The Causes Of The Triangle Fire Of 1911

The Causes Of The Triangle Fire Of 1911
A year after shirtwaist workers thought they had won a war, the Triangle Fire proved that it had
merely been a battle. Under the Triangle Shirtwaist Company owners, Max Blanck and Isaac Harris,
the men and women laboring to sew waist skirts were dissatisfied with their terrible working
conditions and low wages. While working, the garment workers, made up of mostly poor Italian and
Jewish women immigrants, would constantly be yelled at and called sexist slurs by bosses, and
forced to work long, tiring hours for little pay (Argersinger 11). Tired of these conditions, the
workers of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York met in secret to form a union against the
company in September 1909 (Argersinger 11). The union of the garment workers acquired the
backing of both the International Ladies Garment Workers Union and the Women's Trade Union
League, which inspired many other women, both working and upper classes, to follow the older
unions' lead and join the garment workers' fight. Accordingly, thousands of garment workers
launched an eleven week strike on November 22, 1909, which became known as the "Uprising of
Twenty Thousand" (Argersinger 11–12). The strikes were successful because they accomplished
their key goals, though this came at the cost of improving workplace safety which eventually led to
the Triangle Fire of 1911. Years before the tragedy, the motivations of the Triangle Shirtwaist
Company workers to participate in the "Uprising of Twenty Thousand" were
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The West Virginia Coal Wars: Storming Heaven by Denise...
Storming Heaven is Denise Giardina's second and award winning novel, published in 1987. The
historical novel is a fiction–based recount of the bitter labor conflict that took place in southern West
Virginia during the early 1920s, otherwise known as the West Virginia Coal Wars. The author tells
the story of the real conflict faced by miners through the eyes of four main characters, each from
different walks of life, with their own different point of view. The story told about the real life
hardship faced by coal miners and the ensuing conflict is a subject narrowly covered by The
American Journey. Although the story that is told through the main characters is fictionalized, it
provides a historically accurate portrayal of the events that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
C.J. Marcum opens the story telling how the railroad agents requested that his grandfather sign his
land rights away. When Marcum's grandfather refused, he was murdered and the family was forced
off their land, just like everyone else. After the coal companies began to move into the area, they set
up camps. Many of the residents who were forced off their land then worked for the coal companies.
C.J.'s family instead had decided to move to the Justice farm, which was owned by C.J.'s
grandfather's cousin, Ermel. Ermel had relinquished the rights to his land, and the coal companies
had not yet come for it. The residents that worked for the coal company lived in camps, worked for
very low pay in "scrip" (company dollars) in horrible conditions, and ultimately had no other choice.
Eventually, the workers of American Coal, who were once the landowners of the very area they
were mining, formed a labor union to fight for better working conditions. The union was met with
great opposition by the company's secret police. As time went on, the coal miners continued to fight
for their rights, only to be put down violently by the coal company's strikebreakers. Union leaders
were also fired and blacklisted from the company as a means to put a stop to union activity. Still
attempting to unionize coal mining in southwestern West Virginia, tensions rose. Conflict finally
erupted on August 25, 1921, when the coal miners

Ivy Ledbetter Lee History
By the early 1900s, some journalists began investigating and reporting on the questionable
promotional practices businesses were using. Their efforts helped increase awareness of these tactics
among the public. Public relations began to reinvent itself along journalistic lines: the new field of
public relations attracted to journalists, who were more comfortable with objectivity and the
dissemination of information.
The leading pioneer in this new approach to public relations was IVY Ledbetter Lee, a former
business for journalist for the New York Times, the New York World, and the New York American.
He began as publicist, but shortly expanded that role to be regarded as the first public relations
counsel.
When Lee opened his public relations firm, Parker and Lee, in 1905, he issued a declaration of
principles that signaled a new model of public relations practice: public information. ... Show more
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In 1914, John D. Rockefeller Jr. hired Lee because his Standard Oil company had image problems,
especially after journalists published a powerful muckraking series about his business tactics and
after his company's strikebreakers and members of the state militia battled striking coal miners
trying to win recognition for their union. Fifty–three workers and their family members were killed
in Colorado. Lee proposed a series of informational bulletins by management that would be
distributed to opinion leaders in Colorado and around the nation – telling the company's part of the
story – that were highly influential in shaping public discussion and opinion. Lee clearly recognized
that there are several sides to every story and that decisions about which facts to present to the
public and which to leave out could strongly shape public perceptions. He also brought in the press
and staged photo opportunities at Rockefeller family's

Lord Lytton Research Paper
In Late Victorian Holocausts, Mike Davis charts the unprecedented human suffering caused by a
series of extreme climactic conditions in the final quarter of the 19th century. Drought and
monsoons afflicted much of China, southern Africa, Brazil, Egypt and India. The death tolls were
staggering: around 12m In the 19th century, however, drought was treated, particularly by the
English in India, as an opportunity for reasserting sovereignty. A particular villain was Lord Lytton,
son of the Victorian novelist Edward Bulwer–Lytton ("It was a dark and stormy night...") after
whom, today, a well–known bad writing prize is named. During 1876 Lytton, widely suspected to be
insane, ignored all efforts to alleviate the suffering of millions of peasants in the Madras region and
concentrated on preparing for Queen Victoria's investiture as Empress of India. The highlight of the
celebrations was a week–long feast of lucullan excess at which 68,000 dignitaries heard her promise
the nation "happiness, prosperity and welfare and over 6m Indians in 1876–1878 alone. The chief
culprit, according to Davis, was not the weather, but European empires, with Japan and the US.
Their imposition of free–market economics on the colonial world was tantamount to a "cultural
genocide". Lytton believed in free trade. He did nothing to check the huge hikes in grain prices,
Economic "modernization" led household and village reserves to ... Show more content on
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His early book, Prisoners of the American Dream, was an important contribution to the Marxist
study of U.S. history, political economy, and the state, as well as to the doctrine of revolutionary
integrationism as Davis, argued that the struggle of blacks in the U.S. was for equality, that this
struggle was an explosive contradiction

Why Were Immigrants Considered A Rag To Riches?
The rags–to–riches phenomenon is the heart of the American Dream. It was the reason why most
immigrants came to America. As the immigrants approached New York City and witnessed the
magnificent sight of the Statue of Liberty, they believed the world was in the palm of their hand.
However, when they arrived and settled down, reality hit and many of them realized it was very
difficult to actually turn their rags into riches. There were many reasons as to why their American
dream was not an easy task to achieve. Firstly, many American citizens despised the immigrants.
The Americans despised the immigrants because they were used as strikebreakers. A strikebreaker
was someone who replaced the workers who were rioting. The Americans really did not appreciate
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In order to gain monopoly of the oil industry, Rockefeller controlled the predatory pricing and also
colluded with railroads to eliminate competitors. For this reason, it was extremely difficult for the
immigrants to owe or build their own companies. In addition, the low wages made it harder for
immigrants to become rich. The wages they were paid were very low. Not only was it hard for the
families to pay their bills and feed their families, but it also left them with little to no money to save.
Moreover, the economic slump made matters worse for the immigrants. Many of them became
unemployed, thus, leaving the families desperate and in need of money. The depression in the 1870's
and 1890's were long lasting and severe, causing many hardships to many families. It was more
difficult to find a job to an immigrant versus an American citizen, but for a woman it was a major
struggle to find employment. If a woman did a find a job, it would not be a significant position. It
would usually be as a servant, prostitute, housewife, factory workers, and sometimes even rebels.
Furthermore, because of their gender they would get paid less than the men and also they would
have to work horrendous hours. One example was Leonora

Laissez Faire Research Paper
Sean McInerney Period 1
Mrs. Scalfini October 17, 2015
Laissez–faire: Laissez–faire is a French phrase which means "let people do as they choose." During
the late 1800's in America, this idea was very popular. Believers thought the government shouldn't
stick their nose in the economy. The government should get involved only if it involves protecting
private property rights or to maintain peace. Believers argued when the government regulates the
economy they would increase costs and hurt society. So they supported low taxes and limited
government debt. So–called Robber– Barons (owners of corporations with no competition) like John
D. Rockefeller supported this idea. Laissez–faire made it easy for them to get away with paying
workers some even children, extremely low and making their workers work for 12+ hours. These
"workers" were also in horrible workplaces. It was soon proved that Laissez–faire was not a good
idea. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Primarily Chinese came here. The Chinese were thought of as competition and as cheap labor to
Americas Economy. So in response the government formed The Chinese Exclusion Act banning
Chinese immigrants to become citizens. This act was passed by Congress in 1882. This prevented
Chinese immigration for ten years. The Chinese would try to get this Act repealed but failed. It was
renewed in 1892 and made permanent in 1902. This was not repealed until 1943. This Act is one of
the most significant restrictions on

Japanese Unequal Wages
One day in 1902 when plantation workers racics tactics had finally backfired on them. All of these
workers had unequal wages based on your ethic backround. If you were japanese you could get
payed 18 dollars for a month's worth of work while the portuguese and Puerto Ricans would get
payed 22.50 dollors for the same work. `A lawyer named Motoyuki Negoro pointed out how the
japanese had unequal wages in many series of articles he wrote for a Japanese newspaper. This led
to the formation of the Zokyu Kisei Kai, the first organization which can rightfully be called a labor
union on the plantations. The Association initiated a polite request to the Planter's Association
asking for a conference and appealing to the planters for "reason and justice.

The Effects Of The Triangle Fire Of 1911
A year after shirtwaist workers thought they had won a war, the Triangle Fire proved that it had
merely been a battle. Under the Triangle Shirtwaist Company owners, Max Blanck and Isaac Harris,
the men and women laboring to sew waist skirts were dissatisfied with their terrible working
conditions and low wages. While working, the garment workers, made up of mostly poor Italian and
Jewish women immigrants, would constantly be yelled at and called sexist slurs by bosses, and
forced to work long, tiring hours for little pay (Argersinger 11). Tired of these conditions, the
workers of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York met in secret to form a union against the
company in September 1909 (Argersinger 11). The union of the garment workers ... Show more
This was done as a security precaution to ensure none of the workers were stealing scraps of fabric
or shirtwaists (Class Lecture: Progressive Era). Additionally, the workers' privacy was invaded daily
when their purses and bags were searched to prevent thievery. The workers felt as if they were being
"searched like thieves" by the Blanck and Harris (Argersinger 11). Subsequently, mistreatment
continued as the workers would often get stabbed by the needle of the sew machines, causing severe
bleeding and in some cases the loss of a finger, all while the workers were expected to keep sewing
(Argersinger 54). Furthermore, Clara Lemlich, a Jewish Russian immigrant, recalled that the bosses
would "swear at [them] and sometimes do worse– they [would] call [them] names that are not pretty
to hear" (Argersinger 57). These poor working conditions seemed to never end, and day after day
workers would dread coming into work. But by September 1909, the workers had become fed up
with the mistreatment and terrible conditions, leading the men and women of garment industries all
across New York to look for a change. Over a hundred garment workers of the Triangle Shirtwaist
Company met in secret to listen to speakers from the International Ladies Garment Workers Union
(ILGWU) and the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) (Argersinger 63). These speeches
prompted the Triangle Shirtwaist Company employees to unionize

Bracero Program History
Mexican nationals have migrated across the border for short–term agricultural work since the 19th
century. With a shortage of jobs, Mexican workers seek the promise of what the neighboring labor
market of the United States has to offer. At the same time, the U.S. economy is in need workers to
grow the economy and the history of U.S. relations with Mexico began as self–sustaining system of
circular migration.
On August 4, 1942 the United States recocnized a need for a temporary intergovernmental
agreement to set the standards for Mexican agricultural labor (officially referred to as the Mexican
Farm Labor Program). The program lasted much longer than anticipated and in 1951, Congress
formalized the Bracero Program with Public Law 78. From 1942 ... Show more content on
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The subject then became controversial when more Mexican nationals, desperate for work, were
willing to take on these backbreaking jobs at wages most Americans weren't willing to work for.
American farm workers had reason to be concerned that the braceros would be competing with them
for the same jobs but at lower wages. The original concept of the Bracero Program was to serve and
protect both Mexican and domestic workers. For example, Americans would receive at least the
minimum wage in the area of the current work; guaranteed employment for three–fourths of the
contract period; adequate, sanitary, and free housing; food provided at a low–cost; job insurance
would be at employer's expense; and free transportation back to Mexico was provided when the
seasonal contract was up (Bracero History Archive, 2017) . The agriculture employers were also
only supposed to hire braceros when there was high labor shortage, and were not to abuse the
system. However, employers ignored many of these regulations and Mexican workers were used as
strikebreakers while native workers were put out of a job. The only party who benefited from this
injustice were the growers because they got cheap labor. This imbalance went unchecked and as a
result farm wages dropped suddenly from the 1940s to the1950s, farm wages dropped sharply as a
percentage of manufacturing wages, a result in part of the use of braceros and undocumented
laborers who lacked full rights in American

How Did Cesar Chavez Help Migrant Farm Workers
Throughout the era of the great depression, migrant farm workers were put at unfair labor. A man
named Cesar Chavez helped migrant farm workers by boycotting the fruit companies they worked
for and forming unions for them. The beginning of Chavez's life, striking and boycotting fruit
companies, and his new projects were the biggest impact in changing farm worker's lives. Cesar E.
Chavez was born in 1927, in Arizona. Chavez worked as a migrant farm worker when he was
young. He has the experience of working in the scorching hot weather. His family had lived with his
grandmother, where he learned all if his values, morals, and beliefs. As Chavez grew older, his
father would teach him how to be respectful, and how he should always stand up for what he
believes in. His father lost their land and was forced to work as migrant farm workers. After a
month, the Chavez family moved away in search of more farms. Cesar rarely went to school, and
would never stay at one school for a long time. Cesar dealt with poverty and racisms at a young age.
Later, his father had got hurt in an accident and was forced to leave school to support himself and
his family (Valbuena1–3). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Cesar turned thirty–five on March 31, 1962, he quit his job to help create unions for migrant
farm workers. This acted as a major change in his life. In mid–1962, a labor organizer told Cesar
that a union was impossible. At that time, there was too much against Cesar like money, law, and
people (Hudock 1–3). A year after his birthday the National Farm Workers Association was created.
The association was doing well for the first two years. All the members of the association had a
credit union, as well as an auto repair co–operative, burial insurance, and a newspaper. Cesar started
to get the idea that he wanted to start a strike but he knew they still needed several more years of
intense organization and fundraising (Hudock

Essay on Greed In The Great Gatsby and The Grapes of Wrath
The Modernist movement took place in a time of happiness, a time of sadness, a time of objects, a
time of saving, a time of prosperity, a time of poverty and in a time of greed. Two novels, written by
Steinbeck and Fitzgerald, portray this underlying greed and envy better than most novels of that
period. These novels, The Great Gatsby and The Grapes of Wrath, show that despite the difference
between the 1920s and the 1930s, greed remained a part of human life, whether superficially or
necessarily, and that many people used their greed to damage themselves and others. In both of these
novels, greed as a whole is negative, corrosive, abrasive, destructive, and apocalyptic. As an
example, in Gatsby the namesake, Gatsby's, desire for Daisy ... Show more content on
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In Grapes, also, greed brings a terrible cost to all those involved. For example, the Californians, to
protect themselves, greedily cover their jobs and attempt to force the migrants to leave, saying,
"You're in California, an' we don't want you...Okies settlin' down." (Steinbeck, 2006). The cost they
pay is a loss of humanity, a loss of conscience, as no longer will the Californians help those in need,
allowing for migrants and entire families to die and for them to sadly strike out against those who
speak out. Yet the Joad family, at times, portrays their own greed. They take a job as a strikebreaker
during a strike lead by one of the family's best friends, John Casy, only to have Casy die and Tom
nearly arrested again for murder. Also, the family shows greed by constantly moving in search of
new jobs. As the family leaves the government camp, Tom, Pa and Al all have jobs, yet Ma wants
even more money even though the camp supplies entertainment and, to an extent, food. However,
the family wants more in their pocket, and so they leave that land of plenty into a dangerous,
unknown land of hatred, fear, and anger and pay in many, many ways. Finally, the Joad family uses
the dead Grandma to enter California, showing their greed and

Labour Movement Pros And Cons
The Labor Movement generated opposition from both the government and the public since they both
saw unions as violent and lawless. The government used force to control the unions showing their
disgust for the views and actions of these organizations. Well, organized and growing businesses
took the advantage in the struggle with labor, so the workers started labor unions. It is easily argued
both ways whether or not unions formed were beneficial to workers. With great evidence though, it
is proven that although beneficial in many ways, for the most part unions were very negative
towards the progress of our country.
1. The very first labor union, The National Labor Union was started in 1866. This union lasted for
six years and had 600,00 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then on May 4 labor disorders had broken out in Haymarket Square and the police were called.
Suddenly a dynamite bomb was thrown that killed or injured several dozen people. The people
wrongfully connected the Knights with the Anarchists, and the power of the Knights of Labor came
to a dismal end.
The Homestead strike in 1892 was the first major strike to take place after the downfall of the
Knights. It started at Carnegie's steel plant in Homestead, PA. when workers refused to accept new
wage cuts. Henry Clay Frick shut down the plant and surrounded it with guards to protect the
property. The infuriated workers soon ran the guards out when they realized that Frick had
intentions of reopening the plant with strikebreakers. After a thirteen hour struggle Carnegies
Company persuaded the governor of Pennsylvania to provide help, the state militia was summoned
to restore peace. The company began to bring in strikebreaker to replace employees who had walked
out. Many of the leaders of the strike were prosecuted for rioting and murder. The steel workers'
union was detroyed. Some members of Congress were sympathetic to Homestead strikers. The
public in general felt little sympathy for the strikers because they felt that the working person should
remain free to sell services as an individual and not through a union. Many thought that the right to
work was sacred. They felt that union organizers had no business interfering

Early Labor Movements During The Industrial Revolution
Early Labor Movements
The Industrial Revolution took away agricultural jobs and hand produced labor such as loom
weavers, and they became declined and unemployed, further employment moved to more industrial
areas. In this time of factories and industries the demand for workers are very high, widows with
large families with children over 8 yrs old were wanted is some factories. Workers in factories are
faced long working hours, repetitive tasks, low wage and dangerous working conditions.
Workers had a six to seven day workweek of ten to fourteen hours each day. During this time of
revolution industrialists broke up work in factories into series on simple tasks to increase efficiency
and production, a downfall of this was that industrial work became less skilled, repetitive and
boring. An example of this would be machinery jobs in a factory, job satisfaction for workers
become very low considering the fact that they would have to repeat the same task for hours on end.
Low wages were very low so low that workers could not afford requirements for food, shelter and
clothing. Everyone in a worker's family would have to work to make ends meet even when women
and children were paid low wages.
The labor movement grew out of protest of these labor conditions. It was defined by ... Show more
If an employer were to refused their demands all the workers in the factory might strike causing the
business owners operations to halt forcing the owner to come to terms with the striking workers to
get what they want and to get things going again. Since business owners did not provide healthcare
for workers members of unions contributed to special funds to provide provisions and insurance
benefits in times of need, such as injury, illness and

Immigration In The 19th Century Essay
The rise of immigration in the late 19th century has caused lots of pressure in the American
government. The nativist thought that immigrants were taking their jobs, they were cutting down
their wages, and their beliefs. Nativist were mad, but immigrants were proud to start new lives in
this new country. Governments passed Acts during this time period to slow down immigration rates.
The nativist saw immigration as a threat, but the business leaders saw them as untrained and
uneducated people who would work for lower wages. Big business leaders loved "laissez–faire
meaning that the government should not intervene in the economy especially through regulations"
(Goldfield p.583). These bosses cut wages and made them work six days a week and twelve hours
every day. The influx of immigrants to the United States caused the Gilded Age where bosses
became richer and the gap between the poor and rich widen. This outraged the nativists because the
'new' immigrants took their jobs. The 'new' immigrants from Europe brought new religions like
Catholicism and Judaism which were completely different from there own. This hatred to the new
immigrants made racism more prominent. Presidents like Blaine made Chinese immigrants look like
pests and would remove the Chinese if he was elected for president. He used this to try to get votes
from the western ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These new immigrants lived on a couple dollars a day a week not enough for living. These wage
cuts enraged the immigrants causing lots of peaceful and violent strike, most strikes were
unsuccessful. Owners had lots of money that closing the factory down for a couple of days would
affect them. Owners would fight back by "hiring strikebreakers or scabs to take the place of the
regular work force" (Labor vs. Management). These protester were usually beaten by the
strikebreakers until they went back to work or

The Creators Of Salt Of The Earth
The creators of Salt of the Earth "had a consciousness of radical activism" (Aptheker 2015). Paul
Jarrico, Michael Wilson, and Herbert J. Biberman made connections between the Cold War anti–
union sentiment and what was happening in the lives of the community at Hanover, New Mexico
(Balthasar 353). "Salt fuses the antiracist, anti imperialist sensibility...with the central popular front
icon and narrative form– the strike tale. In this sense Salt is not simply an expansion of a 1930s
political aesthetic; it is the fulfillment of it" (Balthasar 356). This included thinking about how
different forms of oppression impact people. Their final film implicitly critiques the United States'
imperialist policies and treatment of minority groups (Balthasar 355), a dangerous move in the era
of high tensions due to the red scare. This, along with affiliations with the Hollywood Anti–Nazi
League (HANL) made them targets of the United States government (Balthasar 354). Their careers
had been destroyed, since no one wanted to make themselves a target of the U.S. by being friendly
with people that were accused of being communists, and their film was blacklisted. The leading
actress, Rosaura Revualtas, who had already radically starred in what is recognized as the first
lesbian film (Aptheker), also faced punishment for starring in Salt. Though she was here legally,
participation in the film was grounds for her deportation. Furthermore, she was banned from acting
in Mexico (Aptheker). Clint

The Tex Son Women 's Strike
The Tex–Son Women's Strike: Setting Race Aside and the Focus on Motherhood The historical
Chicano women's strike of Tex–Son in San Antonio, Texas, began in 1959. Tex–Son was a company
that specialized in the production of children's clothing. Tex–Son employed women and immigrants
for cheap labor. The working conditions at Tex–Son were not up to par – filthy ventilation systems
and unsanitary work areas made labor dangerous. Wages differed between women and men; women
were paid by the piece, while men were paid by the hour – this made labor even more risky since the
women tried to rush. Tex–Son – aware of the influx of immigrants from Mexico, and taking into
consideration the stigma attached to women in the work force – knew that they could employ the
women and non–citizens for cheap labor. Tex–Son also had plants throughout the country, and could
send work to other cities, where labor was even cheaper. The women were employed by Tex–Son,
and were members of union ILGWU. They knew something had to change, and so began the
"unladylike" strike. At the start of the strike, the women garment workers established a negative
reputation for their selves. Initially protesting violently, the strikers against Tex–Son successfully
transformed their image by reverting their struggle's focus to the theme of motherhood; in addition,
they improved their image by befriending the Anglo women, male unionists, and the Catholic
Church. The Tex–Son strike was at first very violent. The women

Ludlow Strikes: The John D. Rockefeller Family
John D. Rockefeller Jr. played a significant role in helping to resolve the Ludlow strike but mainly
to save the reputation of his family name and preserve the integrity of his successful company,
Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I). The Rockefeller family was generous in donating to various
orphanages, charities, and churches but were known for being brutal to their coal mine workers. For
this and because of the dangerous conditions they were forced to work in, the miners went on strike
and set up tent colonies throughout Southern Colorado. It was John Jr's company which hired the
strikebreakers who attacked the tent colonies by opening fire with machine guns. The mine
operators were trying to rile the coal miners and create conflict so that they would retaliate. This
way CF&I could involve Governor Elias Ammons to help put an end to the strike with the ... Show
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John D. Rockefeller Jr. took a massive beating from the press following the events in Ludlow, as
well as the Rockefeller family name was basically dragged through the mud. An advisor for
Rockefeller, Mackenzie King, as well as public relations expert, Ivy Lee, were hired to try and mend
the family's damaged reputation. Some of the strategies they came up with included meeting with
the miners and their families to listen to all their concerns and complaints, Rockefeller inspected the
conditions of the factories and the miner's homes and attended social events. This ultimately was
great advice and attracted positive media coverage which assisted in resolving the issue of the
Ludlow strike. This could be considered a major turning point in Rockefeller's life because the
strategies worked to repair the reputation of the Rockefeller family

The River Ran Red Essay
The filmmaker is sympathetic to the Homestead strikers. Within the first four minutes of the film,
there are many good things being said about the workers and the growth of the town of Homestead
because of them. In The River Ran Red, the speaker goes on to talk about how "every working man
in should be able to support their family." The workers in Homestead were able to support their
families and actually participate in the government. In most other town's the company's treated the
workers poorly, but in Homestead the workers played a big role in the decisions of their working
conditions. Although the work was still dangerous they had a strong labor union. The labor unions
were strong until the making of steel. With the making of steel

Industrial Workers During The Gilded Age
Similar to the farmers during the Gilded Age, industrial workers combatted poor working
conditions, child labor, low wages, and long hours by forming labor unions and organizing strikes,
ending as a massive failure. Early in the industrial era, there was no minimum wage, leaving it up to
the factory owners to set the rate at which their workers were to be paid. Some owners did not pay
their employees in cash but in company scrip which could be redeemed at the company store. For
example, in Pullman, Illinois and in Hershey, Pennsylvania, the towns were owned by corporations,
the Pullman Palace Car Company and the Hershey Company respectively, so their workers would
receive vouchers to spend at the company store instead of hard cash. ... Show more content on
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Initially a fraternal organization providing social events, sporting competitions, and education for
working men and their families, the Knights of Labor soon advocated for the creation of
cooperatives where members would serve as worker–owners who have input on the running of
factories in hopes of making changes for the better of the working man. The Knights of Labor
believed that the "alarming development and aggression of aggregated wealth, which, unless
checked, will inevitably lead to the pauperization and hopeless degradation of the toiling masses"
could only be stopped "through the unification of labor". The Knights were open to all "producers"
including skilled and unskilled workers and owners as well as women and African–Americans.
Bankers, doctors, liquor manufacturers, lawyers, and stockholders were excluded because of their
supposed lack in productive contribution to society. The union advocated for a national eight hour
workday, the expulsion of Asian workers, the prohibition of immigration from the Far East, and an
end to child labor. The Knights worked to make changes for all workers, regardless of affiliation
with the group, and opposed strikes and boycotts. As the Knights of Labor began to fade away,
another organization arose called the American Federation of

The Rock Springs Massacre
The 1870's and 1880's in America was marked with growing nativism towards the Chinese,
accumulating to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 (Yung 54). Competing immigrant laborers
effected the entire country, including the Midwest, where people sought employment in coal mines.
Animosity towards the Chinese was also largely uncontroversial in the territories, with the Wyoming
Republican party declaring that the Chinese were an undesired group (Storti 98). There is no
definitive date that hints at the beginning of the Rock Springs Massacre in 1885, where many
Chinese miners were killed by white miners. However, origins of this conflict can be traced back to
when the Chinese were first brought in as strikebreakers in 1875 unde the Union Pacific Coal ...
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The massacre occurred spontaneously on September 2, 1885, starting with a dispute between two
white and two Chinese miners over who had the right to work in a valuable section of the mine.
White miners quickly organized themselves and held a meeting to discuss actions, of which
specifics are unknown. What we do know is that afterwards, white miners, now armed, mingled in
the streets chanting anti–Chinese slogans. This soon perpetuated into rioting, burning, and looting in
Chinatown which left at least twenty–eight Chinese dead (Swartout 26). After what is now
considered a massacre, the mob of miners sought three UP officials closely associated with the
hiring of Chinese (Storti 118). Whether if it was a sudden realization of purpose or planned, it is
notable that the two white officials were only demanded to leave town (the Chinese official had
already fled). This vast difference of treatment towards the people in charge of hiring policies,
versus the Chinese miners suggest that the attack was racially charged. Only the Chinese were
attacked, meaning that Mormons and other immigrant groups were not targeted (Laurie

The Role Of Racial Segregation In The South
In the South, they were suffering heavily under the "Jim Crow" laws that segregated schools,
restaurants, hotels, hospitals, etc. They saw North as an escape from all the discriminations and
mistreatments they received from the states and the Whites in the South. Also during this time, the
northern cities were booming economically and salaries paid to the workers were much higher than
compared to the South. This drew many to move up North in pursuit of higher wages. According to
Elizabeth Clark–Lewis, although the large scale migration to the urban centers gave African–
Americans plenty of employment opportunities, discriminatory policies barred African–American
women from 86% of employment categories. The racial segregation combined with

Strikers Played A More Transformative Role During The...
Strikers played a more transformative role during the progressive era. The strikers were the face of
grievances facing workers. They gathered and fought for the rights they thought they deserved. They
were able to accomplish demands that had plagued their lives for years. Without the use of striking
or unionized assemblies, a push for rights would have been lost in the aggressive and influential
employers. The reformers and push to give workers' rights came about from the loud voice of
strikes. The Anthracite Industry is one such unionized group that transformed the work of miners.
The Shirtwaist factory workers is another group of strikers that helps prove that strikers played a
more transformative role. These two groups embody the spirit of transformation towards a better
working life. Anthracite coal mining consisted of differing levels of skill and precision that could be
lucrative depending upon the miner's luck. A coal miner would be lucky to find steady employment,
or to even survive to the day's end. The procedures involved in preparing the coal from the mines to
the shipping was filled with dangers that led the "industry" as "one of the world's most hazardous."
Mine owners to maintain "overhead costs" and keep mine workers in the industry, would tactfully
engage in underemployment. This left workers in state of constant need for more work, or higher
wages to offset working part–time. These Anthracite miners were largely paid more than the average
miner, but

Student Walkout Argument Essay
Peaceful Walkouts The first Amendment clearly states "Congress shall make no law respecting–the
right of the people peaceably to assemble." This amendment shows that people have the right to
come together to defend their beliefs. Student walkouts have been occurring frequently due to the
Florida shooting where Nickolas Cruz opened fire to his classmates. Many lives were lost in the
horrific event and students felt like their safety was been violated. Many guns are falling into the
wrong hands and costing people their lives. If students are willing to walk out of school in honor of
the lost lives they shouldn't have to question if they're own individual rights are at risk. Students are
walking out in hopes of legislators to implement gun control. Alexia Campbell states in "Students
have a right to Protest Gun Violence but they can't Disrupt Class," that students must still abide by
the rules of the school if they participate in the walk out to defend their rights. In another opinion
editorial, "Can School discipline Students for Protesting" Vera Eidelman addresses the issue of
schools having the right to punish students if ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Campbell argues "The schools can punish students but not for expressing their political views." The
school is only allowed to punish the student if they are disrupting school grounds and putting other
students at risk. Teachers are excluded from this student walkout because it does not affect them.
However teachers are encouraged to support the students who stand with injustice of gun violence.
Teachers must watch over the protests so they do not get out of hand. In Missoula, Missouri many
students walked out to in silence for the Parkland, Florida shooting. Protesting is protected by the
first amendment. Teachers must observe the protests to make sure the students are following the
rules of the school

How Eugene Debs Changed America
"While there is a lower class, I am in it, and while there is a criminal element I am of it, and while
there is a soul in prison, I am not free," proclaimed Eugene Debs upon being convicted of violating
the Sedition Act (Metz). As he asserted, Debs was the cornerstone of minorities in America. Eugene
Debs was the icon of the exploited workers, oppressed socialists, and drafted soldiers. He sought to
make America the Utopia. Eugene V. Debs significantly altered America by pioneering the labor
activism through unions, inspiring other activists with successful strikes, halting growing labor
activism with the violent Pullman Strike, changing the American politics with the socialist parties,
improving public health by supporting "sewer socialism," ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The extremely violent nature of the Pullman Strike led by ARU caused the public to protest strikes,
especially against the newcomers who were working in the railway industries (Winston). After the
successful Great Northern Railway strike, the ARU participate in the Pullman Strike, demanding the
rollback of the recently reduced wages (Winston). During the Pullman Strike, the mobs burned and
looted railroad cars (Winston). The strikers were mostly composed of foreign workers since railway
industries provided harsh working conditions, so only new immigrants accepted the jobs (Winston).
Furthermore, the Pullman Palace Car Company hired primarily black strikebreakers, attempting to
initiate racism of the strikers (Winston). Most notably, local presses associated the strikers as
anarchists and communists who came from foreign countries, while highlighting the racist behaviors
of the strikers (Winston). Consequently, American citizens started to associate labor movements as
the actions of foreign communists and anarchists to overthrow their country (Winston). Also, the
association which came from the Pullman strike indirectly contributed to the cause of the Red Scare
(Winston). The public believed that the violent actions were attempts of Communists to overthrow
America to establish a communist state (Winston). Since Eugene Debs led the American Railway

Unskilled Workers In The Late Nineteenth Century
The late nineteenth century in the Unites States was the time of significant urban growth of the
country. The number of industrial wageworkers in America almost doubled by the second half of the
nineteenth century. More than half of the country's men, women, and children made up the laboring
class that performed manual work for wages in a variety of settings, such as many small workshops
run by independent and highly skilled craftsmen or artisans. However, with the rise of large factories
and heavy machinery by the 1870s, the use of highly skilled workers, and common laborers declined
tremendously. Due to the increase mechanization of the country, products that once required skilled
laborers to make were now made by machines in abundance, for much cheaper prices, and with
much less effort. Moreover, introduction of machines reduced labor and manufacturing costs.
Although mechanization of the late nineteenth century changed the country from a rural agricultural
nation to urban industrial homeland and made it the leading manufacturing country in the world,
many workers were unsatisfied and upset with the new change in economy for the reason that
machines took over the part of jobs that required hand skills of men. Second, workers did not get the
satisfaction of seeing their products ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, many rural Americans and immigrants came to the cities to work as unskilled laborers.
Wages for the workers were unreasonably low but slowly climbed except for only those who worked
for longer hours during the week. This led to the high rate of on–the–job injuries and fatalities and
also to frequent periods of unemployment. By 1877, due to the rapid industrialization of the country,
industrial workers began to organize labor unions for many reasons and some of which are for
higher wages, shorter hours of work, and safer working

Harbour Labourers Union Essay
Shipyards the Unions The sectarian workplace cultures of Northern Ireland relocated and re–
positioned within mainland Britain, and in Scotland specifically. The consequence of this resulted in
significantly fewer Irish Catholics having the opportunity of gaining employment in skilled or
management positions, instead the vast majority were consigned to lesser skilled manual jobs. This
phenomenon produced a diverse cultural and social milieu on Clydeside, which can be evidenced in
dockside industrial relations of the 1850s. Kenefick's research uncovered the existence, in the 1850s,
of the Glasgow Harbour Labourers Union (GHLU), an exclusive organisation of a few hundred
members, reputed to have had 'collusive arrangements' with specific ... Show more content on
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Two Ulster immigrants Richard McGhee, a Protestant, and Edward McHugh, a Catholic, formed the
National Union of Dock Labour in Glasgow in 1889. Both men had links with and supported
Michael Davitt the Irish republican agrarian campaigner for Home Rule and land reform. McGhee
and McHugh garnered support within the Glasgow docks for the National Union of Dock Labour
and in doing so openly highlighted the combined heritage of both Catholics and Protestants in
support of Irish labour and the struggle for home rule. The Glasgow Harbour Mineral Workers
Union was formed in 1887 for workers in the coal and iron ore docks with a membership made up
mainly of Irish Catholics. The following year it was embroiled in a dispute at the Glasgow docks
with Martins (one of the main companies handling minerals) who, in an attempt to circumvent the
issue, advertised for 'Protestant only' workers in Belfast. In spite of playing the sectarian card, hiring
and importing strikebreaking workers, Martins lost the dispute. Following a period of sustained
picketing (fifty pickets were arrested) the strikebreakers defected, and Martins settled. Reports at the
time suggest that some of the strikebreakers were given money by the Union to pay for their journey
back to Belfast, while others were secured employment in the shipyards. Like the Glasgow Harbour
Labourers

10 Days That Changed America
10 Days That Unexpectedly Changed America (book) Throughout the narration of America, they
have been numerous factors that shaped the history of the country. Although, the history of America
lies well beyond 10 important days or events, historians' worldwide unanimously came to the final
conclusion that these 10 days/events changed America: the massacre at Mystic on May 26, 1637,
Daniel Shays' rebellion on January 25, 1787, the start of the Gold Rush on January 24,1848, the
Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, the Homestead Strike on July 6, 1892, the assassination
of President McKinley on September 6, 1901, the Scopes Trial on July 21, 1925, Einstein's Letter on
July 16, 1939, Elvis Presley's appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show on September 9, 1956, and
Freedom Summer Tragedy on July 21, 1964. The Mystic Massacre, May 26, 1637, started the first
of the days. The Mystic Massacre took place during the Pequot War. The Pequot war was an
ongoing conflict between the indigenous Pequot (Native American Tribe) and an alliance consisting
of English colonist, Narragansett Indians, and the Mohegan tribe. They were ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The start of the Gold Rush is often credit James Marshall at Sutter's Mill. The story goes on as John
Augustus Sutter, owner of New Helvetica (New Switzerland), wanted expand his territory by adding
a sawmill. Sutter appointed Marshall to trek the land a find a suitable spot. Marshall eventually
found a spot along the American River in the valley of Coloma. During the time after the
construction, on the 24 of January 1848, of the mill that Marshall found gold flakes in the riverbed,
hence starting the first of the Gold Rush. It was not long before rumors spread of gold; which was
later confirmed and spread by the San Francisco newspaper. The Gold Rush attracted people from
all parts of the globe; an estimated 300,000 men, women, and children immigrated to California in
seek of

Race Riots In Chicago
On July 27, 1919, a young African–American man named Eugene Williams unknowingly swam past
an invisible line of segregation at a public beach on Lake Michigan. He was then stoned by white
bystanders, knocked unconscious and drowned. The death of Eugene Williams set off one of the
deadliest and bloodiest riots Chicago has ever seen. I also believe that the labor conflict was another
major reason as to why these riots took place. While there were several other factors that contribute
to the Chicago race riot, I believe that these particular events are what sparked all the madness.
When police arrived to the scene to arrest the white man identified as the one who had killed Eugene
Williams, they refused. This infuriated the black population. ... Show more content on
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"Upwards of 250,000 workers in Chicago were on strike, threatening to strike, or locked out by late
July 1919.In other words, one out of every three or four men and women in wage–earning fields in
which there was the slightest union activity was a participant in a labor

What Are The Qualities Of George Pullman
On September 22, President Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that
as of January 1, 1863, all slaves in the slave states "shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."
As a result, although many aside freed slaves that stayed on the plantations, the ones that left found
themselves with no alternative way to earn a living. As Frederick Douglas stated in his
autobiography; "free from the individual master, but the slave of society" (Tye, 20).
Some freed slaves headed north and succeeded in finding union jobs in iron mills and textile
factories but met with hostility from white coworkers who at the same time resented the Negroes for
being strikebreakers and refused them union membership. Others stayed in the south and worked for
the southern railroads that were more than happy to employ workers used to performing slave labor
and therefore already accustomed to the hard work and long days.
While freed slaves were struggling to make their way in the free world, the industrial George
Pullman was working on taking a normal railroad car and transform it into a luxury sleeper car that
would catapult the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the biggest asset to the Pullman enterprise was that the porters George Pullman hired to
wait on passengers had to be dark–skinned. There was no danger in mistaking a dark–skinned porter
for a passenger and they were viewed as little more than servants. George Pullman's believed that
for passengers to feel comfortable they had to see the porter as someone safe (Tye, 25), someone
already trained with established ways of servicing the wealthy white class. Ideally given the existing
racial divide during the 1860s between African American and whites, a dark–skinned porter would
be someone that they could look at but not actually notice or care to

Essay The Early 20th Century Labor Movement
The early 1900s was a time of many movements, from the cities to the rural farms; people were
uniting for various causes. One of the most widespread was the labor movement, which affected
people far and wide. Conditions in the nation's workplaces were notoriously poor, but New York
City fostered the worst. Factories had started out in the city's tenements, which were extremely
cramped, poorly ventilated, and thoroughly unsanitary. With the advent of skyscrapers, factories
were moved out of the tenements and into slightly larger buildings, which still had terrible
conditions. Workers were forced to work long hours (around 12 hours long) six hours a day, often
for extremely low pay. The pay was also extremely lower for women, who made up a ... Show more
Workers had simple demands, such as a 52–hour workweek, a 20% pay raise, and the right to
organize (von Drehle, 59). The strikers dealt with many problems, such as fierce strikebreakers, and
when brought to the attention of the police, strikers tended to be the ones arrested (von Drehle, 64).
This strike brought the support of many wealthy people including Anne Morgan (Von Drehle, 71),
Alva Smith Vanderbilt Belmont (Von Drehle, 66), just to name a few, who helped bring attention to
the strikers cause. This helped in bringing attention, but was not enough to keep the strike going and
formally ended in winter 1909. The strike did not lead to very many gains, and it would take the
death of 146 workers (Von Drehle, 265) for any actual change to be brought about. The biggest
benefit to labor that came out of the fire was the Factory Investigating Commission, which was born
officially in June 1911 (Von Drehle, 212). The commission had virtual self–governance, and had
investigators that would personally check the conditions of New York factories (Von Drehle, 213).
The commission had a small set of cities it investigated, but was later expanded throughout the state
of New York (Von Drehle, 214). The commission was the product of Wagner and Smith, the so–
called "Tammany Twins", and also brought in Frances Perkins, who would later become the
Secretary of Labor

8 Hour Work Day Research Paper
The world seems to get really worked up about things like oil, water, coal, etc. This isn't a recent
phenomenon. For hundreds of years, probably thousands, people have been making a big deal about
natural resources. In 1914, The Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel and Iron company were
sent to Ludlow, Colorado to attack protesters. What were they protesting against? The United Mine
Workers of America (UMWA) organized this protest in order to basically just become a respected
union in the Colorado area. They also wanted the 8 hour work day to be recognized and enforced.
The miners worked under very dangerous conditions and wanted safety laws to be more strictly
followed. Seems fair, right? Lots of people didn't think so because then

Labor Unions In The 1800s
Labor Union A labor union is as defined in the dictionary, an organization of wage earners formed
for the purpose of serving the members ' interests with respect to wages and working condition.
There are people favor unionâ€™s formation and people against the formation of labor unions. Even
though there are many difficulties in organizing labor union, the union was successful in late 1800s.
Today there are about 16 million workers in the U.S. that belong to a labor union. The purpose of
the union is to helps worker negotiate employment contract through collective bargaining and solve
labor dispute uses method that are legal and illegal. There are several reasons labor unions was
formed in the United States. First, the worker form the union to fight the employerâ€™s practice
division of labor and unfair hiring that which employer divided skilled worker into teams, hire them
to do part of the job then hire women and children at extreme low wages to do other parts. Second,
if worker was injured on the job there was no compensation and the employee was deemed to be
fault. Third, the working condition was poor and unsafe. Fourth, the workers receive low pay and
long working hour with lack of benefit. Fourth, the workers believe there is strength in number, it
will help them fulfill their demands. On the other hand, there are many difficulties in organizing
labor union in America. First, the common law tradition brought to the United States from England
against the formation

John Steinbeck's The Grapes Of Wrath
John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath is often hailed as one of the greatest pieces of American
literature in history. At the time of its release, stores tried desperately to supply the demand for this
book. It tells the story of loss, hope, and endurance of the American people through the eyes of the
people themselves. Steinbeck encapsulates just what it is like to live during this time period as a
farmer trying to get by under the threat of the dust bowl, and the banks who want to replace the
farmers with tractor drivers.
Set during the dust bowl of the 1930's, Steinbeck's book mainly follows the adventures of Tom Joad,
an ex–prisoner on parole after serving 4 years for homicide. Joad meets up with Jim Casey, a former
preacher that baptized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After years of farming and drought, the nutrients were sucked from the soil and made it loose,
causing the soil to become dust and get caught in the wind. The Dust Bowl affected 100,000,000
acres of land centered on the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma. Ten of thousands of families had
to leave their farms to find work, most of them went to California, just like the Joads. However, with
the Great Depression going on, the conditions were only slightly better. The Dust Bowl made such
an impact on America that many pieces of art and literature were based off the time period. The
Grapes of Wrath was one of these pieces, but almost every American has seen photographs of
farmers trying to escape a dust storm, or children sick and starving living in desert like conditions.
Whether it be in a textbook, or the internet, people have seen it, even though they might know how
devastating the Dust Bowl was. Steinbeck is known for his books on the Great Depression times,
such as his other best seller, Of Mice and Men. With The Grapes of Wrath, readers can experience
the hardships of living in this time period and learn more about the government and the people's
opinion of them. Not only is it educational, but many believe that it is just a great book in general.
This book is one to last for

Summary: The Canadian Labour Movement
This video covers a lot of the growth and stunt of unions throughout the 20th century. As the video
states "The Canadian labour movement has been one of the enormous struggle and commitment.
Throughout, government as played a prominent role in defining rights of workers and the power of
employers. This is the story of the government as a friend and foe of Canadian workers" (Taylor).
There were several events in recent Canadian history where the government has intervened and the
workers end up in a worse position then they started with. In more recent decades the government
has slowly been taking away unions ability to work and workers right to strike. The history of the
industrial revolution in Canada has lead to the rise of unions and thus the repression of workers
when they are trying to get their rights.Workers realized they needed to work together in solidarity
to get what they wanted and thus the idea of collective alliance was born. In the late 19th century
when strikes started to occur the government encourages employers to break up unions and hire
strikebreakers, and to use the troops from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pinnacle of the strike comes from Winnipeg in 1919, when workers shut the city down for 40
days. The government intervene once again the mounties and military come in and 10 union leaders
were arrested and 24 unions workers were either injured or killed. But during the wars union
member increased, and in 1943 a bunch of strikes broke out to promote union recognition, by 1944
the government acknowledged union rights. This legalized victories by Canadian workers from the
past 50 years. Slowly the rights were being taken away piece by piece when Pierre Trudeau was
elected. They used the excuse to prevent inflation and taking away essential services but soon these
essential services lost the right to

The History and Violence in American Labor Unions
Strayer University Labor relations professor shereen turner | The History of Violence in American
Labor Unions | | | Michael Cook | 6/6/2010 | Some of the more important events in labor union
history included how unions were stereotyped as violent anarchist, and how they took a stance that
invoked violent activity in three serious events; the Haymarket Riot, Homestead Incident and
Pullman Strike and how these events in ways changed American labor union history. | Up through
the late 1700's to early 1800's, men, women, and even children were subject to intolerable ... Show
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The workers demanded an eight hour workday for which the average work week was sixty hours or
more. The company hired strikebreakers which were often used by this era. On May 3rd, 1886 as a
protest resulted in the killing of an individual by the police, and on May 4th a mass meeting was
called to take place in the Haymarket Square to protest what was seen as police brutality. At the
meeting there were approximately 1500 people as radical speakers addressed the crowd. As the
mood of the crowd began as a peaceful meeting that quickly turned confrontational when the police
began to break up the crowd. As fights broke out, a powerful bomb was thrown. The police began to
use their guns. Seven police officers lost their lives which was later proclaimed that they were not
killed by the bomb but however from the bullets from other police officers from the chaos of the
event. Four citizens were killed and over a hundred were injured. The public was outraged because
of the event. Within the next two weeks, on the cover of a magazine, illustrations were drawn of the
bomb thrown into the crowd, cutting down police officers, and a priest giving last rites to a police
officer at the local police station, thus leading to the blame of the riot on the labor movement and
particularly the Knights of Labor.

The Men Who Built America Essay
The dramatic transformation of America that ensued during the Industrialist Revolution can be
credited to a group of powerful men who fueled innovation, as well as implemented the concept of
the "American dream" during this time period. This elite group included names that are still relevant
today such as Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Vanderbilt. They revolutionized America by always being
one step ahead of the economy while using the factors of industrialization to their advantage; as a
result, they received a fortune that today would be the equivalent of billions of dollars. Through
manipulation and unjust schemes, they created an economy that has paved the way for workers all
around the world today. In order to attain such prosperity and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The railroad and oil industries experience a prominent transformation during this time period,
causing men like Rockefeller and Vanderbilt to see the potential in combining the businesses. For
instance, in The Men Who Built America, Rockefeller transports his oil through Vanderbilt's
railroads, but once Vanderbilt realizes the power that his partner holds, he pulls all of their shared
deals in order to take him down. Since these factors are dependent on each other, Vanderbilt and
Rockefeller establish an agreement in order for their companies to succeed; consequently, this
reliance leads to competition when both sides desire to be on top. Moreover, Rockefeller decides to
build his own pipeline that will transfer his oil, and Vanderbilt loses forty percent of the oil shipped
on his railroads that was initially provided by Rockefeller(The Men Who Built America). The
industrialist period supplied advancements, such as the pipeline, at a constant pace that helped
support the entrepreneurs attempting to upstage their opposition. Technology's progression furthered
the war between Vanderbilt and Rockefeller by giving each man the chance to raise the standard;
also, their need to surpass one another led to more innovations and profit for the two men.
Rockefeller and Vanderbilt's contribution to the industrialist

Hoover Administration And The Great Depression
When Herbert Hoover was elected as the 31st president of the United State, no one back then could
of foreseen the hard times that were about to take place only seven months after he was sworn into
office on March 4, 1929. From 1929 to 1932, the Hoover Administration had to deal with the early
effects of the Great Depression, the culture and escape from the realities of life, and the politics and
economics created by the Great Depression. The Great Depression made many effects on American
life. Some of the bigger effects that it had was on the NAACP, the Scottsboro Case, and Mexican
Americans and Women in the workplace. The NAACP was experiencing important changes as they
began to work diligently to win a positions for blacks in the growing

Mexican-Americans After Ww2
Many minorities and women were given the opportunity to take jobs that were left behind by men
who fought in World War II, but after the war was over, all of those opportunities that many had,
vanished. As a result of this issue, many problems started arising, and people began to be more
involved. Citizens of the United States resisted the social conformity of the 1950's by creating
organizations, starting strikes, and attempting to put segregation to an end.
Primarily, Mexican–Americans went on strike for better plumbing and sanitation. Throughout the
process, many women protesters were being harassed by strikebreakers and injured. As the
document explains, "Local police arrested and harassed the women protesters, sometimes jailing
children ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Westminster, Mexican–Americans were segregated on the subject of education because the districts
separated them into different schools and made some parents question this reason. It wasn't until the
Mendez family hired an attorney and took the districts, their superintendents, and their school
boards to court that would help equal all Americans. These Mexican–American children weren't
given the opportunity of attending the same schools as the Anglos because of the assumptions made
of all children working in the fields, all children attending school late, and all of these children
knowing no English. There was no distinction made between these children. The Mendez's family
attorney proved that there is no law that specifically says that these districts can separate these
children. He also accepted the argument of this action violating the fourteenth amendment. He also
noted that each districts actions were, "... a clear purpose to arbitrarily discriminate the pupils of
Mexican ancestry and to deny them the equal protection of the laws". Even though this case didn't
change any laws outside of the state, it nevertheless ended segregation and would soon influence
other civil rights cases across the

Photo Analysis: 'Ford Strikers Riot'
This photo, entitled "Ford Strikers Riot", is the 1942 Pulitzer Prize winner. The photo was taken by
a man named Milton Brooks during a protest against the Ford automobile company. Henry Ford
started the Ford company and invented the assembly line to improve car assembly. The strike
against Ford's River Rouge plant in Dearborn started in April of 1941. This was the first time
workers managed to fully shut down the Rouge plant. Their strikes were set off by so many wage
cuts as well as the horrible dangers of the plant. The Ford company was also not allowing their
employees to create unions, something all of the other car companies had allowed. Anyone who
tried to start a union was put in danger of being fired or possibly hurt. There were unions to protect
the workers rights and a strike was necessary.
The workers were protesting against Ford while on strike. Strikebreakers were often sent to break up
their protests, and one is in this picture. This strikebreaker in particular failed at his job, and was
beaten by the men on strike before ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Milton Brooks was a reporter and journalist for the Detroit News. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1942,
about a year after the photo was taken. Brooks describes his experience taking the photo saying, "I
took the picture quickly, hid the camera under my coat and ducked into the crowd. A lot of people
would have liked to wreck that picture." By this he means that the strikebreaker would not want
anyone to know that he was beaten by some strikers and the strikers would not want everyone to
know they were collectively beating a man during a protest. The workers went on strike because of
the harsh conditions and low pay. Everyone can learn from the mistakes Henry Ford made, strongly
opposing unions when they were long overdue. This picture shows the reality of different sides of
the strike against the Ford car company and what they were willing to do to get what they

The Causes Of The Triangle Fire Of 1911

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