Abstract—Material Handling Robo’s are mechanically controlled devices designed to replicate the movement of a human arm. The devices are used for lifting heavy objects and carrying out tasks that require extreme concentration and expert accuracy.In this highly developing society; time and man power are critical constrains for completion of task in large scales. the automation is playing important role to save human efforts in most of the regular and frequently carried works e.g. most of the industrial jobs like welding, painting, assembly, container filling etc. one of the major and most commonly performed work is picking and placing of jobs from source to destination. For this purpose, We intend to design a prototype based robo using pick and place mechanism.Material Selection is done using RFID Technology.The Material Handling Robot is a microcontroller based mechatronic system that detects the object based on the instruction given by the RFID Reader, picks that object automatically from source location and places at desired location.A mechanical gripper is robotic, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm.Thus designing a Material Handling Robo most often can be used for industrial and nonindustrial purposes.

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Material Handling Robot
For Smart Manufacturing in Industries
Mr. Shivashankara.B.S.1
, Mrs. Asha.I.V 2
,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering,Hassan, Karnataka, India
Abstract—Material Handling Robo’s are mechanically controlled devices designed to replicate the movement of a human
arm. The devices are used for lifting heavy objects and carrying out tasks that require extreme concentration and expert
accuracy.In this highly developing society; time and man power are critical constrains for completion of task in large
scales. the automation is playing important role to save human efforts in most of the regular and frequently carried
works e.g. most of the industrial jobs like welding, painting, assembly, container filling etc. one of the major and most
commonly performed work is picking and placing of jobs from source to destination. For this purpose, We intend to
design a prototype based robo using pick and place mechanism.Material Selection is done using RFID Technology.The
Material Handling Robot is a microcontroller based mechatronic system that detects the object based on the instruction
given by the RFID Reader, picks that object automatically from source location and places at desired location.A
mechanical gripper is robotic, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm.Thus designing a Material
Handling Robo most often can be used for industrial and nonindustrial purposes.
Keywords— material handling robo, pick and place mechanism,manufacturing,industrial engineering.
I. INTRODUCTION
A robot is a mechanical or virtual intelligent agent
that can perform tasks automatically or with
guidance, typically by remote control. In practice a
robot is usually an electro-mechanical machine that is
guided by computer and electronic programming.
Robots can be autonomous, semi-autonomous or
remotely controlled. Robots range from humanoids
such as ASIMO and TOPIO to Nano robots, Swarm
robots, Industrial robots, military robots, mobile and
servicing robots. By mimicking a lifelike appearance
or automating movements, a robot may convey a
sense that it has intent or agency of its own. The
branch of technology that deals with robots is
robotics.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Industrial Robots
MattWicks1
designed a Robotic material handling
solutions are comprised of complex systems,
including many different types of equipment in
addition to the robot(s). These systems generally
include components such as infeed conveyors,
discharge conveyors, pallet dispensers, transfer cars
and other additional equipment. System components
are typically controlled via a PLC, therefore the
robotic controllers must interface to the system
controller, handshaking data and interlocks to achieve
the desired functionality.
Aaron James2
have proposed a paper where the
robotic hand which controls the missile launcher will
be controlled by a PLC and secured image
authentication technique. In our project, the hand
which is holding the missile that to be launch is
controlled by the PLC. The robotic hand is operated
by with the help of DC motor. The PLC controls the
two kind of position of robotic hand.

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Mohanraj3
presents a mobile robot environment is
treated as a grid based environment in which each
grid can be represented by an ordered pair of row
number and column number. The mobile robot is
considered as a point in the environment, to reduce
the computational complexities.
Sumanth4
present the construction of an autonomous
self navigating robotic vehicle. Once the robot
reaches the desired location it turns on a RF
Transmitter which is tuned to the communication
frequency of the opposing unit. Since the
transmission is in the same frequency as that of the
communication frequency of the opposing unit, their
communication will become noisy and they will be
unable to do any meaningful communication.
Mamta Gupta5
Swarm robotics is influenced from
Swarm Intelligence. As Swarm in real life work with
co-ordination for a specific goal, in the same way
robots are expecting to work using artificial
intelligence. This paper gives an overview of the
Issues of swarm robotics and its application in
various fields. Swarm robotics has a large area of
applications.
2.2 Material Handling Robots
M.Selvam6
proposed a robotics and automation
industry which is ruled the sectors from
manufacturing to household entertainments. It is
widely used because of its simplicity and ability to
modify to meet changes of needs. The project is
designed to develop a robotic vehicle using android
application for remote operation attached with
wireless camera for monitoring purpose. The robot
along with camera can wirelessly transmit real time
video with night vision capabilities. This is kind of
robot can be helpful for spying purpose in war fields.
Goldy Katal7
deals with the designing and
implementation of Synchronized Robotic Arm, which
is used to perform all the basic activities like picking
up objects and placing them. In this paper, a robotic
arm is designed, synchronized with the working arm
and would perform the task as the working arm does.
The work done by the robotic arm would be highly
precise, as a digital servo motor is used. A servo
motor of 230 oz-inch is used in the project, but
motors with more capacity can also be used as
according to the desired work. This robotic arm can
also be used for precision works.
Niharika Thakur8
proposed a system in which n a
traditional industrial control system, all the control
devices in the field are wired directly to each other on
how the whole system is to be operated. The main
control is in the human hands which poses a lot of
drawbacks such as more wired connections are
required which may again lead to large number of
mechanical faults and difficulties in troubleshooting
the errors. Due to these drawbacks the PLC based
automation systems were introduced which focused
on controlling the various process control systems
with the help of software and Hardware units.
III. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Objective
The main aim of this project is to design a
Prototype based Wireless Material Handling Robo
used for pick and place mechanism for material
handling in industries.
3.2 Proposed Sytem
The purpose of developing this project is to get
familiarized with the modern field of robotics and to
find the technology know-how. Also here we are
using the sophisticated emerging technology
embedded system. Here we have designed a material
handling robo, controlled by a microcontroller
wirelessly. We choose this design because it is the
most common form of robot we can find anywhere
in industries like car assembling, bottling plant,
packing section etc. The driver circuits for these
motors are to be controlled using PIC
microcontroller with a control key pad. The
movement is established using simple DC motors.
Material Handling robots are the small robots used
for continuous purpose in the industries.
Tx:
RFID
READ
ER
CONTRO
LLER
UNIT
POWE
R
SUPPL
Y
ZIGBEE
TRANSMITTER
LCD

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Fig 1.Tramsmitter Block Diagram
Rx:
Fig 2. Receiver Block Diagram
IV. HARDWARE USED
The following are the hardware components used in
this project:
4.1 PIC Microcontroller
A micro controller (also MCU or µC) is a functional
computer system-on-a-chip. It contains a processor
core, memory, and programmable input/output
peripherals.Microcontrollers include an integrated
CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM, program
memory, or both) and peripherals capable of input
and output.We are using PIC16F877A in our project
for interfacing with Wireless Tranceivers,Displaying
data on LCD and for operating the robo.
4.2 DC Gear Motor
A geared DC Motor has a gear assembly attached to
the motor.A DC Gear motor is an electric motor that
runs on direct current (DC) electricity.The gear
assembly helps in increasing the torque and reducing
the speed. We are using 30RPM DC Gear Motor for
operating the robo.
4.3 LCD Unit
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display
or other electronically modulated optical device that
uses the light-modulating properties of liquid
crystals.A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module
and it is used in our project to display as which
material is handled by the robo.
4.4 RFID Reader
A radio frequency identification reader (RFID reader)
is a device used to gather information from an RFID
tag, which is used to track individual objects. Radio
waves are used to transfer data from the tag to a
reader.RFID is a technology similar in theory to bar
codes.The RFID Reader which we are using has a
built–in antenna in minimized form factor. It is
designed to work on the industry standard carrier
frequency of 125KHZ.
4.5 Zigbee Transmitter & Receiver
ZigBee is the only standards-based wireless
technology designed to address the unique needs of
low-cost, low-power wireless sensor and control
networks in just about any market. The Zigbee
transreceiver module which we are using provides
easy to use ZIGBEE communication at 2.4 Ghz. It
can be used to transmit and receive data at 9600 baud
rates from any standard CMOS/TTL source.
4.6 Power Supply
The Power Supply at both the Transmitter and the
Receiver end are designed to operate at 5volts using
the Step-down Transformer,Bridge Rectifier and the
Regulator.
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
5.1 Results
i) The developed Prototype Material Handling Robo
can be operated wirelessly.
ii) Inorder for the robo to decide as which material to
ZIGBE
E
RECEI
VER
CONTR
OLLER
UNIT
PO
WER
SUP
PLY
LCD
MOTOR
S

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pick ,the RFID technology is used.
ii) The prototype model will be able to pick 10gms of
material from one location and successfully place it
in other location wirelessly.
iii) In this project we have used three motors for the
operation of the robo.One for the operation of the
gripper i.e., for holding and releasing the material,the
other one for pick and place mechanism. The third
motor is used to make the robo rotate 360 degrees to
place the material at the desired location.
iv) It can be generalized that the robo’s pick and
place mechanism has satisfied the motion sequence
of the system.
5.2 Design of the Protoype Robo
Fig.3. Fully Designed Prototype Material
Handling Robo
5.3 Discussions
i) This system can operate several hours in industries
and low power required for the Robot arm.
ii) This robo is very suitable for dangerous area in
industries. The controller of the system is the best
efficiency for the system, changeable data for the
angle of the desired position of the robo.
iii) The weight handling capacity of pick and place
robot is determined by the capacity of DC motors and
vice versa.
iv) By using this robo work is made easy, and this
also decreases the quantity of human failures.
VI. CONCLUSION
This robot is operated wirelessly and is used for pick
and place operation.It can be used in some industrial
works which are harmful for humans.This robot is
mainly used for reduce the risk process and
consuming time and avoid labors. Human are tired
for hard work such as assembly line, material
handling etc. this robot does all those things it mainly
reduces the manual work our robot is designed at low
cost as well as high efficient one.The material
Handling is done via RFID Technology through
PC.Upon Receiving data from the receiver as which
material to handle,the robo operates automatically to
pick the particular material and place it in the desired
location.The arm has five motors which are
controlled through the use of PIC micro controllers
and Wireless Transcievers. The arm is very user
friendly because of the wireless interface developed
by us, even layman could operate it.They could lift
objects upto weight of 10 gm. Keeping the design of
robotic arm gripper simple, as well as implementing
the gripping mechanism without using gears and only
with simple DC motors. This project is to give the
way for providing bigger effective robot for industrial
applications.
REFERENCES
[1]Matt Wicks,"PLC-Based Robotic Controls Versus
OEM Robotic Controls",2011
[2]Aaron
James.S1
,Sabarivani.A2
,Sunitha.N3
,"Robotic arm
controlled in missile launchers using plc and image
authentication technique",International Journal of

5. IDL - International Digital Library Of
Technology & Research
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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
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Research in Engineering and Technology,Dec 2014.
[3]T.Mohanraj1
,S.Arunkumar2
,M.Raghunath3
,M.Ana
nd4
,"MOBILE ROBOT PATH PLANNING USING
ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION",International
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Technology,Jun 2014.
[4]V.Sumanth1,M.E.C.Vidya
Sagar2,Sk.Nowshad3,"Design And Implementation
Of Autonomous Maneuvering Robotic Vehicle Using
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Communication During Warfare",International
Journal of Research in Engineering and
Technology,Nov 2012.
[5]Mamta Gupta1
, Devika Saxena2
,Sugandha
Kumari3
,Dawinder Kaur4
,"Issues And Applications
Of Swarm Robotics",International Journal of
Research in Engineering,Technology and
Science,Aug 2016.
[6]M.Selvam Muthuraman,"Smart Phone Based
Robotic Control for Surveillance
Applications",International Journal of Research in
Engineering and Technology,Mar 2014.
[7]G. Katal, S. Gupta, S. Kakkar,"Design And
Operation Of Synchronized Robotic
Arm",International Journal of Research in
Engineering and Technology,Aug 2013.
[8]Niharika Thakur,Manisha Hooda,"A Review
Paper on PLC & Its Applications in Robotics and
Automation",International Journal of Innovative
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[9]
https://www.projectsatbangalore.com/Download/Rob
o.pdf