1. 20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012 University of
Hamburg 1
Beyond
Embedded
Markup
Dino
Buzze4
University
of
Bologna
Manfred
Thaller
University
at
Cologne

2. John
Unsworth
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012 University of
Hamburg 2
J.
Unsworth
(2004),
Forms
of
A/en2on:
Digital
Humani2es
Beyond
Representa2on
:
forms
of
a(en+on
(Frank
Kermode)
change
over
2me
we
are,
I
think,
on
the
verge
of
what
seems
to
me
the
third
major
phase
in
humaniDes
compuDng,
which
has
moved
from
tools
in
the
50s,
60s,
and
70s,
to
primary
sources
in
the
80s
and
90s,
and
now
seems
to
be
moving
back
to
tools
I
think
we
are
arriving
at
a
moment
when
the
form
of
the
aEenDon
that
we
pay
to
primary
source
materials
is
shiFing
from
digiDzing
to
analyzing,
from
ar2facts
to
aggregates,
and
from
representaDon
to
abstracDon

3. Digital
HumaniDes
phases
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012 University of
Hamburg
3
tools
–
processing
primary
sources
–
representaDon
tools
–
processing

4. Technological
innovaDon
phases
different
phases
from
mainframes
PC
s
and
stand-­‐alone
worksta2ons
the
World
Wide
Web
the
SemanDc
Web
to
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012
University of Hamburg 4

5. Forms
of
aEenDon
phases
from
mainframes
–
algorithms
to
process
informaDon
content
PC
s
–
WYSIWYG
systems
:
visualizaDon
World
Wide
Web
–
remote
access
and
display
SemanDc
Web
–
technologies
to
process
informaDon
content
to
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012
University of Hamburg 5

6. Languages
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012 University of
Hamburg
6
Data
representaDon
languages
SGML,
HTML,
XML
Data
processing
languages
XSLT,
XPath,
XQuery

7. What
do
we
process
?
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012
University of Hamburg 7
XSLT
takes
a
tree
structure
as
its
input,
and
generates
another
tree
structure
as
its
output
Michael
Kay
(2005),
What
Kind
of
Language
is
XSLT?
An
analysis
and
overview
h/p://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/x-­‐xslt/

8. Strategic
choices
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012
University of Hamburg
8
database
community
vs
document
community
–
the
database
community
chose
to
standardize
the
semanDcs
of
data
–
the
document
community
chose
to
standardize
the
representaDon
of
data
D.
Raymond
et
al.
‘From
Data
Representa2on
to
Data
Model:
Meta-­‐seman2c
issues
in
the
evolu2on
of
SGML’,
in
Computer
Standards
&
Interfaces,
18
(1996),
25-­‐36,
p.
27.

9. 20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012
University of Hamburg 9
Document
and
Text
A
literary
criDc's
answer:
“The
text
is
not
a
physical
reality
at
all
but
a
concept-­‐limit
[
Grenzbegriff
].”
“The
nature
of
the
text
is
not
material
[...]
the
text
is
only’
and
‘always
an
image.”
C.
Segre,
Introduc2on
to
the
analysis
of
the
literary
text,
Bloomington,
Ind.,
Indiana
University
Press,
1988,
pp.
301,
315
.

10. The
scholarly
community
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012
University of Hamburg
10
A/empts
to
define
semanDcs
in
the
scholarly
community,
most
notably
the
Text
Encoding
Ini2a2ve,
similarly
met
with
resistance.
Thus,
the
route
proposed
by
SGML
was
a
reasonable
one:
promote
the
no2on
of
applicaDon
and
machine
independence,
and
provide
a
base
on
which
seman2cs
could
eventually
be
developed,
but
avoid
actually
specifying
a
seman2cs
D.
Raymond
et
al.
From
Data
Representa2on
to
Data
Model:
Meta-­‐seman2c
issues
in
the
evolu2on
of
SGML,
in
«Computer
Standards
&
Interfaces»,
18
(1996),
25-­‐36,
pp.
27-­‐28.

11. Some
inadequacies
of
embedded
markup
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012
University of Hamburg
11
basically
processing
informa2on
content
but
also
representaDon
of
textual
variants
(overlapping)

12. Proposed
soluDons
LMNL
–
Wendell
Piez
Extended
Strings
–
Manfred
Thaller
CATMA,
CLÉA
–
Jan
Christof
Meister
Standoff
properDes
–
Desmond
Schmidt
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012 University of
Hamburg 12

13. Beyond
RepresentaDon
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012 University of
Hamburg 13
“We
need
(we
s2ll
need)
to
demonstrate
the
usefulness
of
all
the
stuff
we
have
digi2zed
over
the
last
decade
and
more
–
and
usefulness
not
just
in
the
form
of
increased
access,
but
specifically,
in
what
we
can
do
with
the
stuff
once
we
get
it.”
J.
Unsworth
(2003),
Tool-­‐Time,
or
“Haven’t
We
Been
Here
Already?”
Ten
Years
in
Humani2es
Compu2ng

14. Embedded
vs
Standoff
?
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012 University of
Hamburg 14
Data
vs
InformaDon
Expression
vs
Content
Different
structures
and
different
representaDons
We
need
both
We
need
to
find
ways
to
relate
the
two
different
structures

15. Thank
you
!
20 July 2012
Digital Humanities 2012 University of
Hamburg
15