7. ā¢IMAGE QUALITY IS OF SUPREME IMPORTANCE FOR
DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION OF MINUTE FOREIGN PARTICLES.
ā¢TO IMPROVE IMAGE QUALITY
REDUCE GEOMETRIC UN SHARPNESS
USE CLOSE OID
USE SMALL FOCAL SPOT
USE STANDARD FFD
8. IMAGE QUALITY
ā¢ MINIMIZE SECONDARY RADIATION (USE CLOSE
COLLIMATION)
ā¢ USE IMMOBILIZATION DEVICES TO IMMOBILIZE
HEAD.HAVE THE PATIENT GAZE STEADILY AT A FIXED
OBJECT SO AS TO IMMOBILIZE EYEBALLS.
IMAGE RECEPTORS MUST BE VERY CLEAR AS ANY
ARTIFACT CAN SIMULATE FOREIGN BODY
(CAN HAVE RESERVE IMAGE RECEPTOR FOR EYE
STUDIES ONLY)
9. BASIC PROJECTIONS
ā¢ LATERAL PROJECTION
ā¢ PA AXIAL PROJECTION
ā¢ PARIETOCANTHAL PROJECTION (MODIFIED WATERāS VIEW)
IF A FOREIGN BODY IS SUSPECTED, THEN A SECOND PROJECTION MAY BE
UNDERTAKEN, WITH THE EYES IN A DIFFERENT POSITION TO DIFFERENTIATE
THIS FROM AN IMAGE ARTIFACT. THE INITIAL EXPOSURE COULD BE TAKEN WITH
THE EYES POINTING UP AND THE SECOND WITH THE EYES POINTING DOWN.
10. LATERAL PROJECTION
RIGHT OR LEFT
USE NON GRID TECHNIQUE TO REDUCE
MAGNIFICATION AND ARTIFACTS FROM
RADIOGRAPHIC TABLE AND GRID
11. LATERAL PROJECTION
SEMIPRONE OR ERECT
Mid sagittal plane of the
patient parallel to the
image receptor
Affected eye adjacent to
center of image receptor
Inter pupillary line
perpendicular to the image
receptor
Exposure made in
suspended respiration
12. LATERAL PROJECTION CENTRAL RAY
PERPENDICULA
R THROUGH
THE OUTER
CATHUS
INSTRUCT THE
PATIENT TO
LOOK
STRAIGHT
AHEAD DURING
EXPOSURE
14. PA AXIAL PROJECTION
USE NON GRID TECHNIQUE TO REDUCE
MAGNIFICATION AND ARTIFACTS FROM
RADIOGRAPHIC TABLE AND GRID
15. PA AXIAL PROJECTION
PATIENT POSITIONING
EXPOSURE MADE IN SUSPENDED RESPIRATION
PATIENTāS HEAD
REST OVER THE
IMAGE RECEPTOR
RADIOGRAPHIC
BASE LINE
PERPENDICULAR TO
THE IMAGE
RECEPTOR
16. PA AXIAL PROJECTION CENTRAL RAY
INSTRUCT THE
PATIENT TO
CLOSE EYES
&CONCENTRATE
HOLDING THEM
STRAIGHT
THROUGH THE
CENTRE OF THE
ORBITS WITH 30
DEGREE CAUDAL
ANGULATION,
PROJECT THE
PETROUS PORTION
OF THE TEMPORAL
BONE BELOW
INFERIOR MARGIN
OF ORBITS
17. EVALUATION CRITERIA
NO ROTATION OF THE CRANIUM
PETROUS PYRAMIDS LYING
BELOW ORBITAL SHADOW
BEAM RESTRICTION CENTRED TO
ORBITAL MARGINS
19. PARIETOCANTHAL PROJECTION
PATIENT POSITIONING
EXPOSURE MADE IN SUSPENDED
RESPIRATION REST
PATIENTāS
CHIN ON
IMAGE
RECEPTOR
HOLDER
MID SAGGITAL
PLANE
PERPENDICULA
R TO THE PLANE
OF IMAGE
RECEPTOR
ADJUST THE FLEXION
OF THE HEAD SO THAT
THE RADIOGRAPHIC
BASE LINE FORMS AN
ANGLE OF 50 DEGREES
WITH THE IMAGE
RECEPTOR
21. EVALUATION CRITERIA
NO ROTATION OF THE CRANIUM
PETROUS PYRAMIDS LYING
BELOW ORBITAL SHADOW
BEAM RESTRICTION CENTRED TO
ORBITAL MARGINS
22. REFERENCES
ā¢ MERRILL'S ATLAS OF RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONS AND RADIOLOGIC
PROCEDURES. ED 10,VOLUME 2, AUTHORS PHILIP W. BALLINGER ,
EUGENE D. FRANK
ā¢ CLARKāS POSITIONING IN RADIOGRAPHY,12TH EDITION, AUTHORS A. STEWART
WHITLEY CHARLES SLOANE GR AHAM HOADLEY ADRIAN D. MOORE CHRISSIE
W.ALSOP