act was to reduce the number of
Americans without health insurance coverage. Referencing the Census Bureau, she argues that the
rate of the uninsured has dropped from 10.4% to 9.1% in the first year of implementation. Also
between 2013 and 2015,the uninsured rate dropped by 4%. The total number of uninsured

Uninsured Immigrants
The United States Homeland Security defines an Immigrant as a Permanent Resident Alien,
admitted into US as a lawful US resident and America, known for its immigrant background has a
population of 41.6 Million Immigrants by 2014 according to Migration Policy data hub, which
accounts for around 13% of the US population (US population census 2014). While the recent data
on Insurance coverage among immigrants has revealed that nearly 32 % of the population are
uninsured, the rate of uninsured native population has been 12%, either way, US still has a total of
33 Million uninsured (FAQ, Migration Policy 2014). The Center for Immigration studies has
conducted a study on 'Immigrants in the United States– A profile of foreign–born American
Population', which addresses the issues of poverty, welfare and uninsured, in addition, various
studies have noted that the reason for the high rate of uninsured among immigrants is varied. While
some prominent ones include, lack of proper education, lack of proper skill set which could earn
them insurance through employment, utter poverty and lack of Medicaid (not issued until 5 years of
migration, according to Obama Care) also unemployment and availability of private insurance only
at the marketplace. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Interestingly Few states in the US have a high influx of immigrants compared to others; this
possibly could be a reason for the high rate of uninsured. Since immigrants and their US–born
children are included in the population statistics, it is worth studying the causative effect.
Hypothesis: High rates of Immigrants in a state could be a reason for high rates of uninsured among
several other

Unit 4 Health Care Reform Research Paper
The article I choose for the Unit 4 Assignment addresses how health care reform is unfinished
business in United States. We still have many barriers to overcome if we to provide coverage and
access to everyone who cannot afford it. Since I am earning a degree in Health Information
Technology and already work in the health care industry this article is relevant to my field of study.
This is a hot topic in our country today as it seems that everyone has an opinion on this subject
whether for or against the Affordable Care Act. I am including my freewriting on this article below:
As we start the New Year another deadline begins, it is almost time to prepare our taxes. This could
mean penalties for various uninsured American citizens. The Affordable

Healthcare Crisis And Affordable Care Act
Healthcare Crisis & Affordable Care Act
During the 2008 presidential election, the issue of health care reform became a pressing issue,
mainly among the Democrats. Supporters quoted that nearly 46 million Americans were uninsured
while 25 million did not have sufficient health coverage. The costly monthly insurance premiums
led countless individuals to fully rely on government entitled programs for their health care needs.
Upon his election, President Obama made health care reform the focus of his agenda during his first
year as President.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) or Affordable Care Act (ACA) for short, is
the new health care reform law in the United States of America and is often referred to by its
nickname Obama Care. The Affordable Care Act was signed into law on March 23, 2010, to reform
health care in the United States of America. ACA is a part of the Democratic Congress and President
Obama's efforts to reform the American health care system in order to provide health insurance to
millions of uninsured American citizens and lower the expenses linked to health care. This new
health care act is one that contains various enhancements to the quality and availability, as well as
the affordability of health insurance. There have also been improvements with the new cost cutting
measures, rules and regulations for both public and private health insurance companies along with
the health care industry. Since the ACA was signed into law,

Pro And Cons Of The United States Health Care System: Paid...
The United States health care system favors the wealthy while leaving thousands of people unable to
afford medical care. The U.S. spends more than 15% of its GDP on health care, yielding advanced
medical equipment, high–tech facilities, modern medical research. Despite the high spending,
currently, 42% of US adults are uninsured or underinsured. There is a great difference between the
wealthy– who have the ability to choose their doctors, afford medicine, etc– and the poor who have
restricted choices. These limitations can even push individuals to not pay for the services they
received due to the financial inability. This type of civil disobedience can be justified because saving
a human life is a more fundamental value than the revenue earned

Universal Healthcare in the United States
The United States is known as one of the greatest world powers: however it is held back by its weak
healthcare system. As of 2010 the US healthcare system currently ranks the 37th best out of 190
countries. Before the introduction of the Affordable Care Ac in 2010, the united States had an
individual insurance market. It was the responsibility of the individual or their employer, to take
care of their healthcare costs. On top of this millions of people could be denied insurance by
different agencies due to pre–existing claims. Healthcare was expensive, but the costs were nothing
compared to the medical bills owed by an uninsured person. Universal healthcare is a basic right not
a privilege. Everyone should be given the opportunity to have health insurance no matter his or her
income. Isn't this the principle of freedom and basic right what America was based on? On half of
all bankruptcies in the United States are due to an inability to pay medical bills. These problems all
pose a question and the answer Is Universal Healthcare. The federal government has the interest of
all American citizens on its mind and universal healthcare is a perfect way of highlighting that fact.
The Affordable Care act provides low cost healthcare to the previously uninsured and guarantees
continued healthcare in the case of job loss. Many people are still opposed to this act. This new
system of universal healthcare will lead to improvements within the lives of American Citizens.
There are many

Population Impact of the Affordable Care Act
Population Impact of the Affordable Care Act on North Carolina's Uninsured In 2010 the American
government passed new health care legislation, called the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act (ACA), in order to reform the United States health care system. This health care reform opens
the door for some Americans who have never been eligible for affordable health care insurance to
obtain it beginning in 2014 (Sparer, 2011). All the states will enact this legislation but some will
limit the provision provided to their citizens (Kaiser Commission, 2013). North Carolina is one of
the states that have chosen not to enact all of the ACA's provisions (Kaiser Commission, 2013). In
this paper, I will look at health care ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although North Carolina has chosen not to expand Medicaid, other provisions of the ACA still go
into effect. The ACA will still increase insurance coverage because North Carolina residents who
currently are eligible for Medicaid but are not currently on it will now have to sign up due to the
mandate for nearly everyone to acquire insurance (Holahan, Buettgens, Carroll & Dorn, 2012). The
other advantage is a simplified Medicaid eligibility enrollment system and federal grants for
navigators to help people with understanding health insurance options (Short, 2013). North Carolina
residents will still see some benefits with the U.S. implementation of health care reform but not all
of the proposed benefits. Economic Impact on North Carolina Health Care Organizations Even
though North Carolina is not participating in the ACA's Medicaid expansion, the ACA will have an
effect on North Carolina's health care organizations. The United States' national goal is to increase
the number of people with health insurance in order to increase collective resources to pay for
needed medical care (Short, 2013). This plan will not be able to be implemented as intended in
North Carolina because of the state opting out of Medicaid expansion. However, insurance coverage
will increase with the other provision in the health care reform law (Holahan, Buettgens, Carroll &
Dorn, 2012).

Uninsured In The United States: A Case Study
In the United States, the number of uninsured continue to increase everyday with no solution. "As of
today the number of uninsured American remained at 10.9 % in the fourth quarter of 2016"
(Holahan, 2017). In today economy where unemployment is at an all time high, millions of peoples
are without insurance due to unemployment. There are also a lot of uninsured American that are
employed, that can't afford insurance. As healthcare finance administrator, it is my job to ensure
proper resource is given to patients at the physician's office and emergency Department. The
program resource I would provide to patient are Hospital care assistance programs, Financial aid for
medical treatments and Community health centers and free clinics. "In 1986,

Rationing The Rationing Of Healthcare
Rationing in Healthcare Healthcare Rationing The rationing of Healthcare in the United States exist
in many different forms. According to the medical dictionary (2002), "Healthcare rationing is the
limitation of access to or the equitable distribution of medical services, through various gatekeeper
control." Healthcare rationing takes place when a treatment is denied by a healthcare provider or
insurance company. Patients that have access to private health insurance is rationed based on the
prices of the services in which they receive and also their ability to pay. Insurance companies pre–
screen applicants that are applying for health insurance for pre–existing medical conditions and at
this time a decision is made to either decline the applicant or apply a higher price for additional
medical coverage. Individuals that receive state insurance such as Medicaid is restricted by the
applicants' income and assets limits as well as other federal and state edibility regulations.
According to Shi & Singh (2015), " Although uninsurance among adults has increased, lack of
health insurance coverage among children declined from 13.2% in 2009 to 6.5% in 2011 (CDC
2011a), mainly because of the success of the CHIP program." In March of 2010 the Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act was passed. "Without the ACA, the number of uninsured would
be 56 million (Congressional Budget Office 2012)", according to Shi &Singh (2015). The purpose
of passing this particular act was to

The Importance Of Health Care In The United States
Have you ever wonder maybe the United States health care will be rising again? Some of us might
think that the health care would bring costs down and increase access to care. Other people would
think that it would be too expensive and would reduce the quality of care. Health care can be a
financial burden to the people. People are going to think that it will be fine if the health care increase
but what they don't know is how much money the money the United States are going to spend for
the health care people.
Some of the people would say that health care would bring costs down. Uninsured people are less
likely to receive medical care and more likely to have poor health status. The cost of poor health
among uninsured people was almost $125

The Canadian Health Care System Essay
According to an overview of Canadian poll surveying public opinion on their universal health care
system, 88% of Canadians reported their value for a strong, national, and publically funded health
system (Mendelsohn, 2002). Canada is one of the four nations that provide their populations with
access to medical services through their universal health care system of 1984 (Bodenheimer &
Grumbach, 2008). The Canadian health care system is unique in that it prohibits the private health
insurance coverage for the fundamental services that are provided by the Canada Health Act; private
insurance can be used as a supplement for services that are either partially covered or not covered
under the universal health insurance (Steinbrook, 2006). Conversely, in the American health care
system there isn't a universal health coverage for the nation, but rather four different means of
paying for health care which includes patient paying out of pocket for individual payments,
individual private insurance, employment–based health insurance, and governmental supporting
funding (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2008).
The Canadian government–financed health system is a public, single payer health care system that is
funded partially by federal government and the rest is funded by provincial taxes such as income
taxes, payroll taxes, and sales taxes (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2008). Federal taxes had accounted
for 50% of financing for health care services during the 1970s; however, this had decreased to

How To Improve The Affordable Care Act
Introduction Reforming health care in the United States has been an issue that has received
significant attention for many years. There are many strong and divergent opinions on the best ways
to improve the US healthcare system. In 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was
signed into law. This was likely one of President Obama's most important acts while President, and
is often considered his signature piece of legislation. The ACA is an extensive lawthat has an effect
on many different elements of the healthcare system in the United States. Some of the primary goals
of the ACA were to increase access to care by expanding insurance coverage, to decrease the cost of
care, and to improve the quality of care patients receive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In an ideal world, this would also lead to decreased racial disparities, consistent with the goals
outlined in Healthy People 2020 (https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020). The ACA provides several
new methods of obtaining health insurance coverage. Young adults may remain covered on a
parent's health insurance plan. States have the option to expand their Medicaid programs, allowing
non–elderly adults without dependent children to obtain coverage. Individuals may purchase
affordable plans through the state or federal health insurance exchanges. Several studies have
evaluted the change in the numbers of insured and uninsured people after the ACA took effect. In
total, approximately 30 million Americans are insured by way of methods within the ACA
(Blumenthal, Abrams, & Nuzum, 2015). Of these, between 7 and 16.4 million were previously
uninsured. ACA (Blumenthal, Abrams, & Nuzum, 2015). This range is broad because different
studies have used different methodologies, and the unique timing of each study has resulted in
different estimates. The ACA appears to have helped decrease racial disparities. Minorities have
gained insurance coverage at greater rates than white Americans
(https://globalpolicysolutions.org/wp–content/uploads/2015/12/ACA–and–Racial–Disparities.pdf).
Prior to the ACA, the gap between Black and white Americans was 5.5%. As of 2014, this gap
decrased to 3.6%. The gap in insurance rates has declined for

United States Health Care System
The U.S health care system, in 2012, cost around 2.6 trillion dollars and is expected to rise to about
4.8 trillion dollars in 2021, if nothing is done to repair the issue. To further illustrate, America is the
only wealthy and industrialized country in the world to not have universal health care. Yet, many
still believe that the United States may become a communist nation if health care is provided to all.
They still believe that it will perhaps send it into an economical crisis. However, the national
government should provide universal healthcare, because it is a basic human right, tens of millions
of Americans have been left uninsured, and it is a vital part for the recovery of the economy. Many
may disagree that the national ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a matter of fact, more is spent on the current health care system than would be spent if it were
provided to all. Despite multiple counterclaims, most can be rebutted to support universal health
care.
Health care is an inalienable human right. In a presidential debate on October 7th, 2008, Barack
Obama stated that in a country as wealthy as America, people should not be going bankrupt due to
their inability to pay a hospital bill. A person who is dying of cancer should not spend their
remaining months of life worrying and arguing with insurance companies who claim that this may
be condition that has preexisted, and that they will not be paying for treatment. This describes that
health care for all is a priority because not everyone has the money to pay huge hospital bills and it
is just fundamentally wrong to see a person's life ruined and money lost, due to this issue.
Additionally, the Preamble to the U.S. constitution and Article One Section Eight describe that an
originating purpose for America is to promote the general welfare. Health care, therefore, is a basic
right in a Democratic society just as is the right to vote. Lastly, Amnesty International USA, a global
movement that campaigns to end abuses of human rights, stated that, "No one should be
discriminated against on the basis of income, health status, gender, race, age, immigration status or
other factors..." Quality health care should be provided to everyone, no matter

Uninsured Americans And The Health Care Crisis
Uninsured Americans; The effects it has on the Health Care Crisis
Imagine a life without health care insurance. The daily struggles of keeping up with your personal
health, but always afraid of what the cost would be to see the doctor. This may be a reality for many
citizens in the United States. One aspect of the Health Care Crisis in America has to deal with those
who are currently uninsured. This paper will discuss who is categized as uninsured, why people are
uninsured, what the Affordable Care Act has done to help, statistics on the uninsured in America,
what happens to those who are uninsured, a voice from inside the financial side of health care, and
what predictions can be made for the future of our country dealing with uninsured ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Affordable Care Act
Through the presidency of Barack Obama, the United States was introduced with the Affordable
Care Act (ACA). This act gives the opportunity to individuals and families a greater access to
affordable health insurance options that include medical, dental, vision, and other types of health
insurance that they may not have been applicable for previously. The cost of health care can be
extremely expensive for those who face ongoing medical issues. Through the ACA, it allows
individuals to enroll that have lost previous coverage, had a child, or got married and the list goes
on. "In 2014, Medicaid coverage had been expanded, through the ACA, to almost all adults with
incomes at or below 138% poverty in states that have accepted the expansion, and tax credits are
available for those with incomes up to 400% of poverty who purchase coverage through a health
insurance marketplace" (Garfield). After the ACA was established the uninsured rates dropped to a
historic low.
Statistics on the Uninsured Even though after the Affordable Care Act was established and the
uninsured rates went down, there were still several Americans struggling to obtain health insurance.
By the end of 2015, there were still over 28 million people in America who were ineligible for the
ACA and still fall into the category of being uninsured (Garfield). The uninsured rates of the

What Is The Problem Of Being Uninsured
One of the many rising problems in the United States is the amount of uninsured adults. The term
uninsured is used for someone who does not have insurance. Many people in the United States do
not have health insurance. An estimated number of people without health insurance was over 15
percent of the american population. People cannot get insurance because it is too expensive for
them. Many will rely on their employment to have health insurance for them. The problem with that
is that many low paying jobs do not provide insurance for the employees. So because of their low
paying job and no health insurance, they are left uninsured. People who are unemployed also cannot
afford to pay for health insurance, and often times they are the ones who

The Impact Of The Affordable Care Act On North Carolina 's...
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on North Carolina's Uninsured Population The Affordable
Care Act (ACA) 2010 is one of the most radical healthcare moves in legislation of United States
after Medicare and Medicaid. The main goals of ACA were to decrease the number of uninsured and
provide cost–effective high–quality care to all in US. According to Kaiser Family Foundation, the
potential plan of ACA was to expand coverage to 47 million nonelderly uninsured in the nation,
which included 1.6 million uninsured North Carolinians (2014). The purpose of this paper is to
review the effect of ACA on the North Carolina uninsured population, the influence of the economy
of care provided care and the ethical implications. Impact of ACA on North Carolina Population
North Carolina has the highest index of the uninsured population approximately 1.6 million. Being
uninsured has a profound impact on the health and well–being of the people. The ACA had a
significant impact on the different population categories of North Carolina. According to The
Affordable Care Act 2014, Medicaid will cover most low–income people if Federal Poverty Level
(FPL) is no greater than 138 percent (Milsted, 2013). The people that have more impact are the
children six to eighteen, working parents, nonworking parents, and childless adult. Prior to
Affordable Care Act, Medicaid was limited to a specific group of low–income individuals, such as
children less than six, pregnant women, elderly and disabled. Childless

Uninsured In The United States: A Case Study
The perspective I have about the recent efforts to help the uninsured in the U.S is it has come a long
way towards positive change since the 1950's till now. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act of 2010 (ACA)/ Obama Care, has provided the uninsured with medical insurance and access to
reduce the risk of health issue through prevention. The law expands eligibility for public insurance,
use of federal subsidies to make private coverage more affordable, new rules on insurers and
employers to make coverage more accessible, and require all Americans to have some form of
health insurance (Knickman and Kovner, 2015). The outcome of this enactment; 5 million
Americans enrolled in state Medicaid programs, 8 million received public subsidies,

Essay about The Policy Process
The Policy Process: Part I
LaSantae Drew
HCS/455
May 20, 2013
The policy process is an ongoing event according to Kronenfeld (1997). When a policy is
formulated there are two major parts; agenda setting and development of legislation. After these
stages then the implementation stage begins. The way issues emerge can bring public awareness to a
situation, such as the need for healthcare reform in the United States and eliminating the uninsured
population. There are various stages of the policy process required to address this issue which
include the formulation stage, legislative stage and the implementation stage.
Policy formulation begins with problems, possible solutions and political circumstances (Kingdon,
2009). Identifying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Truman became president after Roosevelt in 1945, and after serving two terms and attempting health
reform, Congress continued rebuffing the plan. Truman was passionate about healthcare and saw the
need for an insurance plan that would enable people to receive medical treatment when needed.
When Eisenhower took office in 1953 health reform policy continued to swirl, and in the end the
federal government rejected his plan. When Kennedy took office in 1961, he began truly to set the
political agenda in healthcare reform and believed his plan would be one of the first bills.
Unfortunately, Kennedy's agenda on healthcare reform took on special status after his assassination
in 1963. Johnson then took over the Presidential office in 1963 and in 1965 Medicare was enacted
under his administration offering healthcare coverage to senior citizens and the disabled population.
During the same time, Medicaid was also enacted, but with restrictions; still leaving many
American's without health insurance coverage. Nixon, Carter, Reagan, Bush, and Clinton followed
Johnson, each with his own ideas and solutions, none of which were implemented; every proposal
presented and each time rejected within the hands of Congress.
When a draft is proposed, only members of Congress can introduce proposed legislation (Johnson,
2003). House Resolution 676, (H.R. 676) United States National Health Insurance Act, was first
introduced in 2003 by Congress. After failing every year since

Health Care For The United States
Health care costs in the United States account for a large portion of the national expenditure.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), per capita national health
expenditures totaled $9,255 and total national health care expenditures totaled $2.9 trillion in 2013
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013).
Despite the substantial amount of money spent on health care in the United States, gaps existed in
the health insurance system that failed to provide adequate coverage to a significant proportion of
the population. The primary avenue for accessing health care is through health insurance; therefore,
those who lacked health insurance lacked access to health care. In an attempt to expand coverage to
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2013, annual premiums for individual coverage averaged $5,884 and $16,351 for family
coverage. This equated to workers spending $83/month for individual coverage and $380/month for
family coverage (Majerol et al., 2015). Despite the significant cost of health insurance for
individuals and their families, the cost of coverage offered was not linked to favorable health
outcomes. This begs the question: was it worth it for workers to spend their limited financial
resources on health care coverage?
Adults less than 65 years of age from low– or moderate–income families comprise the majority of
uninsured Americans because Medicare covers health insurance for elderly adults greater than age
65. Furthermore, adults were more likely to lack health insurance than children because Medicaid
and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provide health insurance coverage for children.
Minorities were much more likely to be uninsured than whites and the majority of the uninsured
population were native or naturalized United States citizens (Majerol et al., 2015). Non–citizens
residing in the U.S. had poor access to employer–sponsored health care coverage because they were
more likely to be employed in jobs with poor wage compensation and industries that did not offer
health care coverage. In the majority of cases, immigrants who were lawfully present in the U.S.
were considered to be ineligible for Medicaid or CHIP if they had been in

Uninsured Research Paper
The Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) had put more open doors for Americans to live healthy and
longer life. Be that as it may, few individuals are living without insurance due to monetary results.
They put their life in the danger of human services administrations. They are having less medicinal
services results, getting low quality of care than the general population who has insurance. The
proportion of uninsured and insured individuals soar by 25% in 2000. Individuals messes with
medical coverage exceptionally and disregarding it in few point in view of their financing issue and
lack of education. As indicated by Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2002), 18,000 individuals kicked the
bucket without getting a decent social insurance benefit since they were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In any case, 18–24 year–old were the main age gathering to encounter a significant decrease in the
rate without insurance over the previous year, from 29.3% in 2009 to 27.2% in 2010, which speaks
to 500,000 less youthful grown–ups without medical coverage. The Affordable Care Act permits
kids to stay on their folks arranges until age 26, and this approach produced results for protection
arrange recharges starting on September 23, 2010.
Race/Ethnicity: In 2010, three in ten people of Hispanic inception (30.7%) were uninsured. Blacks
were additionally more inclined to be uninsured, with 20.8% lacking protection, and 18.1% of
Asians were uninsured, contrasted with 11.7% for non–Hispanic whites.
Employment: Working all day improves the probability of having insurance, however one in seven
all day employee (15.0%) was still uninsured. Uninsured rates were higher among those with a
minor connection to the work compel. Over a quarter (28.5%) of low maintenance employees were
uninsured, an indistinguishable rate from among the individuals who were

Hypertension Medication
Modeling the Determinant of Access to Hypertension Medication: Using a Multinomial Logistic
Regression
ABSTRACT
The main objective of the study was to understand the general influence to people diagnosed with
high blood pressure not being able to seek help from a healthcare provider due to costs. This paper
analyzes findings from five different groups of audiences, belonging to diverse cultures and further
the relationship between income and hypertension. The results showed that lowincome individuals
were susceptible to issues of high blood pressure with focus on the effects of prescription to the
general health. Additionally, the study looked at the demographic factor –education and sex to the
patient's ability to control their hypertension. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the researches, it is common wisdom that uninsured adults reported overall health, compared
to the individuals who were enrolled in medical insurance facilities like the Medicaid. They are less
likely to report multiple health conditions. However, the reason behind the number of uninsured
individuals reporting less issues of hypertension is the fact that most of these issues go unnoticed.
These conditions were more likely undiagnosed and uncontrolled. The research found out that about
80% of the uninsured adults had an uncontrolled condition, compared to the 63.4% of the insured
adults. This shows that technically, uninsured adults had more issues with hypertension, only that
they were not diagnosed and their conditions are not

Universal Healthcare: The benefits Outweigh the Costs Essay
The United States is known as one of the greatest world powers: however it is held back by its weak
healthcare system. As of 2010 the US healthcare system currently ranks the 37th best out of 190
countries (Murray). Before the introduction of the Affordable Care Ac in 2010, the United States had
an individual insurance market. It was the responsibility of the individual or their employer to take
care of their healthcare costs. On top of this, millions of people could be denied insurance by
different agencies due to pre–existing claims. Healthcare was expensive, but the costs were nothing
compared to the medical bills owed by an uninsured person. Universal healthcare is a basic right not
a privilege. Everyone should be given the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This program has been an idea circulating around the American political system since the early
decades of the twentieth century. Since then the concept has been stigmatized as a left–wing liberal
view. However, many people do not know that the lack of public health insurance in the United
States stems from a heavy racism within our country and the concept of conserving the "southern
way of life". In the early twentieth century Southern legislators had a great influence in the Supreme
Court. With 17 southern states, the south had the ability to block any legislation of their choosing
(23) They had considerable control over the house and senate and adopted many new programs that
increased the power of white Americans in the south. Congress began to design policies that were
racially based and excluded African Americans. Health services throughout the United States
adopted new forms of racial segregation as well. Many white Americans were not in favor of the
idea of public health care because it meant hospital integration. President Truman took a unique
stance on public health insurance and tied the movement into the civil rights movement. Race
relations and health insurance were woven together. Opposition to healthcare was seen as a way of
promoting segregation. The American Medical Association played an important part in stopping
America from adopting national healthcare. Their opposition was due to their

Healthcare: Right or Privilege?
Healthcare: Right or Privilege The question of whether healthcare is a right or a privilege in the
United States becomes irrelevant when one bothers to consider that actual reality of the situation. As
evidenced by the fact that hospitals cannot deny individuals emergency care, the United States
already treats healthcare as if it is a right, albeit a fairly poorly–protected one. With this in mind, the
real question becomes how this bare minimum of respect for the importance of healthcare affects the
healthcare industry as a whole, and if there is room for improvement. Upon examining the data, it
becomes clear that the somewhat schizophrenic approach of the United States, which is to demand
free emergency care while denying accompanying free preventative care, has led to runaway costs
and diminishing levels of care. The American healthcare system is in a state of crisis, but thankfully
there are still some options left. By comparing the state of the American healthcare system with
other developed countries that are able to provide better quality of care for a lower price, it becomes
clear that the United States need some bare minimum of publicly–funded healthcare if it ever hopes
to improve its healthcare system before it collapses under its own tidal wave of costs. Introduction
The current state of the American healthcare industry has consequences reaching far beyond the
health of individuals, because decisions regarding health care and insurance reverberate

The Issue Of Healthcare Coverage
The issue of healthcare coverage under the federal health reform has been politically debated by
many Americans, including the current Democratic presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and
Bernie Sanders. The healthcare reform enacted in 2010 under President Obama's regime intended to
support the ongoing healthcare system as a building block to enhance more access to health
insurance coverage for millions of uninsured Americans; yet the government's tireless effort to
ensure all individuals are covered remains a major issue across the country. In the news article,"
Behind the Challenges to Universal Health Coverage" reported by Drew Altman of Kaiser Family
Foundation (KFF), he noticed that there are a sum of 32.3million ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Also, another 7 million Americans were eligible for tax credits to help them purchase coverage in
the ACA but did not sign up for coverage. A lot of attention has also been given to a group of the
uninsured who fell in the Medicaid "coverage gap" because the States in which they live have
refused to expand the program under the Obama care, and this group is 2.9million of the rest of the
uninsured according to the news report. According to the author, if this group can be covered, it will
greatly cut down the number of the remaining uninsured, although this will be far from solving the
entire problem of the Universal Health Coverage. It is also reported in the news that even though a
large number of the eligible uninsured live in states that have expanded Medicaid under the ACA,
some of the state leaders are not keen in covering their uninsured residents thereby making it more
difficult for their residents to get full coverage. According to Rice et al (2014), Gaps in the
healthcare coverage and problems accessing healthcare insurance coverage by the uninsured adds to
the numerous disappointingly weakest results recorded in the USA. Nonetheless, the significance of
instruction, age, and well–being status in clarifying wage–related holes in administration use shows
that the ACA cannot deliver all

Healthcare Policies Of The United States
andace Robinson
Healthcare Policies
In 2015 the United States spent 3.2 trillion on health care, up 5% from the year before and GDP was
at a high of 17.8%, but yet there are still 28 million Americans without health insurance. Most of the
nonelderly in the United States obtain health insurance through an employer, but not all workers are
offered employer–sponsored coverage or, if offered, can afford their share of the premiums.
Medicaid covers many low–income individuals, and financial assistance for Marketplace coverage
is available for many moderate–income people. However, Medicaid eligibility for adults remains
limited in some states, and few people can afford to purchase coverage without financial assistance.
Some people who are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main reason uninsured workers give for not taking up an offer of coverage is that the coverage
is unaffordable. From 2006 to 2016, total premiums for family coverage has increased by 58%, and
the worker's share has increased by 78%, outpacing wage growth.
As of July 2016, 31 states plus DC have expanded Medicaid eligibility for most nonelderly adults.
However, in states that have not expanded Medicaid, eligibility for adults remains limited, with
median eligibility level for parents just 44% of poverty and adults without dependent children
ineligible in most cases. 10 Millions Of poor, uninsured adults fall in a "coverage gap" because they
earn too much to qualify for Medicaid, but not enough to qualify for Marketplace premium tax
credits. Undocumented immigrants are ineligible for Medicaid and may not purchase Marketplace
coverage. While lawfully–present immigrants are eligible for Marketplace tax credits, only those
who have passed a five–year waiting period after receiving qualified immigration status can qualify
for Medicaid. Health insurance makes a difference in whether and when people get necessary
medical care, where they get their care, and ultimately, how healthy they are. Uninsured adults are
far more likely than those with insurance to postpone health care or forgo it altogether. The
consequences can be severe, particularly when preventable conditions or chronic diseases go
undetected. Because of

Impact of Affordable care act in North carolina
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on North Carolina's Uninsured Population
Chitra Sarada
Walden University
NURS–6050N, Section 14, Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
October 10, 2014
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on North Carolina's Uninsured Population The Affordable
Care Act (ACA) 2010 is one of the most radical healthcare moves in legislation of United States
after Medicare and Medicaid. The main goals of ACA were to decrease the number of uninsured and
provide cost–effective high–quality care to all in US. According to Kaiser Family Foundation, the
potential plan of ACA was to expand coverage to 47 million nonelderly uninsured in the nation,
which included 1.6 million ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Federal government will be paying the state " most of the costs for covering the new eligible:
100 % of the Medicaid costs for newly eligible clients for the first three fiscal years 2014 to 2016,
and declining to 90% in 2020" (North Carolina Institute of Medicine, 2014, p. 2). The Affordable
Care act also funded North Carolina for Prevention and Public heath Trust for promoting prevention,
wellness, and public health, "ACA granted $750 million in FY 2011 increasing to dollar two billion
in FY 2015 and each year thereafter" (Silberman, 2013, p 28). According to Middle Class Tax Relief
and Job creation Act 2012, "the cut $6.25 billion over 9 years", the fund instead of reach dollar two
billion in 2015, it will reach it only in 2022 and the funds will remain at one billion until 2018
(Silberman, 2013, p 28).
Effect of ACA on Cost, Quality, and Access to Treatment According to the North Carolina Institute
of Medicine(NCIOM), the Health Benefit Exchange (HBE) created by States or federal government
provides standardized information on quality, cost, and network providers, which helps people and
small business to select the health plan of choice (2013). Since North Carolina did not meet the
deadlines for HBE for 2014, the state created partnership arrangement with North Carolina
Department of Insurance for consumer assistance and plan management (Silberman, 2013). The
ACA provides cost effective and high quality health coverage through the Health Insurance

The Uninsured Essay
ABSTRACT As a growing number of Americans find themselves without health insurance, it is
demanded that the United States explore innovative policies aimed at extending coverage. The high
cost of expanding coverage raises many questions about how best to improve access while
preserving individual choice and maintaining quality of care. Differing viewpoints among
policymakers, insurers, doctors, hospital administrators, employers, public health advocates, and
health policy researchers provide a complete picture of the current and desired state of American
healthcare. INTRODUCTION This report is gives a look at numerous factors affecting healthcare
and how a lack of insurance has implications to not just the individual, but society as ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the overall U.S. population experienced increases in unmet need and delayed care between 2003
and 2007, children were no exception. Low–income children encountered the greatest increase in
unmet needs among all children and access to healthcare declined more for people in fair or poor
health than for healthier people. The likelihood that a child is uninsured has fallen from 13.9 percent
in 1998 to 11.7 percent in 2006. This is highly correlated with the education level of the family
head, and the firm size of the family head, and varies with the industry, occupation, work status, and
work hours of the family head. An estimated 5 million uninsured children are eligible for Medicaid
or SCHIP but are not enrolled. SCHIP was created in 1997 to provide coverage for children who live
in families with incomes that exceed Medicaid eligibility caps but cannot afford private coverage.
Like Medicaid, it is financed by a combination of federal and state funds. Because of SCHIP,
millions of children can now see a doctor when they are sick and get the health care they need.
Despite the success of SCHIP, there are still 8.7 million children living without health insurance.
This number amounts to more than the total number of kids enrolled in the first and second grades in
the United States public school system. To aid in helping these children, Congress must continue to
fund SCHIP and make it stronger.

Uncompensated Care Timeline
The Slow Decline of Uncompensated Care
After the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted in 2010, much of the uninsured population in the
United States were finally given the access to health insurance (Shi & Singh, 2015). Prior to the
passing of the Act, those who did not have insurance still managed to seek medical attention,
whether paying for medical care out of their own pockets or seeking the assistance of government
programs. As reported by the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2013, 13.4% of the population in the U.S.
were uninsured during the entire year (Smith & Medalia, 2014). Still, a great number of uninsured
who sought medical care were unable to pay for those services, this is referred as uncompensated
care. In 2013 the cost incurred from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A., & Fonkych, K. (2008). Hospital pricing and the uninsured: Do the uninsured pay higher prices?
Health Affairs, 27(2), 116–122. Retrieved from doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.27.2.w116
Melnick, G., & Fonkycj, K. (2013). Fair pricing law prompts most California hospitals to adopt
policies to protect uninsured patients from high charges. Health Affairs, 32(6), 1101–1108.
Retrieved from http://ezproxy.nu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1372932073?
accountid=2532
Shi, L., & Singh, D.A. (2015). Delivering health care in America: A systems approach (6th ed.).
Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Smith, J. C., & Medalia, C. (2014). Health insurance coverage in the United States: 2013. U.S.
Census Bureau Current population reports 60–250. Retrieved from
https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2014/demo/p60–250.pdf
Wright, B., & Ricketts, T. (2013). When patients govern: Federal grant funding and uncompensated
care at federally qualified centers. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 24(2), 954–
67. Retrieved from

Mellanoma Case Study
The melanoma cancer rates were obtained from the Cancer for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) online database "United States Cancer Statistics" for the year 2014. Age–adjusted incidence
rates per 100,000 persons were obtained for 50 states. The rates are age–adjusted to the 2000 US
standard population. The cancer rates range between 12.6 (Texas) and 42.3 (Utah) with the mean of
22.84 and the median of 21.9.
David E. Elder (2006) describes pathology of melanoma and discusses various risk factors
associated with this skin cancer. According to his analysis of different causes of melanoma, older
people are at more risk to be diagnosed with melanoma than younger people. Therefore, each
explanatory variable that represents a risk factor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, in 2014, the poverty threshold for 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia
was $11,670 for a single household and $23,850 for a family of four. According to the 2014
statistics calculated by the United States Census Bureau, the highest poverty rate of 21.5% was
recorded in Mississippi, and the lowest poverty rate of 9.2% was recorded in New Hampshire. The
average poverty rate across states is 14.8% and the median is 14.6%.
3.1.2.3 Percentage of white population Since it is commonly known that people with fair skin are
more likely to have skin cancer, this fact was also accounted to explain a variation in cancer rates.
The percentages of white population by state for year 2014 were obtained from the United States
Census Bureau website. According to the available data, Vermont has the largest percentage of white
population (94.6%) and Hawaii has the smallest percentage of white population (32.9%.) The
average percentage across states is 79.98% and the median is 82.7%.
3.1.2.4 Health care quality WalletHub, a personal finance website, created a report to evaluate the
quality of health care across different states. To develop the report, the analysts at WalletHub
analyzed three dimensions of health care (cost, access, and outcome) and evaluated them

Health Care Act Of Indiana And The United States
Health care in Indiana and the United States has received a lot of attention since the Barack Obama
presidential campaign in 2008. Hoosiers in Indiana and Americans throughout the United States lack
health care coverage. One goal all individuals have is obtaining health care coverage suitable for
their individual needs. Since the health care reform became a big topic of discussion, health
insurance has started to become more available. Between Obamacare and work sponsored health
insurance, many Americans are able to have health insurance. According to research done by
Westover et. al (2013), the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010
(PPACA) created a greater future role for state Medicaid health plans and necessitates more efficient
health care coverage. Low–income individuals have the need for more frequent medical attention
than previously insured patients. Gaps in health care coverage, whether partial or full year gaps,
have been linked to adults with serious, chronic health conditions. According to research done by
Gulley, Rasch, and Chan (2011), among all working–aged adults, 28 million (16%) remained
uninsured for all 12 months, and an additional 21 million (12%) reported part year coverage. The
goal of the health care reform was to eventually provide equal care coverage and quality to all
Americans. The primary focus of researchers studying the health care reform is to discover how
much coverage Americans have access to and also to

Uninsured America Analysis
The article deals with the trichotomy that presents itself in Canada, Insured America, and Uninsured
America. The article is an analysis of the differences between all three with more focus on how
uninsured America is separate from the other two. The focus is on the aged old question of "Whose
residents have better access to health care, the United States' or Canada's?"(699). Morgan and
Kennedy state that the Joint Canada U.S. Survey of Health data showed that despite major
differences in their health systems, most Canadians and Americans get the care they need. The
problem is that a certain group, uninsured America, are much more likely to report serious access
barriers. About "one–third of currently or recently uninsured Americans", aged

Medicaid Case Study
On June 28, 2012, the United States Supreme Court issued a decision that made the enforcement
mechanism for the ACA Medicaid expansion optional for states. Regardless of that decision, the
Affordable Care Act (ACA) has reduced the uninsured rate since its complete implementation in
2014. The original intent and projections were that all states were expected to expand Medicaid.
However, after that Supreme Court decision, some states chose not to expand Medicaid.
The central goal of the ACA remains to make affordable health insurance available to more people,
Expand the Medicaid program to cover all adults with income below 138% of the federal poverty
level, and Support innovative medical care delivery methods designed to lower the costs ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Seiber and Berman (2017) conclude that the Medicaid expansion helped the vast majority of
enrollees, and there would be no pathway for them to obtain private–sector insurance if the ACA
were repealed. Tarazi et al. (2016) believes that if there were no expansion of Medicaid, many
cancer survivors would have limited access to routine care. Call et al. (2015) state that there is a
clear evidence that the ACA has led to significant health insurance coverage gains. Pickett, Stephen,
et al. (2016) analyze the uninsured rate in Texas (one of the highest in the nation) and conclude that
Texas health care providers would face grave financial consequences if the 2017 session of the
Texas legislature had not pass legislation to expand Medicaid under the ACA. Flint (2014) finds that
States that refuse the Medicaid expansions are creating a problem for themselves as we are all
beneficiaries of the Medicaid program.
Other authors, however, have a different views and argued against Medicaid expansion. Baker and
Hunt (2016) have argued that the expansion policies are rooted in ideology that favors personal
responsibility over society's responsibility in caring for the public's health. They are more political
than logical. Conover, Christopher J. (2017) argues that in the long run Medicaid Expansion is
unaffordable and financing it encourages fiscal irresponsibility. Wright et al. (2016) analyze the
Iowa

The Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay
Since the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or 'Obamacare' in 2010 and its implementation
in 2014,there has been a steady decline in the uninsured population of the United States of America.
The number of Americans with health insurance, has reached a historic peak. According to recent
data from the Census Bureau about health insurance coverage, the number of uninsured Americans
fell from 33 million the year prior to ACA implementation to 29 million in 2014.The total uninsured
rate dropped by more than 4 percent since the health care law took effect. The ACA has significantly
reduced the number of Americans who were not able to acquire health insurance due to poverty,
unemployment, or having a pre–existing condition. Despite these gains, the Affordable Care Act is
still experiencing a multitude of challenges. For instance, some states like Texas refused to expand
Medicaid eligibility for low–income individuals below the poverty rate, undocumented immigrants
not covered under the open marketplace and Medicaid options and the increasing cost of health
insurance premiums. According to (Rovner, September 13, 2016, p. 1), the main objective of the
Affordable Care Act was to reduce the number of Americans without health insurance coverage.
Referencing the Census Bureau, she argues that the rate of the uninsured has dropped from 10.4% in
2013 to 9.1% in 2014. She described the gains achieved across all demographics, although some
groups fair better than others.

Racial Disparities Essay
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities
While the ACA has been successful in reducing the rate of uninsured, it has failed in a number of
other areas. Data organized by age reveals significant problems when it comes to groups who are
uninsured, we can see a stark contrast between age groups. Among the 15.7% of Americans that are
uninsured, approximately 55.2% of those are comprised of Americans aged 19 to 34 years of age.
This is relatively unsurprising as young people have always been less likely to purchase health
insurance as the result of what many have described as some sort of invincibility complex. The data
on uninsured Americans becomes truly interesting when analyzing the data as it relates to race and
ethnicity. Whites compromise 64.3% ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a political climate exemplified by partisan conflict and lack of compromise, it will be difficult to
pass either the more conservative or progressive plans. However, certain scenarios could occur that
would allow for significant policy change. If a Republican were to win the presidency, and
Republicans maintained the House and Senate, the political climate could allow for change in a
more conservative direction. Similarly, if a progressive like Bernie Sanders were to win the election
and Democrats retook Congress, a policy window could be opened to implement a universal
healthcare system that would be federally provided rather than

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