lab exercise 6.4

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Lab Exercise 6.4
Working with your lab partner(s), answer questions 1 through 7.
1. What are the three portions of the innominate bone? These are three separate bones early
in life that fuse together to become one.
 A ilium
 B ischium
 C pubis
2. With which two other bones does the innominate articulate?
 Pubic symphysis
3. What are the names for the features of the femur and the innominate that articulate at the
hip joint?
 Hip joint
4. What directional term best describes the location of the linea aspera on the femur?
 Proximal, it’s a posterior aspect.
5. Which is the lateral one of the two lower leg bones?
 Patella bone
6. What group of bones are proximal to the foot and distal to the tibia?
The tarsus bones
7. What is a sesamoid bone? Give an example.

2.  Sesamoid bones form within the tendons of some joints, acting rather like a pulley to
move a muscle away from a joint and provide enhanced leverage for the muscle’s
action. The patella is an example of a sesamoid bone.
Rotate through Stations 1 through 6 and answer the associated questions for each. In the absence
of lab material, refer to the photos on page 172.
Station 1
1. Which bone is this?
 Pelvic girdle
2 Identify the marked portions or features.
A. ilium
B. ischium
C. pubia
D. anterior inferior iliac spine
E. obturator foramen
F. acetabulum
G. greater sciatic notch
3. Describe how you used its features to distinguish:
a Superior from inferior.
 The inferior surface tends to be more rugose, or rough, than the superior surface,
because more muscle insertions occur on the under- side of the clavicle.

3. b Anterior from posterior.
When holding the clavicle with the correct portions in the proper orientation, you will be able
to see whether it came from the right or the left side of the body. This will allow you to
determine the anterior location from the posterior.
c Medial from lateral.
 The sternal is the medial end is the portion of the “S” that protrudes further anteriorly
d Which side of the body is this bone from?
 The first picture of station 1 shows the anterior view while the second picture of station
1 shows the lateral view.
Station 2
1. Which bone is this?
 Femur
2 Identify the marked feature.
 A lesser trochanter
 B head
 C greater trochanter
 D linea aspera
 E lateral condyle
 F medial condyle

4. 3 Describe how you used its features to distinguish:
a. Proximal from distal.
The femoral head is the the proximal end.
b. Anterior from posterior.
The linea aspera is the posterior end.
c. Medial from lateral.
The femoral head faces medially where it articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis
d. Which side of the body is this bone from?
This is the femur of the left side with a posterior view.
Station 3
1. Which bone is this?
 Tibia
2. Describe how you used its features to distinguish:
Proximal from distal.
 The tibia articulates at its proximal end with the femur
Anterior from posterior.
 The intercondylar area is nearer the posterior than the anterior aspect.
Medial from lateral.

5.  On the lower leg the tibia is the one on the medial side
Which side of the body is this bone from?
 Left side with anterior view
Station 4
1. Which bone is this?
Fibula
2. Determine which the proximal end is and which the distal end is. What are the names of the
feature at each end?
The head is proximally located feature is the ‘blockier’ and more compressed than the distal
end. The lateral malleolus is distal end and more drawn out than the head which is almost
arrow shaped.
Station 5
1. Identify the calcaneus and the talus on an articulated foot. Which of the two bones is
larger?
 The calcaneus is larger
2. What is the common term for the calcaneus?
 The heel
3. What is the directional term for the position of the metatarsal of the second digit relative
to the middle phalanx of that same digit?

6. Second Metatarsal bone
4. The talus is enclosed by what features of the tibia and fibula?
There is a matrix of hard calcium mineral and collagen protein that is both extremely
strong and flexible to resist stress.
5. What is the name for the distal-most bones of the second through fifth toes?
 These are the phalanges
Station 6
1. Pick up a femur, patella, and tibia from the same side and articulate the bones. Observe
how movement occurs at the joint. What are the points of articulation between each of the
bones? (If these bones are not available, see an articulated skeleton.)
 The femur articulates proximally with the acetabulum of the pelvis forming the hip
joint, and distally with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.
2. How can you tell which side of the body the patella is from?
 The patella which is the kneecap is a circular-triangular bone which articulates with
the femur and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint.