This document summarizes the key differences between Greek and Roman mythology. Some of the main differences include: Greek myths originated earlier than Roman myths, which borrowed from Greek stories; Greek gods were based more on human personality traits while Roman gods represented objects; Greeks valued creativity more while Romans respected warriors; and Greeks portrayed gods as having physical forms while Romans imagined them without physical appearances. The document also provides a table comparing major Greek gods with their Roman counterparts.

3. Desig
n
Nine
horizontal
stripes, in turn
blue and
white; a white
cross on a
blue square
field in
canton.

4. -popularly referred to as the "sky-blue-white" or
the "blue-white" .
-officially recognised by Greece as one of its
national symbols, is based on nine equal
horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white.
-there is a blue canton in the upper hoist-side
corner bearing a white cross; the cross
symbolises Eastern Orthodox Christianity, the
established religion of the Greek people of
Greece and Cyprus.

5. -According to popular tradition, the nine stripes
represent the nine syllables of the phrase "Eleftheria
i thanatos" ("Freedom or Death"), the five blue
stripes for the syllables "Eleftheria “ and the four
white stripes "i thanatos".
-The nine stripes are also said to represent the
letters of the word "freedom" (Greek: Eleftheria -
There is also a different theory, that the nine stripes
symbolise the nine Muses, the goddesses of art and
civilisation (nine has traditionally been one of the
numbers of reference for the Greeks).

8. - The name Greece comes from the latin
Graecia which in turn comes from the
Greek word Graikoi, the original name of
the people living in Dodona. However, the
word is used to address people living in
Greece.
- The original Greek name was, still is
Hellas., the land of the Helens.

9. - Originally this was a small area south of
Thessalia, but it was widely used for people
with a Greek background and culture,
stretching from the West Cost of Asia Minor,
southern Italy and Sicily to the Pyrenes and
Northern Africa.

10. - Influences from their art and culture have
made a great impact on the European and
American culture. Their highly organized
society (even the word politics is a Greek
word), their system of justice, and of course
their art, the sculptures, statues, plays and
mythology have been a major source of
inspiration.

12. - Studying Greek Literature would always lead
on the study and understanding of its
mythology. One would have to familiarize
himself with the uniqueness of its goods and
goddesses. The origin of this is unclear
although it was believed to have been
influenced by the Mediterranean whose
origins lie in crete and Asia Minor.

13. - The Greek mythological gods and goddesses
were made out of their own image very
different from the Egyptians and others.
- They believed to be the controller of the life
of human beings.

14. - Greek gods were not supreme, almighty
beings. They were looked upon as idealized
human beings. They were powerful, but
looked humans and had the same flaws
human had. They were immortal, they didn't
get old or sick and had eternal youth, but
they did had human flaws, desires and needs,
such as hunger and thirst.

15. - Is what can be called DESTINY
- All lives, even those of the gods are
subordinate to it
- They represented the cosmic forces of Fate
and Time, and they were called sometimes
to control the fates of the gods

16. 1. Clotho ( the spinner)
- was responsible for spinning the
thread of human life. She also
made major decisions, such as
when a person was born, thus in
effect controlling people's lives.
This power enabled her not only
to choose who was born, but
also to decide when gods or
mortals were to be saved or put
to death. For example, Clotho
brought Pelops back to life when
his father boiled and killed him.

17. 2. Lachesis ( the divider)
-Lachesis was the apportioner,
deciding how much time for
life was to be allowed for each
person or being. She
measured the thread of life
with her rod. She is also said
to choose a person's destiny
after a thread was measured.
In mythology, it is said that
she appears with her sisters
within three days of a baby's
birth to decide its fate.

18. 3. Atropos (the inevitable)
was the oldest of the Three Fates, It was Atropos who chose
the mechanism of death and ended the life of mortals by
cutting their thread with her "abhorred shears

19. 1. Zeus- (Roman name: jupiter)
The most powerful of all,
-god of the sky and the king of
olympus
-His temper affected the weather
and he threw thunderbolts when
he was unhappy.
-he was married to Hera but had
many other lovers.
-his symbols include the oak and
the thunderbolt.

20. 2. Hera (Roman name: Juno)
-she was the goddes of
marriage and the queen of
olympus
-she was zeus wife and sister;
many myths tells of how she
sought revenge when zeus
betrayed her with his lovers.
-her symbols include the
peacock and the cow.

21. 3. Athena (Roman name: Minerva)
-she was the goddess of wisdom.
-she was also skilled in art of war,
and helped heroes such as Odysseus
and Hercules.
- Athena sprang full-grown from
the forehead of zeus, and became
his favorite child.
- -her symbols include the owl and
the olive tree

22. 4. Poseidon (Roman name)
-God of the sea
-he lived in a beautiful
palace under the sea and
caused earthquakes when
he was in temper.
-his symbols include the
horse and the trident (a
three-pronged pitchfork)

23. 5. Demeter (Romanname: Ceres)
- Goddess of the harvest. The
word “cereal” comes from her
roman name.
- -she was the sister of zeus
- Her symbol include wheat.

24. 6. Apollo
- God of music and healing.
- He was also an archer, and
hunted with silver bow.
- Son of Zeus and the titan
letp, and the twin of
Artemis.
- His symbol include the
laurel tree, the cow, and the
dolphin.

25. 7. Artemis (Roman name Diana)
- Goddess of the hunt and the
protector of women in
childbirth
- She hunted with silver arrows
and loved all wild animals.
- Daughter of Zeus and Leto, and
twin of Apollo.
- Her symbol includes the cypress
tree and the deer.

26. 8. Hermes (Romanname: mercury)
He was the messenger god,
trickster, and a friend to thieves.
He said to have invented boxing
and gymnastics.
He was the son of Zeus and the
constellation Maia.
The speediest of all, he wore
winged sandals and a winged hat
and carried a magic wand.

27. 9. Aphrodite (Roman name
Venus)
- Goddess of love, and beauty,
and the protector of sailors.
- She may have been the
daughter of Zeus and the titan
Dione, or she may have risen
from the sea foam.
- Her symbols include the myrtel
tree and the dove.

28. 10. Ares(Roman name Mars)
-God of war.
-He was both cruel and
coward.
-Son of Zeus and Hera, but
neither of his parents liked
him.
-his symbols include the
vulture and the dog, and he
often carried a bloody spear.

29. 11. Hephaestus (Roman name:
Vulcan)
- God of fire and forge ( a
furnace in which metal is
heated).
- Although he made armor and
weapon for the gods he love
peace.
- He was the son of Zeus and
Hera and married Aphrodite.
- His symbol include the ancil
and the forge.

30. 12. Hestia- (Roman name: Vesta)
- Goddess of the hearth
( fireplace at the center of the
home).
- She was the most gentel of the
godds, and does not play a
role in many myths.
- Sister of zeus and the oldest of
the Olympians.
- Fire is among her symbols

31. - a type of Greek drama that dealt with the
big themes of love, loss, pride, the abuse of
power and fraught relationships between
men and gods.

32. - According to Aristotle's poetics tragedy must have 6
parts:
1. Plot- the most important
2. Characters- good, but not too good!
3. Diction
4. Thought- theme
5. Melody- chorus should contribute to the unity of the
play
6. Spectacle- the least important and the least connected
to the literature.

33. The Greek Comedy

34. GREEK COMEDY
It is a type of drama basically aiming to
amuse. For the Greeks, comedy functions,
not only as a form of entertainment but a
drama highlighted by beautiful lyrics with
obscenity, slang and broad verbal humor
penetrating social satire. It deals with
incongruous aspects of human speech,
actions, and character not primarily
concerned with the basic issues of good
and evil.

35. Aristotle discussion in The
Poetics (4th c B.C)
Clearly stated that the Comedy is an
immitation of men more than the
average, worse, however, not as
regards one particular kind, the
Ridiculous, which is a species of the
Ugly. The Ridiculous may be defined
as a mistake or deformity not
productive of pain or harm to others;
the mask for instance, that excites
laughter, is something ugly and

36. “FATHER OF
OLD COMEDY”
There’s no cure
against a
slanderer
~ Aristophanes~

38. V. The Greek Epic
Epics were believed to be songs
preserved through the oral tradition-
a process of transferring literature
from one mouth to another, coming
from one generation to another
generation; by scops, minstrels,
rhapsodes or story tellers travelling
from one place to another.

39. Its structure is believed to observed several
conventions such as in medias restarting
or plunging in the middle part of plot or
action; invocation to the muses- starting
the text through a prayer, the epic hero- a
person possessing supernatural powers;
deus ex machina- intervention of gods.
In greece, Homers epics, the Iliad and odyssey,
the twin
National epic of Greece are the most exalted and
acclaimed.

40. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

41. In general, 20th century Greek literature
reflects the evolution of European modernism
in such various forms as French symbolism
and surrealism or British American
experiments in narrative technique.
Symbolism appears in the work of George
Seferis and George Kostiras, surrealism in
that of Oddyseus Elytis. Recognized as
master of modern Greek letters, Seferis and
Elytis each received that Novel Price in
Literature, in 1963 and 1979, respectively.
THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

42. GEORGE
SEFERIS
Giorgos or George
Seferis, the pen name
of Georgios
Seferiades, was a
Greek poet-diplomat.
He was one of the
most important Greek
poets of the 20th
century.

43. ODDYSEUS ELYTIS
Odysseus Elytis was
regarded as a major
exponent of
romantic modernism
in Greece and the
world. In 1979 he
was awarded the
Nobel Prize in
Literature.

44. Maria Polydouri
Was a Greek
poet gained
renown through
her
intense, erotic
love

45. Only because you loved me
by ~Maria Polydouri~
I only sing because you loved me
in the past years.
And in the sun, in summer ’s prediction
and in rain, and in snow,
I only sing because you loved me.
Only because you kept your hands on me
one night and you kissed me on my lips,
only for that, am I as fine as an open lily
And I have a shiver in my soul,
only because you kept your hands on me.
Only because your eyes looked at me
with the soul glancing,
proudly I adorned the ultimate
crown of my being,
Only because your eyes looked at me
Only because you noticed me as I passed
And by your look I saw passing
my svelte shadow as a dream
playing, hurting
Only because you noticed me as I passed

46. Because you hesitantly called me
And you stretched to my hand
And you had in your eyes the blur
A complete love
Because you hesitantly called me
Only because you liked it,
That’s why my passing kept being nice.
As if you were following me wherever
As if you came close to me somewhere
Only because you liked it.
Only because you loved me I was born,
so my life was given.
In graceless unfulfilled life
so my life was fulfilled.
Only because you loved me I was born.
Only for your special love
dawn gave roses in my hands.
To illuminate for a moment your way
night filled my eyes with stars
Only for your special love.
Only because you loved me wonderfully
I lived to pullulate
your dreams, beautiful king
And so sweet I’m dying
Only because you loved me wonderfully

47. 4 Greek Women: Love Poems
Translated by Eleni Fourtouni. New Haven:
Thelphini Press, 1982. Fourtouni presents
poems written by Victoria Theodorou,Angeliki
Paulopoulou, Katerina Anghelaki-Rooke, and
Eleni Fourtouni. She provides brief biographical
information for each poet. Theodorou (b. 1928)
was a political prisoner for five
years. Paulopoulou (b. 1930) lives in
Mesolonghi, the town where Lord Byron died in
1824. Angelaki-Rooke (b. 1939) lives on ...

51. Description Gods in Greek
Mythology, i.e. the
collection of stories or
myths of the ancient
Greeks about their
gods, heroes and the
natural world.
Gods in Roman mythology,
i.e. the mythological beliefs
about gods in the city of
Ancient Rome.
Time
period
Iliad distributed 700
years before the
Roman civilization. No
exact date for start of
civilization.
Came 1000 years after the
Greeks.
Comparison of Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Roman

52. Literary
source
Greek myths
chronicled in the book
The Iliad by Homer.
Roman myths chronicled in
the book Aeneid.
Origin of
mythology
Not known.
Many Roman gods
borrowed from Greek
mythology and myths of
Roman creation from
Greeks.
Comparison of Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Roman
Afterlife
Importance of the
physical life on earth
rather than eventuality
of the afterlife.
Mortals did good deeds on
earth to be rewarded in the
afterlife. They strove to gain
their place among the gods
in heaven in the afterlife.

53. Greek Roman
Nature of
Gods
Gods and goddesses
based on human
personality traits such as
Love, Honor, Hatred,
Dignity, as well as their
roles in life determined
by what they were god
of, like:
Zeus:Sky/weather,
Hades: The underworld,
Poseidon: Sea,
Aquatics, etc.
Deities named after objects
rather than human
personality traits.

54. Revered
traits
Creativity more
important than physical
works. They revered the
poet.
Focused on actions rather
than words. They revered
the warrior as sacred.
Traits As gods were based on
human traits they each
had characteristics that
determined their
actions.
Gods and goddesses not
gender specific so their
individual characteristics
were not central to the
myths.
Comparison of Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Roman

55. Comparison of Greek and Roman Mythology
Greek Roman
Actions
of
mortals
and
gods
Individualistic: actions of
the individual were of
more consequences
than actions of the
group.
Not individualistic.
Physical
forms
Greek gods had
beautiful bodies where
gorgeous muscles, eyes
and hair would enhance
their looks.
Gods did not have a
physical appearance –
represented only in the
imagination of the people.

56. Greek God
(English
name)
Roman Counterpart Role
Aphrodite Venus Goddess of Love
Apollo Phoebus Apollo God of the Sun
Ares Mars God of war
Artemis Diana
Virgin goddess of the hunt,
wilderness, wild animals,
childbirth and plague. In
later times she became
associated with the moon.
Athena Minerva Goddess of wisdom
Demeter Ceres Goddess of grain/crops
Dionysus Bacchus God of wine
Greek Gods and their Roman Counterparts

57. Hades Pluto God of underworld
Hecate Trivia
Goddess of witchcraft,
crossroads, and justice
Helios Sol The sun God
Hephaestus Vulcan God of fire, and the forge
Hera Juno Queen of the Gods
Hermes Mercury Messenger of the Gods
Nike Victoria Goddess of victory
Pan Faunus
God of woods and
pastures
Poseidon Neptune God of the sea
Greek Gods and their Roman Counterparts
Greek God
(English
name)
Roman Counterpart Role

58. Prominent Greek Authors and Their Famous Works
Sophocles (496-406 B.C. died
at Athens)
 A Greek dramatist who was for the
Greeks a kind of tragic Homer.
 Born at Colonus
 Entered the world when Athens
was in the rising power.
 Began writing early and won the top
prize for the first time in 468 B.C.
 Wrote for 60 years thereafter.
 Won 18 or 24 victories in the contest and never placed lower than
second.
 Wrote 123 plays, of which only seven of his tragedies survive.

59. Prominent Greek Authors and Their Famous Works
Homer (850 B.C.)
 Author of the famous Iliad and Odyssey
 The blind poet
 Born in the Ionian section of Asia Minor
 Died on the island of los and buried there
like a hero with all the honor and the
tradition of praise.

60. Merope- Oedipus’ surrogate mother in Corinth, queen of Polybus

61. Reported by:
Mhina C. Banilan
BSED-FILIPINO