21st Century Classroom Technology"TITLE"Network Design for Educational Program" TITLE"IPv6 Configuration on Juniper Router"TITLE"CCNA Case Study Network Design"TITLE"IP Subnetting and Routing Study Guide"TITLE"Router Configuration for EIGRP Routing

Essay Layering & Internet Model
There are three parts to this assignment relating to each lecture in Module 1.
Part 1: Layering and the Internet Model
Imagine that a technology organization has been in business for decades, and that the organization
developed its own method of computer–to–computer communication. Because this method of
communication only occurs within this organization, it is not layered, but rather is designed to
operate as quickly and efficiently as possible on the custom hardware by using the least amount of
overhead possible. The organization continues to create its own communication hardware and
software that works with modern computers, but the CTO of the organization is considering
replacing this custom communication solution with the adoption ... Show more content on
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Thus Cost will be reduced as there will be many vendors offering the products at different layers.
Competition and compatibility of the products will be more, which will in turn reduce the cost.
Topic 2: The Disadvantages of a Layered Model
Identify and describe the disadvantages of a layered solution when compared to the organization's
non–layered solution.
1.The processing and data overhead because for any communication to take place it has to go
through all 5 layers (internet model ) and 7 layers for OSI model.
2. The data overhead as it adds headers at each layer as the datagram moves down the stack. Thus
part of bandwidth is used for the protocol headers instead of message/data.
3. Addition of headers at each layer also increases the computation overhead.
Topic 3: The Layers of the Internet Model
Identify the layers of the Internet Model, and explain what functionality each layer would provide
for the organization, if adopted.
Layers of the Internet Model :
1. The Physical Layer 2. The Data link layer 3. The Network layer 4. The Transport layer 5. The
Application layer
Physical layer : The Physical layer is the lowest layer of the internet model and is concerned with
the transmission and reception of the unstructured raw bit stream. It describes the electrical/optical,
mechanical, and functional interfaces to the physical medium, and carries the signals for all of

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21st Century Classroom : Classroom Essay
21st century classroom. A 21st century classroom emphasis on the effective uses of technology and
encourages students to develop learning skills that involve using of various applications.
Classrooms of 21st century are interactive in nature. These are beyond the physical boundaries and
independent of time zones. Grouping of social network, inclusion of digital games, use of e–
textbooks, open source books, and open source applications are becoming fundamentals of the
present–day classroom environment. Apart from learning concepts, students also acquire skills as
organization, articulation, project management and collaboration. Classrooms with wireless network
and devices like laptops, and tablets encourage students to complete their homework online, manage
their blogs, collaboratively manage data and use online resources to support the class work.
Furthermore, interactive whiteboards and multimedia technologies in the classroom allow students
to seamlessly share their work with the entire class. Undeniably, integrating technology into
education improves students' commitment and retention towards the subjects. It gears them to take
over 21st century careers in today's increasingly global information economy [8f]. Technologies
impact on pedagogical organization Mordern Technologies Nowadays number of technologies is
influencing our life styles. Some examples are high speed networks, wireless communication, Cloud
Computing, Smart phone/hand held devices, Universal Storage

The Network Structure Is Called Learning Beyond
Organization Description
The organization we will be working for to organize and implement their network structure is called
Learning Beyond. It is a small educational program that students can attend after school in place of
the after–school child–care. It provides a fun educational environment for students who are in need
of additional tutoring in certain subjects, or who wish to expand their knowledge beyond the school
day. As of right now, it is fairly small, but we would like room for additional growth as the program
gains popularity. The basic requirements are two main instructor computers, 10 student laptops, and
one wireless printer. Internet access will be needed for each of these computers as well. An
additional building will later be provided at an alternate location that will need to be connected to
this main network. A Juniper Router will be needed, since the operating system the computers will
be running will be JUNOS. We will configure the network to be run on the IPv6 addressing system,
to prevent the need of reconfiguration when the mass crossover to IPv6 occurs. The network needs
to be configured to add any additional devices that will be needed in the future as the program
grows.
Configuring IPv6 on a Juniper router A router on the network will provide the ability to connect
multiple local area networks (LAN) together in order for them to communicate. In this case, we will
be using a Juniper router to accommodate the JUNOS operation system.

Fvbff
CCNA4 Exploration: Accessing the WAN Guided Case Study Student: Date: Marks: Overview and
Objectives This final case study allows students to build and configure a complex network using
skills gained throughout the course. This case study is not a trivial task. To complete it as outlined
with all required documentation will be a significant accomplishment. The case study scenario
describes the project in general terms, and will explain why the network is being built. Following
the scenario, the project is broken into a number of phases, each of which has a detailed list of
requirements. It is important to read and understand each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Expect 100% growth of current IP requirements when determining size of subnets. All networking
devices must have IP addresses. Use the private class B _______ network for internal addressing
throughout the company's WAN and LAN networks. Use VLSM for IP addressing. Use subnet
200.1.1.0/24 for connection to the Internet via the HQ router in Exeter. There is a DNS server at
address 198.198.1.2/24 connected to the HQ router. Security between the various networks is
required to be controlled via firewalls (access control lists). One public address, 199.199.199.1, has
been provided external access to the Internet for the company. Phase 1: Network Design (20 marks)
1. Produce a logical diagram with IPv4 addressing for the based on the scenario given for the WANs
and LANs for South West Electrical that includes: ▪ Use ______ for internal addressing with IP
subnet zero enabled. ▪ Apply /30 subnets on all serial interfaces, using the last available subnets. ▪
Define router and switch names Design a redundant switched network with spanning–tree to elect
the root bridge. ▪ Define VLANs, names and their network addresses. Design for the propagation of
VLANs with VTP. ▪ All network addresses. ▪ Number of hosts per network. ▪ Link Speeds. Design
to secure the ports on the switches using port

IP Networking: Midterm Study Guide
Subnetting–
Determine the classes – Classful vs Classless
Class A: The first bit in the first octet must remain a 0. The remaining seven bits can be a 1, giving a
maximum total of 127. The first octet, however, cannot be 0 (local identification, or "this network")
or 127 (loopback). Class A first octet range is 0 through 127, although the valid range is 1 through
126.
Class B: The first bit in the first octet becomes a 1. The second bit, however, must remain a 0. The
remaining six bits can be a 1, giving a maximum total of 191. Class B first octet range is 128
through 191.
Class C: The first and second bits in the first octet become 1s. The third bit must remain a 0. The
remaining five bits can be a 1, giving a maximum total of 223. Class ... Show more content on
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Bridges and switches increase collision domains.
What tool does Ethernet use to avoid collision?
Ethernet uses an algorithm known as the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
algorithm to avoid collision.
Routing–
Know the process the router uses to make routing decisions
Routers use the following general steps to make routing decisions:
For each received frame, use the data–link trailer frame check sequence (FCS) field to ensure that
the frame has no errors; if errors occurred, discard the frame (and do not continue to the next step).
Check the frame's destination data–link layer address, and process only if addressed to this router or
to a broadcast/multicast address.
Discard the incoming frame's old data–link header and trailer, leaving the IP packet.
Compare the packet's destination IP address to the routing table, and find the route that matches the
destination address. This route identifies the outgoing interfaces of the router, and possibly the next–
hop router.
Determine the destination data–link address used for forwarding packets to the next router or
destination host (as directed in the routing table).
Encapsulate the IP packet inside a new data–link header and trailer, appropriate for the outgoing
interface, and forward the frame out that interface.
Use a routing table to determine a path
"Network numbers and subnet numbers represent a group of addresses that begin with the same
prefix. In which of the groups in [the] routing

Commands Http Router Of Router Essay
Commands to configure router to EIGRP
Enable the Routing Information Protocol on the router. Write router(config)#router rip
Using network command detects the network available, using this command you will be able to
detect network connected directly to router. write Router(config–router)#network
YOU.RNE.TWR.KID
Write the main network address if your network is sub netted without having to write the subnets i.e.
if you some subnets connected to the router(172.32.0.0/24, 172.32.1.0/24, and 172.32.2.0/
Write the main network address without the subnets I.e. if you have subnet connected to router 24,
you just put them to a single 'network' using the following command Router(config–
router)#network 172.32.0.0 and the subnet will be automatically be connected to the router
To adjust the timers (flush timers, invalid, update and hold down) using the "time basic' command.
These parameters are in seconds. Write " Router(config–router)#timers basic 30 180 180 240" will
set default values if the rip timer
Stop the update from being spread to the network, if there is any router inter interface connected to
internet. Use the; passive interface; command. This command will prevent the interface from
forwarding any RIP broadcast and will be able to listen to other interface in RIP. "Write Router
(config–router) #passive–interface" followed by "INTTYPE INTNUMBER" where, INTTYPE is
the type of the interface, such as Serial, Fast Ethernet, or Ethernet and INTNUMBER is the

Benefits Of Using Vpn Account
PROTOCOL CHOICES The company ABC will consist of several LANs, each of them will serve
one part of the organization. Since the ABC Company is a worldwide company and has different
location in various states and countries, it will require installing a WAN (Wide Area Network) to
connect the different location with each other. All of these WAN connections will be set up as a
VPN to have better, strong and secure communication within the business. The choice of VPN is
because it is useful for multiples network connection. By using VPN it will be possible to share
servers and other network resources among multiples offices across the world. Moreover, another
advantage of using VPN is that all employees can work at the same time whether they are in or out
of the office. Even those working at home are able to interact with each other and have the same
work experience. The administrator will have full control over what the employee can do, for
security purpose. (Advantages of using VPN Account). A proxy (technically an open proxy) server
is a computer that acts as an intermediary between your computer and the internet. Any traffic
routed through a proxy server will appear to come from its IP address, not your computers. Unlike
VPN servers, proxy servers do not have to devote resources to encrypting all traffic that passes
through them, and therefore can accept simultaneous connections from a great many more users
(typically tens of thousands). We decided to not go with Proxy due

The Osi Reference Model Inn A Data Communication Network
Q: 1 (a) explain the data encapsulation process in the OSI reference model inn a data
communication network.
Ans:– The way toward going data through the layers of the OSI is called epitome. A convention
information unit is a parcel of data made by a PC and go starting with one layer of the OSI then onto
the next.
b). identify the advantages of layered approach of OSI reference model.
1) It is really non–specific model which is considered as a standard model.
2) It backings association situated and also connectionless administrations.
3) This layer takes after reflection rule that is change in one layer does not affect much on other
layer.
4) It is more secure and versatile than having all administrations packaged in a solitary layer. ...
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ARP: – : stands for address resolution protocol and it helps to find the hardware address of a host
from its recognised ip address. IT facilitates data exchange between computers on the same
network. It is only used for one address request at a time. It operates as a interface between network
and data link layer. DNS: – : stands for domain Name Server. It converts more readily learnt domain
names to the numerical IP address required for the purpose of finding and classifying computer
amenities and devices with the essential network protocols. This is used to resolve human readable
hostname like www.google.com.
Q.2
A). explain broadcast domain and collision domain with an example.
BROADCAST DOMAIN: Broadcast spaces have a place with an arrangement of gadgets in a
similar IP system and works at layer three of the OSI show. That communicate message goes to each
PC and system gadget in the communicate area. Regardless of what number of hosts or gadgets are
associated together, in the event that they are associated with a repeater, center point, switch or
extension, every one of these gadgets are in ONE Broadcast domain.
Collision domain– is a piece of a network connected by common medium through repeaters where
data packets can crash with one another by being sent. It occur when more than one device efforts to
send a packet on a network section at the similar time. Commonly we call media as shared

An Introduction to Windows 2000 Professional Essay
An Introduction to Windows 2000 Professional Reliability
Windows 2000 Professional is up to 30 percent faster and, according to National Software Testing
Labs (NSTL) tests, 13 times more reliable than Windows 98. The operating system is the most
reliable version of Windows ever produced.
Memory conflicts and missing or altered system files caused many of the system crashes prior to
Windows 2000. To put an end to these problems, Microsoft changed Windows 2000 memory
management to reduce the chance that software applications will interfere with one another. In
addition, Windows 2000 includes a built–in safeguard called Windows File Protection. This feature
helps prevent critical operating system files from being deleted or ... Show more content on
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NSTL collected uptime data in the real–world environment of several customer sites and concluded
that the average system uptime between failures of Windows 2000 Professional is 13 times more
than that of Windows 98 and three times more than that of Windows NT Workstation 4.0. The
following graph shows results of the test. Another test conducted by ZD labs showed that over a 90
day period Windows 2000 Professional did not fail, while Windows 98 and Windows NT did.
IT managers have stated unequivocally that Windows 2000 Professional provides far superior
performance and reliability compared to Windows 95. The reported performance disparity between
Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows NT Workstation and Windows 2000 Professional has not
been as extreme as with Windows 95, but significant improvements do exist. A 300 percent increase
in hardware support, significant improvements in hardware utilization and the long–awaited
combination of stability and user friendliness for laptop systems are just a few examples ((2)
Windows).
Mobile Use
Windows 2000 Professional is quickly becoming the operating system of choice by mobile users.
One big reason is that this latest version of Windows includes a number of notebook–friendly
features, including communications tools for dial–up networking. Windows 2000 Professional
contains

Voice Over Internet Protocol Term Paper
Introduction
Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) is a technology that offers voice communications using the
existing Internet protocols. Over the years the Internet has developed as a very cheap medium that
has been used to send electronic mails and files across the globe. VoIP extends this concept and
provides the facility to send voice data between people using the IP framework. Since the Internet is
a cheap medium, enabling voice services through it will effectively cut costs that are normally
encountered in making calls through normal telephone lines. This would mean that people across the
world can talk to each other at a fraction of the cost that they could be spending when they use
normal telephone lines. This is exactly what makes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How VoIP functions
At the basic level, VoIP functions much like the common Internet services that are available today.
Voice data is received at one end of the IP network and is compressed, digitized, and broken down
into data packets with unique serial numbers. A universal lookup table or an IP reference table helps
the server at the call originating end to find out the IP of the receiver to whom the call is placed.
Once the IP is resolved, data is sent to the destination IP much in the same fashion that emails and
web data is transferred across the network. The data packets that are received at the destination end
is collected, arranged according to sequence numbers, and converted back to analog signals so that
the receiver can hear the voice. VoIP is possible between two computers, between two telephones
that are connected to a network or even between a computer and a telephone. This means that a
person with a PC can originate a call to a landline or vice versa [Jain, 2004]
The advantages of VoIP
• Voice and Data Integration
VoIP is a definite step towards integration of voice and data; a need that has been increasingly
researched since the last few decades. Integration of voice and data would mean that data transfer
can be controlled effectively thereby making data manipulation faster and more secure. VoIP will
use a host of technologies like voice encryption in future to ensure that data transfer across voice
sensitive servers happen

Nt1330 Unit 4 Research Project 1
Unit 4 Research Project 1: Chapter 5 Mind Maps
Component Physical Function Logical Function
CPU Operates operations that lead to making a PC work. Mastermind of the computer
NIC Furnishes a PC with a physical connection to the PC system.
Cables and Connectors Coaxial Cable, UTP, RJ45 Interfaces the PC to different things, for example,
force source, Ethernet.
Local area switch ,Router ,Bridge System extension used to make an association between two
different PC systems or to gap one system into two. LAN switch–gives a focal association between
two or more PCs on a system. Switch advances information parcels between PC systems
OS ,Microsoft Windows,Linux. Operating systems, memory management is the function responsible
for managing the computer's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Permits the PC to perform different assignments send and get email, turn upward sites, and so on
2. Important types of local area network and wide area networks technologies:
LAN Technologies How used in Data Network WAN Technologies How Used in Data Network
Ethernet Physical systems administration innovation used to convey information over the web. Point
to Point Protocol =PPP For correspondence between two PCs utilizing a serial interface or a PC
joined by telephone line to a server.
Logical Ring Joined in a ring or star topology and a bit–or token–passing plan is utilized as a part of
request to keep the impact of information between two PCs that need to send messages in the
meantime. Abnormal state Data Link Control Information is composed into a unit (called an edge)
and sent over a system to a destination that confirms its effective entry likewise deals with the
stream or pacing at which information is sent.
Fiber Distributed Data Interface. Measures for information transmission on fiber optic lines–can
stretch out in reach up to 124 miles. Asynchronous Transfer Mode =ATM composes computerized
information into 53–byte cell units and transmits them more than a physical medium utilizing
advanced sign

Bluetooth Vs. Bluetooth Essay
1.2 Bluetooth application
Bluetooth is designed to operate in an environment of many users. Up to eight devices can
communicate in a
small network called a piconet. Ten of these piconets can coexist in the same coverage range of the
Bluetooth
radio. To provide security, each link is encoded and protected against eavesdropping and
interference.
Bluetooth provides support for three general application areas using short–range wireless
connectivity:
 Data and voice access points. Bluetooth facilitates real–time voice and data transmissions by
providing
effortless wireless connection of portable and stationary communications devices.
 Cable replacement. Bluetooth eliminates the need for numerous, often proprietary cable
attachments for
connection of practically any kind of communications device. Connections are instant and are
maintained
even when devices are not within line of sight. The range of each radio is approximately 10 m, but
can be
extended to 100 m with an optional amplifier.
 Ad hoc networking. A device equipped with a Bluetooth radio can establish instant connection to
another Bluetooth radio as soon as it comes into range.
1.3 Bl uetooth Standards Documents

The Bluetooth standards present a formidable bulk–well over 1,500 pages, divided into two groups:
core and
profile. The core specifications describe the details of the various layers of the Bluetooth protocol
architecture,
from the radio interface to link control. Related topics are also

Mac Os Classic Has Its Shortcomings Essay
Since the first Macintosh operating system, System 1, back in 1984 there has been 15 major
versions issued. System 1 was the beginning point of the GUI based systems made available to the
market. No longer relying on the text command line, it relied on the user manipulation of the GUI
and mouse. However, the Mac OS Classic had its shortcomings. According to Jonathan Levin
(2012), "Memory management was poor, however, and multitasking was cooperative, which–by
today's standards––is considered primitive. Cooperative multitasking involves process voluntarily
yielding their CPU timeslice, and works reasonably well when processes are well behaved" (p. 3,4).
This wasn't always the case and any process malfunction would shut down the system. System 3,
released in 1986 introduced File System Hierarchy, storing files in a tree like directory that is
currently common on all operating systems today. It also was the first system to have Disk Cache
that kept regularly used commands in the memory that sped up operations. There were several
minor versions in between System 3 until System 7. System 7 was released in 1991 and it made use
of a hard drive instead of a floppy disk that was too limited in size. It also had virtual memory that
used free space on the hard drive as random access memory (RAM). Mac OS 7.6, released in 1997,
was the first version to use the "Mac OS" instead of "System" in it naming scheme. Mac OS 7.6 and
Mac OS 8.0 released also in 1997, where very

Questions with Explanation
Q1: If an Ethernet port on router was assigned an IP address of 172.16.112.1/20, what is the
maximum number of hosts allowed on this subnet? A. 1024 B. 2046 C. 4094 D. 4096 E. 8190
Answer: C Explanation: Given IP address of 172.16.112.1 / 20, subnet mask: 255.255.240.0 max.
num of hosts =(( 2^12) –2 ) = 4096–2 = 4094 Q2.:An access list was written with the four
statements shown in the graphic. Which single access list statement will combine all four of these
statements into a single statements that will have exactly the same effect?
A. access–list 10 permit 172.29.16.0 0.0.0.255 B. access–list 10 permit 172.29.16.0 0.0.1.255 C.
access–list 10 permit 172.29.16.0 0.0.3.255 D. access–list 10 permit 172.29.16.0 0.0.15.255 E.
access–list 10 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A host in an Ethernet network can communicate with another host,only if it knows the Ethernet
address (MAC address) of that host.The higher level protocols like IP use a different kind of
addressing scheme like (IP address) from the lower level hardware addressing scheme like MAC
address.ARP is used to get the Ethernet address of a host from its IP address.ARP is extensively
used by all the hosts in an Ethernet network.In this case there is already an entry for this IP
address,Meaning this host already knows the MAC to IP address mapping for this destination so
there is no need to send out an ARP request instead it will send the ICMP packet directly to
192.168.1.254 via unicast. Q7.An internetwork has been configured as shown in the diagram, with
both routers using EIGRP routing for AS 44.Users on the Branch router are unable to reach any of
the subnets on the HQ router.Which of the following commands is necessary to fix this problem.?
A. Branch(config–router)# version 2 B. Branch(config–router)# no auto–summary C.
Branch(config–router)# redistribute eigrp 44 D. Branch(config–router)# EIGRP log–neighbor–
changes E. Branch(config–router)# default–information originate Explanation:By default, EIGRP

How Modbus Is A Type Of Communication
Modbus is a type of communication among many devices connected to the same network, for
example a system that measures temperature and humidity and communicates the results to a
computer. Modbus is often used to connect a supervisory computer with a remote terminal unit
(RTU) in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. [17]
In simple words, it can be explained as a method used for transmitting information over the lines
between electronic devices. The device asks the information is called the Modbus Master and the
devices supply information is Modbus Slaves. In a standard Modbus network, there is one Master
and up to 247 Slaves, each with a unique Slave Address from 1 to 247. The Master can also write
information to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This number tells the slave which table to be accessed. It also decides whether to read from or write
to the table.
3.2 Internet Protocol
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to
another on the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address
that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.[18]
While data transferred in a network, is sent or received(for simple understanding, an e–mail note or
a Web page), the message is divided into little pieces called packets. Each of these packets includes
both the sender 's internet address and also the receiver 's internet address. A packet is firstly sent to
a gateway computer which is the first station of the Internet. The gateway computer reads the
destination address and forwards the packet to an higher gateway which reads the destination
address and transfer it over the internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a
computer within its area or domain. The packet then is sent by gateway directly to the computer
which address is specified.
3.2.1 Subnet
A subnet represents all the devices found at one location. It can be a building or the same local area
network (LAN). If a company 's network are divided into subnets that allows everyone to connect to
the Internet with a single shared network address. If there is no

Hybrid Android Based Home Automation
UJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated
Government Engineering College, Modasa
A
Project Report
On
"Hybrid Android based Home Automation"
Submitted by:
Name of student Enrollment No.
Manthan R. Lunagariya 130160111038
Dhruvish A. Panchal 130160111048
Guided By:
Prof. N.J.Bathani
Academic year
(2016–17)
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE MODASA
Electronics & Communication Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "Hybrid Android based Home Automation" has been
carried out by Manthan R. Lunagariya (130160111038) under my guidance in fulfillment of the
Subject, Design Engineering in B.E. Electronics & Communication Engineering of Gujarat
Technological University during the academic year 2016.
Head of the Department ____________________ Prof. N.J.Bathani

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE MODASA
Electronics & Communication Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "Hybrid Android based Home Automation" has been
carried out by Dhruvish A. Panchal (130160111048) under my guidance in fulfillment of the
Subject, Design Engineering in B.E. Electronics & Communication Engineering of Gujarat
Technological University during the academic year 2016.
Head of the Department ____________________ Prof. N.J.Bathani
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It

Course Materials
Lab 5.1 Connect the Internetwork Lab Review Questions 1. For what purpose is a transceiver used?
A transceiver can be used for converting one type of Ethernet connector to another or by converting
one type of I/O port to an Ethernet port. 2. This lab connects routers directly to each other via serial
cables. Is this a typical configuration? No, By default, Cisco routers are DTE (Data Terminal
Equipment)/ DCE (Data Circuit–Terminating Equipment) If not, to what equipment does the DCE
end of the serial cable usually connect? If Router A is connected to the DTE end of the cable, Router
B must be connected to the DCE end 3. What does a rollover (console) cable look like? Rollover
cable is often used to connect a computer terminal to a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Refer to Figure 5–2. What will the host name of your router be? lab–a 2. Which interfaces is your
router using? F0/0, F0/1, and S0/3/0 3. What are the IP addresses and subnet masks for those
interfaces? 192.5.5.1 and 255.255.255.0, 205.7.5.1 and 255.255.255.0, 201.100.11.1 and
255.255.255.0 4. What is the enable secret password? class 5. What is the enable password? cisco 6.
What is the VTY password? cisco 15. There is another way to access the initial configuration dialog
other than being prompted for it automatically as a consequence of having erased the contents of
NVRAM. You can use the setup command at the privileged EXEC mode prompt. Press Enter if
necessary to reach the user EXEC mode prompt. What does this prompt look like? Greater than
symbol (>) 16. Type enable and press Enter to access privileged EXEC mode, which is also known
as enable mode. You should be prompted for the enable secret password you configured in the
system configuration dialog. How do you know you are being prompted for the enable secret
password and not the enable password? Because the secret password was set during the initial setup
process 17. Type class and press Enter. How did the prompt change? lab–a> to lab–a# Review
Questions 1. When configuring a router, when would you choose basic management setup rather
than extended setup? You would use basic management setup when you only need to configure

Ccna Lab Manual
CCNA LAB MANUAL
VERSION 7.0 A PRODUCT OF
CTTC
PREPARED BY
FURQAN YASEEN
2
I would like to thank the Technical Director Mr. Farrukh Nizami, & Traning Consultant Mr. Ahmed
Saeed for their guidance. This Lab Manual is the product of the hard work of a team. The new Cisco
CCNA curriculum validates the ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot medium–size
routed and switched networks, including implementation and verification of connections to remote
sites in a WAN. The new curriculum also includes basic mitigation of security threats, introduction
to wireless network concepts and terminology, and the addition of more compelling lab exercises.
The recommended CCNA training includes the Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices ... Show
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Encrypted Telnet password CISCO(config)# service password–encryption
Lab1 Prepared by Furqan Yaseen
8 How to Set Banner CISCO(config)# banner login # 10 YEARS OF CTTC #
Verify the Banner CISCO(config)# exit CISCO# exit 10 YEARS OF CTTC User Access
Verification Username: furqan Password: CISCO>enable Password: CISCO#
Configure SSH
!!! create a local user name CISCO(config)# username furqan password cisco !!! Assign a domain
name CISCO(config)# ip domain–name cisco.com !!! This Command takes few a min to generate
key CISCO(config)# crypto key generate rsa
CISCO(config)# line vty 0 15 CISCO(config–line)# password cisco CISCO(config–line)# login
local !!! Configure vty ports for using SSH CISCO(config–line)# transport input telnet ssh

Lab1
CTTC (PVT) Ltd. Karachi –Pakistan.
(00 92 21) 4310956, 4300003–6
Visit us www.cttc.net.pk
9
Verify Command's CISCO# show crypto key mypubkey rsa
Switch Static IP address Configuration
!!! To Manage Telnet, SSH Session on a Switch we need IP address
!!! Enter Vlan1 Configuration Mode

Application Server : A Server
1) Server – A server is a computer or a device which is connected on a network that is managing all
the network data. There are many types of servers, for example file server, database server, print
server, etc.
Client – A client is part of a client server, a client runs on a personal computer or in most cases on a
work station and relies on the server to perform some of the operations. For example, an email client
is an app that enables you to send and receive emails.
Router – The router is a hardware device which has the role to analyse and move incoming data
packets to another network. For example a router can be found in almost all households used to
connect to the internet.
Connecting backbone – A back bone is a line or a set of lines that local area networks can connect to
for a wide area network connection or with a local area network to span distances efficiently. A large
company which is established in many different locations may use a backbone connection to tie all
the locations together.
2)
Connection method Description Advantages Disadvantages
Wireless
Connecting in between devices without a cable. No hassle in always using wires. Wireless has a
limited signal range or the connection could be weak.
Broadband
Is a high speed data transmission which only one cable can carry a large amount of data at once. It
does not affect the phone line and you get a faster data transfer. Not all Cable TV networks have
been equipped for cable internet access.

Computer Communication
Section 1 Introduction
1.1 COMMUNICATIONS
Computer communications is the process of sharing data, programs, and information between two
or more computers. We have discussed numerous applications that depend on communication
systems, including: E–mail – Provides a fast, efficient alternative to traditional mail by sending and
receiving electronic documents. Instant messaging – Supports direct, "live" electronic
communication between two or more friends or buddies. Internet telephone – provides a very low
cost alternative to long–distance telephone calls using electronic voice delivery. Electronic
commerce – buying and selling goods electronically
In this chapter, we will focus on the communication systems ... Show more content on
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LANs are widely used by colleges, universities and other types of organizations to link
microcomputers and to share printers and other resources.
The LAN represented is a typical arrangement and provides two benefits are
Economy and flexibility. People can share costly equipment. For instance, the four micro computers
share the laser printer and the file server, which are expensive pieces of hardware, Other equipment
or nods may also be added to the LAN – for instance, more microcomputers a mainframe computer
or optical disk storage devices. Additional t he network gateway is a device that allows one LAN to
be linked to other LANs or to a larger network. For example, the LAN of one office group may be
connected to the LAN of another office group.
There are a variety of different standards or ways in which nodes can be connected to one another
and ways in which their communications are controlled in a LAN. The most common standard is
known as Ethernet. LANs using this standard are sometimes referred to as Ethernet LANs
HOME NETWORKS
While LANs have been widely used within organizations for years, they are now being commonly
used by individuals in their homes and apartments. These LANs called home networks allow
different computers to share resources including a common Internet connection. Computers can be
connected in a variety of ways including electrical wiring, telephone wiring and special cables. One
of the simplest ways however is

The George Hotel's Prospects for the future
The George Hotel is a controversial project that will bring much needed rejuvenation to a lacking
lower Gibsons. The George though being battled by many will bring much needed employment
opportunities to the sunshine coast. This expansion to our waterfront will also bring with it a boost
in tourism and keep the bustling culture of lower Gibsons alive. With this project comes heavy
opposition from people all over the Sunshine Coast. Many people feel that the design of this project
is not aesthetically pleasing and will not fit in with the "quaint" style of our town. I would like to
pose the question what is the style of this town? Is there a style of architecture that is recognizable
feature of Gibsons or does the the differentiation of all buildings make Gibsons unique. One other
problem that has been posed is the breaking of the OCP height restrictions. The proposed height for
The George is 25 metres which is approximately 8 stories, double the current OCP restrictions.
People worry that if we were to change the rules for one building would other developers run in and
try slip under the rules too. For this town to further flourish we need to think about changing some
of the rules of the OCP to allow projects that will help further our community culturally, and
economically. Economically speaking The George will provide many full and part time jobs for
residents of the Sunshine Coast. A proposed 130 full time and part time in hotel administration,
accounting,

Lack Of Indoor Coverage And Low Data Rates
different approach to the existing problems of lack of indoor coverage and low data rates.
Femtocells are fully featured, short range mobile phone base stations used to complement mobile
phone services from larger macrocell towers. These range from very compact residential femtocells
to larger equipment used inside offices or public spaces. They offer excellent mobile phone
coverage and data speeds at all the places. Femtocells have been developed for 3G and also the
newer 4G/LTE radio technologies.
III. DEFINITION OF A FEMTOCELL
Femtocells, also known as 'home base stations', are small low power cellular network access points
that connect standard 3GPP devices to a mobile operator's network using residential Digital
Subscriber Line ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although there are certain issues to be handled but still the following major advantages can be
listed: a) compensates for poor cellular coverage inside the homes or small enterprise. b) Provides
plug and play feature thus providing the user with ease of installation and usage. c) Compact
structure, that is the Femtocell is actually the UTRAN in a box and offers all services through
existing broadband internet connection. d) Voice and data calls takes place through the secure IP–
Sec Tunnel thus offering good quality of encryption and helps in securing the data. e) Helps in
offloading the macro traffic and cell phones automatically switch over to the Femtocell coverage
when in range. f) Femtocells are compatible with all 3GPP handheld devices and help improve the
data speed and coverage in the areas where there are slow speeds and poor coverage. g) Femtocells
can not only work efficiently with the existing network infrastructure by extending the cellular
macro network but also can serve as primary network if sufficient number of Femtocells are
provided in the region thus reducing the number of macrocells reducing equipment cost and
complexity
IV. SMALL CELL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The lab setup of Small Cell Management System along with its Network Element (NE) is as shown
in Fig 1. SCMS consists of Wireless management system (WMS), FileServer (FS), Home device
manager (HDM) and Network

Computer Technology And Its Impact On Computer Crime
"Cyberwarfare is the use of computer technology to disrupt the activities of a state or organization,
especially the deliberate attacking of information systems for strategic or military purposes"
(Oxford Dictionary, 2016). While this definition may seem fitting on a global basis the idea of
cybercrime can encompass any valuable information of an individual, company, government, or
military entity. The term hacker came about in the early 80's defining a coup of people where were
proficient at manipulating computers. However, in 2016 the Oxford Dictionary defines hacker as "a
person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data". In the early stages of cybercrime
hackers spread programs called worms, computer viruses and trojan ... Show more content on
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Users would click on the links, be rerouted to a web page that looked like their bank, but was
actually a page developed by the hackers. Once the users entered their user ID and password, the
hackers had all the information they needed to access the users accounts.
In the early 2000's new criminal opportunities arose by attacking Web sites. Denial of Service (DoS)
attacks took place by having large numbers of computers accessing a Web site at the same time.
This provided cyber criminals with two things, global visibility, and financial opportunity. As
technologies evolve and advance, so do the abilities of the hackers. Now, the goal is to stay one step
ahead. It is not a matter of if a system can get hacked, but rather a question of when.
Specific functional business areas have common aspects of their software and hardware setup. For
example, the banking industry uses financial software and specific hardware, such as Automated
Teller Machines. The medical industry uses medical records software and specific hardware, such as
ultrasound and X–ray machines. The energy industry, uses substations controlled by master servers.
""Every substation is controlled by the master, which is controlled by the operator," says researcher
Chris Sistrunk who, along with Adam Crain, found vulnerabilities in the products of more than 20
vendors. "If you have control of the master, you have control of the whole system, and you can turn
on and off power at will. An intruder could exploit

Data Communication
DATA COMMUNICATION
Advancements in the information technology sector have brought many benefits to the people all
around the world. Today with computer networking, we can chat, speak and see each other over a
long distance. Data communication refers to the transmission of the digital signals over a
communication channel between the transmitter and receiver computers. Communication is possible
only with wired and wireless connectivity of the computers with each other.
All the computers, in the logically and physically networks have to follow the same rules known as
Protocols such as TCP/IP, IPX/SPX and NETBEUI etc. Today, there are many computer networking
technologies such as LAN, MAN, WAN, WLAN, ISDN, ATM, Frame Relay, X.25, Bluetooth, ...
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Well–known communications protocols are Ethernet, a hardware and Link standard that is
ubiquitous in local area networks, and the Internet Protocol Suite, which defines a set of protocols
for internetworking, i.e. for data communication between multiple networks, as well as host–to–host
data transfer, and application–specific data transmission formats.
Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub–discipline of electrical engineering,
telecommunications, computer science, information technology or computer engineering, since it
relies upon the theoretical and practical application of these disciplines.
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that
consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to
global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking
technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the
inter–linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support
electronic mail.
Most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television are
reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as Voice over Internet
Protocol (VoIP) and IPTV. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting

Cisco Network Proposal Part 3
CISCO Network Proposal
Part 3
Prepared for:
University of Maryland University College
Prepared by:
Mbuatoh Alot
Professor:
Salari Reza
Table of Contents
I. Sacramento Site Configuration
a. Implementation of VLAN and Port Security
b. Implementation of Routing on a Stick ROS
c. Implementation of DHCP
II. Los Angeles Site Configuration
a. Remote IOS Storage
b. Remote Management of Switch
c. ACL Implementation
d. Network Time Protocol
III. xACME WAN confguration
a. WAN implementation and Device Authentication
b. WAN topology Improvement
IV. Bibliography
I. Sacramento Site Configuration
a. Implementation of VLAN and Port Security
The three main switches at this site do not have VLAN databases making it difficult for switches to
store VLAN data, ID and name. Therefore, there will be a configuration of VLAN database. Also,
any students can bring their device and connect to one of the switch ports on the switches and get
access to the network to prevent that, port security will be implemented on the switches.
i. Configuring the VLAN on switch2 in database mode SacramentoSw2# vlan database Vlan 10
Name Faculty Exit

Vlan database Vlan 20 Name Administrative Exit
Vlan database
Vlan 30
Name Instructional
Exit
Vlan database
Vlan 40
Name Server
Exit
ii. Configuring Port Security
The port will be in access mode because the four VLANs are all on SacramentoSw2 and does not
span to SacramentoSw1 and SacramentoSw3. The commands below show the configuration of
access mode and port security on the switch ports to allow only two MAC addresses per port and
shutdowns for violations. All unused ports will be disabled for security purposes.
SacramentoSw1# Int g0/1
Switchport mode access
Switchport port–security
Switchport port–security maximum 2
Switchport port–security violation shutdown
Switchport port–security mac–address sticky
Int range g0/2 – 24 shutdown Int range g1/1 – 24 shutdown Int range g2/1 – 24 shutdown int range
g3/1 – 24 shutdown SacramentoSw2#
Int range g0/1 – 2
Switchport mode access
Switchport port–security maximum 2
Switchport port–security violation shutdown

Business Data Communication and Networks test bank Essays
Which of the following is a data link layer function?
A) packetizing B) error and flow control
C) medium access control
The data link layer is responsible for _______ delivery.
C) hop–to–hop The data packet at the data link layer is usually called a _______.
A) frame The protocol for obtaining the physical address of a node when the IP address is known is
called _______.
C)
ARP
A signal can lose energy due to the resistance of the medium. This is called _______.
D) attenuation _______ can cause errors during data transmission.
A)
White noise
B)
Impulse noise
C)
Echo
Which of the following best describes a single–bit error?
B)
A single bit is inverted per data unit.
If the ASCII character G is sent and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
C)
Timing

Data flow between two devices can occur in a _______ way.
A) simplex B) half–duplex C) full–duplex In a ______ connection, two and only two devices are
connected by a dedicated link.
B) point–to–point In a ________ connection, three or more devices share a link.
A) multipoint ______ refers to the physical or logical arrangement of a network.
C)
Topology
Devices may be arranged in a _____ topology.
A) mesh B) ring C) bus A _______ is a data communication system within a building, plant, or
campus, or between nearby buildings.
B)
LAN
A ______ is a data communication system spanning states, countries, or the whole world.
C)
WAN
________ is a collection of many separate networks.
B)
An internet
There are ______________ Internet service providers.
A) local B) regional C) national and international
A ________ is a set of rules that governs data communication.
B) protocol ________ is an idea or concept that is a precursor to an Internet standard.
B)
RFC
The Internet model consists of _______ layers.
B)
Five
The process–to–process delivery of the entire message is the responsibility of the _______ layer.
B)
Transport
The _______ layer is the layer closest to the transmission medium.
A) Physical
Mail services are available to network users through the _______ layer.

D)
Application
As the data packet moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are _______.
A)
Added
The _______ layer lies between the network

Smart Phone, Home Automation And Smart Grid
Introduction Our daily lives have been changed by technological revolution beyond our recognition
over the last few decades in almost every sphere of life whether it be work, play or sleep. It seems
like a magical world of smart devices such as smart phones and smart electronics which has been
developed into state of the art smart homes, home automation and smart grid. With the further
advancement in technology, it is bound to be ineluctable aspect of our lives. tagPlug – smart switch
and plug is supposed to become a noteworthy product reinventing the concept of smart homes in
India and abroad. Nearly 20 to 25 percent of our total residential and commercial energy usage is
consumed by electronic equipments in home and office, most of which is consumed when such
equipments operate in standby or sleep mode i.e., when they are designed to consume low power
and not actually being utilized. tagPlug plays the role of a savior by helping people keep track and
understand their energy usage on a day to day basis. The aim is to make customer aware of their
energy consumption and help them save energy wherever possible. tagPlug can monitor the energy
consumption and provide data on Android device making it accessible with the swipe of a finger
hence making our life comfortable. The other features incorporated in tagPlug are setting alarm to
switch device at a particular time and remotely controlling appliances. As a product, tagPlug is a
really smart way to understand and manage our

Indp 2
Transmission Control Protocols or TCP is among the key methods utilized in Internet Protocol
Suites. TCP has got two end systems, a web browser and a web server from which it operates. TCP
provides delivery of a stream of bytes from a program on one computer system to another. Internet
Protocols operate at a lower level compared to TCP. An IP is used for data transmission across a
packet switched internetwork. In X on and X off signals, the X means transmitter. These types of
signals are used to manage the movement of data between computer systems on an asynchronous
serial connection. In X on, the bit configuration is the keyboard blend of Ctrl–Q and the Ctrl–S
combination is for X off. There are two kinds of transmissions, parallel as ... Show more content on
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As discussed in Chapter 3, the connectionless environment (which includes
X.25 networks, the public Internet, private IP–based backbones, and LANs) can be likened to the
postal service, in which a message is relayed from point to point, with each relay getting one step
closer to its ultimate destination. In a connectionless environment, each packet of a message is an
independent unit that contains the source and destination address. Each packet is independently
routed at each intermediate node it crosses. The more hops it goes through, the greater the
accumulated delays, which greatly affects delay–sensitive applications, including any form of real–
time voice, real–time audio, real–time video, video–on–demand, and streaming media. But
connectionless environments can work around problems, which is why they were so strong in the
early days, when there were frequent system failures and links that were too noisy to perform
correctly. Connectionless packets could circumvent system failures or noisy conditions and still
meet at the
destination point with high integrity. The connectionless environment offered the flexibility of
routing around problem areas, but at the risk of greater overhead associated with the overall
transmission because addressing had to be included in each packet, and also at the risk of greater
delays because each packet had to be independently routed. Features of IP
IP was designed to work in the LAN world. It is a

Networks And Standards Of Network
Networks and Standards
In this piece of work I will talk about different network types, topologies, architectures and specify
the standards and protocols often related to them. Furthermore I will discuss network hardware and
software required by a PC to join a network and access shared resources. Finally, I will look into
different network services provided by the networks and the Internet.
Network Types
Personal are network
PAN is a computer network which is there to communicate with other computerised networks. This
will include things like telephones and personal assistants. PAN is something that can also be used
for communicating between the personal devices themselves or even connecting to a level higher
than that. It is also a wireless network technology which is carried over with such things like a
wireless USB or even Bluetooth. Local Area Network
A local area network is something that can be connected to a computer and also devices in such a
limited area, some examples of this would be places like at home and school. Users that is able to
have access to the network can file share only as it protected by a password. The LAN is important
for sharing resources that include files, printers and even games. The most common LAN is in my
classroom network and my home network. LANs could be wired, wireless and a mixture of the two.
The most common protocols related to wired LANs is the Ethernet (802.3) and wireless networks
are usually linked to Wi–Fi (802.11) standard.

Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network
Abstract The paper describes the overview of Dynamic Multipoint Virtual private Network
(DMVPN) which is one of the tunneling technologies. With the advent of new modern era, VPN–
based network are helping the businesses to send and receive sensitive data over public
infrastructure which does add as a security feature. With budget as a concern for organizations, it is
important for Network Engineers to not let go of the set infrastructure but also try to implement new
methods to improvise as well as have backward compatibility. Typical VPN have been used as a
need for connecting remote site–to–site businesses, however, with the ever growing needs it has
become essential to provide a scalable as well as dynamic solution. DMVPN is one of the dynamic
and scalable technologies to achieve scalability and also be dynamically evolving as per the
demand. [2] I. Introduction Internet has grown rapidly over the past few years. MAN and WAN
prove to be expensive due to leasing lines from Service providers. MPLS and Frame Relay have
ruled the Wide Area Network over the years in providing private communication. It was needed for
an intermediate solution which can provide security as well as be private. We can replace MPLS and
Frame Relay with DMVPN as it uses a simple hub and spoke model similar to the one used in frame
relay and also virtually separate different networks while maintaining the same infrastructure similar
to what MPLS does. DMVPN is a Hub and spoke type of network. It is a

Differences in Telecommunication Terms Essay
This paper will attempt to define and contrast the following terms:
a. Synchronous and asynchronous
b. Analog and digital
c. XON and XOFF
d. Simplex and duplex
e. Serial and parallel transmission
f. Baseband and broadband
g. Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) and Point–to–Point Protocol (PPP)
h. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
i. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)
It will also contain a brief description and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Control characters are used when sending data to a printer, monitor, modem, or other device. XOFF
(usually referenced by CTRL+S) is used by the transmitting side at the end of the data pulsed to say
that the transmission batch is complete. XON (usually referenced by CTRL+Q) is used to start the
transmission, and is found at the beginning of the data pulse. (ComputerHope, 2004)
Simplex and duplex
A simplex data transmission is only sent one way and without control characters or error signals. An
example of a simplex transmission would be the alarm codes that are sent to officials at a burglar
alarm company.
A half– duplex transmission can send a signal and then receive a signal, but cannot send and receive
at the same time. An example would be a CB radio that can send a message, and then listen for the
response.
A duplex data transmission is capable of sending and receiving data at the same time. A telephone
line is an example of a full duplex transmission system. (Eserver, 2004)
Serial and parallel transmission
Serial transmission is the consecutive transmission of the signal. The characters are transmitted in a
sequence over a single line, rather than simultaneously over two or more lines, as in parallel
transmission.
Parallel transmission are packets of data sent at the same time, usually over more than one
transmission line. This results in faster transmission of data. Many times, this data is sent
sporadically, and start and stop

Ccna
1. Refer to the exhibit. What three statements are true about the IP configuration that is shown?
(Choose three.)
The address that is assigned to the computer represents private addressing.
The computer is unable to communicate outside of the local network.
The network of this computer can have 126 hosts.
The prefix of the computer address is /27.
The IP address that is assigned to the computer is routable on the Internet.
The IP address that is assigned to the computer is a broadcast address. 2. As network administrator,
what is the subnet mask that allows 510 hosts given the IP address 172.30.0.0?
255.255.0.0
255.255.248.0
255.255.252.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.128 3. Which OSI layers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Refer to the exhibit. Assume all devices are using default configurations. How many subnets are
required to address the topology that is shown?
1
3
4
5
7
13. Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements describe the information that is represented in the
header? (Choose two)
This is a server response.
The UDP protocol is being used.
The destination port indicates a Telnet session.
The return segment will contain a source port of 23.
The next session originated from the client of this session will use the source port number 13358.
14. Refer to the exhibit. The command that is shown was issued on a PC. What does the IP address
192.168.33.2 represent?
IP address of the host default gateway of the host
IP address of the homepage for the host primary domain name server for the host
IP address of the website resolver1.mooki.local 15. Refer to the exhibit. A router, whose table is

shown, receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.1.4. How will router treat the packet?
The packet will be dropped.
The packet will be forwarded via FastEthernet 0/0.
The packet will be forwarded to the destination host.
The packet will be forwarded to the 192.168.1.3 next–hop

Nt1330 Unit 1
1.1 A threat is defined as a potential cause of an incident that may cause harm of systems and
organisation, or data. A potential and obvious threat is someone physically stealing hardware, or
data. Physical threats are any incident that could result in the loss or physical damage to a computer
system, there are threats that are pretty much unpreventable such as fire, floods, lightening, and
earthquakes, and these are all physical threats that are uncontrollable. The humidity in rooms which
computers are in does to an extent need to be controlled, if the room is too hot or cold if could have
a negative effect on a computer system. There are also human threats such as; vandalism, theft,
disruption, accidental or intentional errors.
1.2 An electronic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The physical protection of information, personnel, software, buildings and other material resources
are the first thing that should be assessed when looking into security, obviously there are
unavoidable disasters such as natural disasters, man–made disasters and loss of electricity, air or
water but most issues are preventable, by monitoring who has access to what and how much access
they have, by locking rooms and PC's, using person specific swipe cards, bolting computers to
desks, having effective CCTV in place, and by having effective monitoring tools an IT team can
keep a close eye on valuable data and prevent risks. Electronic security systems are designed to
protect against unwanted personnel and they provide free roaming for wanted personnel. An
electronic security system is a series of biometric locks, or a single biometric lock. A biometric lock
is a system that can provide control of entry (or exit) within a designated area by the use of an
electronic locking facility. The most common biometric lock is a pin pad system which is a keypad
that requires the exact combinations of keys to open the lock, the keys are generally numbers but
can be emphasised as letters, shapes, or sounds. Secondly and commonly are swipe cards which are
encoded cards which hold information on the user, there is normally a swipe slot to enter a facility
that have chosen to

Data Communication : Unit Standard 6852 V7
Describe Data Communication
Unit Standard 6852 v7
Level 4 Credit 4
Research Projects Assessment Task 1: Data communication types historically used, developments
leading to Local Area Network, current data communication, and trends from emerging
developments. Communication among humans has always been there from the very start and the
modes of communication developed as they moved further apart from each other. The early
centuries records of people messengers who were used to transport messages as fast as they could.
Pigeons were trained to transport messages. There is indications that Heliographs were used for
serious signaling purposes. A code book was issued by the 16th century for British navy including
flags with different meanings to communicate during the war. Then there were watchman who had
the responsibility of data transmission. There were various ways of transmitting data without the
help of electricity (Holzmann and Pehrson, 2015).
The age of electric telegraphed information came into picture in the late 1800's when the first Trans–
Atlantic cable was laid. The basic elements of Morse code were used. "Mr. Watson, come here, I
want you." These were the first words spoken by Alexander Graham Bell while working with his
invention, the telephone. The wireless telegraph was a major breakthrough in the development of
broadcast communication (Holzmann and Pehrson, 2015).
The turn of the nineteenth century saw the invention of tele typewriter. Tele printer

Ccna 1 Final Exam
CCNA1 Final Exam version 4.0 (100/100) – (B) vào lúc 7:55 PM · 33Share Take Assessment –
ENetwork Final Exam – Network Fundamentals (Version 4.0) Updated March 11th 2009 100/100 1
A PC can not connect to any remote websites, ping its default gateway, or ping a printer that is
functioning properly on the local network segment. Which action will verify that the TCP/IP stack is
functioning correctly on this PC? Use the ipconfig /all command at the host�s command prompt. X
Use the ping 127.0.0.1 command at the command prompt. Use the traceroute command at the
command prompt to identify any failures on the path to the gateway. Use FTP to check for
connectivity to remote sites. Download a troubleshooting tool from the PC ... Show more content on
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Flash X NVRAM RAM ROM 14 A routing issue has occurred in you internetwork. Which of the
following type of devices should be examined to isolate this error? access point host hub X router
switch 15 Which OSI layer protocol does IP rely on to determine whether packets have been lost
and to request retransmission? application presentation session X transport 16 Due to a security
violation, the router passwords must be changed. What information can be learned from the
following configuration entries? (Choose two.) Router(config)# line vty 0 3 Router(config–line)#
password c13c0 Router(config–line)# login The entries specify three Telnet lines for remote access.
X The entries specify four Telnet lines for remote access. The entries set the console and Telnet
password to "c13c0". Telnet access will be denied because the Telnet configuration is incomplete. X
Access will be permitted for Telnet using "c13c0" as the password. 17 Which prompt represents the
appropriate mode used for the copy running–config startup–config command ? Switch–6J> X
Switch–6J# Switch–6J(config)# Switch–6J(config–if)# Switch–6J(config–line)# 18 Which
combination of network id and subnet mask correctly identifies all IP addresses from 172.16.128.0
through 172.16.159.255? 172.16.128.0 255.255.255.224 172.16.128.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.128.0
255.255.192.0 X 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0 172.16.128.0 255.255.255.192 19 When must a router

It331 Documentation
CNS Capstone A COMPREHENSIVE NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT SUBMITTED TO
THE IT / COMPUTER NETWORKS SYSTEMS PROGRAM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ASSOCIATE DEGREE by
¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________ ADVISOR – ______________
ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE MURRAY, UTAH AUGUST, 2006 Table of Contents Introduction
to Infinet............................................................................ 3 TTI's Proposal
Overview........................................................................ 4 Executive
Summary........................................................................... 6 Assumptions and
Constraints................................................................ 7
Deliverables.................................................................................... 8 ... Show more content on
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Each campus will have a MDF room where data will be sent and forwarded as needed. The Houston
West campus will include an MDF as well as an IDF on the second floor to forward data to the
MDF. Each school has four labs that require 31 connections. There needs to be 3 runs of cabling to
the 30 computers on the Curriculum network and 1 run of cable to terminate at the instructor's
computer on the Administrator network. All computers on the Administration network will have
their ip addresses set statically and all computers on the Curriculum network will obtain their ip
addresses automatically from a DHCP server. DHCP Server Each campus will have a DHCP server
to hand out ip addresses to nodes on the Curriculum network. DNS and E–Mail DNS and e–mail
servers will be implemented in a hierarchical manner with all services located on the master server
at the main campus. All DNS and e–mail servers will be capable to communicate with each other in
the event that the master server becomes unavailable. Administrative Server TTI will need to have
an Administration server at each school site to interface with the DBMS at headquarters for student
tracking, grades, attendance, and other functions The Administration server must not be accessible
by any students or the

Implementation Of Communication Platform For Consensus...
Individual interim report
Student name: Xiang Liqian
Student ID: 200986035
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Motivation
1.2. Problem statement
1.2.1. Project structure
1.2.2. Project scheme
2. Technical background
2.1. Consensus protocol
2.2. Xbees/Zigbees
2.2.1. Introduction of Zigbees and Xbees
2.2.2. Zigbee wireless standard
2.2.3. Theoretical Basis
2.2.4. X–CTU software
3. Conclusion
4. Time plan
5. References
Introduction
1.1. Motivation
The topic of this project is hardware–implementation of communication platform for consensus–
based control in power systems. Because of the capacity of existing electric power distribution is
nearly full, it is a trend to develop grid technology and enhance the intelligent level of power system
[1]. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate and coordinate distributed generation (DG) effectively.

Development of smart grid is becoming a popular and inevitable trend. The development of
distributed generation has changed the traditional mode of power supply and utilization. And
intelligent control of electrical devices can minimize the power consumption and reduce the
operating cost. It is much economic and energy conservation.
However, there is a factor that limits the present implementation of existing hierarchical control in
smart grid. Because the voltage in each DG's terminal is different, the accuracy of reactive power
sharing is low [2]. Based on this problem, this project

Frame-Relay
.
Unit 3
Kaplan University
IT530
Professor Jeffrey Robinson
August 20, 2013 Abstract
In this discussion we look at some of the history around frame–relay. We then look at some of the
equipment necessary to create the frame relay connections, as well as how the connections work
both logically and physically. Some limiting factors are discussed as well as committed information
rates, burst rates, an error handling. Some of the positive aspects of frame–relay are identified along
with some options for the future of WAN technologies.
Frame–Relay
Operating at the physical and datalink layers of the OSI model, frame relay is a high–performing
WAN protocol. It was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This allows frame–relay to provide a low cost of ownership while adhering to standards and
internetworking with other services. A highly reliable WAN may be achieved through frame–relay
and a good service level agreement (SLA) from the provider.
Frame–relay can be thought of as a simple principle because it allows the higher–level protocols to
deal with many of the problems. Although, it can include optional features such as congestion
notification and signaling mechanisms. Ideally, a committed information rate (CIR) is selected that
best meets the needs of the customer. This is the maximum burst rate, which when exceeded can
cause the frames to be discard eligible (DE). In reality, the nature of frame–relay allows all bits to be
discard eligible, but the error correction is handled by the upper layers. Some configurations allow
speeds to burst above the CIR, but never more than the physical capacity of the circuit. The DLCI is
the connection identifier for the PVC in the connection oriented datalink protocol that is frame–
relay. By switching variable length frames, statistical multiplexing is achieved. Even though frame–
relay may be susceptible to traffic delays it can still be optimized for delay sensitive traffic such as
voice over IP.
Because the frame–relay path is known, it is used to connect the customer premises equipment
(CPE) to the frame–relay switch. The LMI keep alive signaling happens

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