Integration and Automation in Practice: CI/CD in Mule Integration and Automat...
Nanotechnology
1.
2. What is a “nano”?
• A nano is one billionth of a meter or 10-9 m
• A nanometer is one billionth of a meter: one
nanometer is about four atoms long.
3. What is nanotechnology ?
• The science of manipulating atoms and molecules at the
nanoscale to make new system, materials and devices.
• Nanotechnology is about rearranging atoms whichever
way we want
• Nanotechnology is a part of science and technology that
is about the control of the matter on the atomic and
molecular scale .
4. Cont.
• This technology is the latest one and is proving
helpful in the production of new materials on a
nanoscale.
• This technology is very useful in the fields of
medicine, electronics and energy production.
5. How Small Is Nanoscale?
• Ant 5 million nanometers long
• A red Blood cell 10,000 nanometers long
• A DNA 2nm long
• Human hair Approx. 100,000 nm
• Computer chip wire 100 nm
6.
7. Why nanotechnology is used?
• It offers ways to create smaller, cheaper, lighter
and faster devices that can do more and cleverer
things.
• It will let us make most products stronger,
smarter, cheaper, cleaner and more precise.
8. Cont.
• It will dramatically reduce the costs and
increase the capabilities of space ships and
space flight .
• Miniaturization of electrical equipments was
easy.
9. A Brief History of Nanotechnology
• On December 29, 1959, physicist
Richard Feynman gave a radical
lecture at an American Physical
Society meeting at Caltech titled
“There’s Plenty of Room at the
Bottom”.
• Feynman suggested that it
should be possible to make
machines at a nano-scale that
"arrange the atoms the way we
want", and do chemical
synthesis by mechanical
manipulation.
• This lecture was the birth of the
idea and study of
nanotechnology.
10. Two Parts of Nanotechnology
• Nanotechnology is often divided into two parts:
– Nanoscience – where researchers learn about the chemical and
physical properties of materials at the 1- 100 nanometer (nm)
scale. Materials at 1-100 nm are called nanostructures. They are
the smallest things that can be made.
– Nanotechnology – where researchers develop and apply
materials at this scale to develop new products or methods; i.e.,
turning nanostructures into useable tools and applications
11. • Nanotechnology can be used in difference
spheres of life and it is being used in about
500 every day products.
• Nanotechnology is doing great in all spheres
of life by making things simple and more
useful.
12. Nanotechnology spans many Areas
Advance
Materials &
Textiles
Energy &
Environment
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Transportation
Food and
Aerospace Medicine Agriculture
/
Health
National
Security &
Defense
Mechanical Biotechnology
Engineering /
Robotics
Information
Technology
13. Nanotechnology In Medicine
• Researchers in medicines are developing
customized nanoparticles as the size of
molecules that can directly deliver drugs to
the diseased cells in the body.
• Particles are engineered so that they are
attracted to diseased cells, which allows direct
treatment of those cells. This technique
reduces damage to healthy cells in the body
and allows for earlier detection of disease.
14. How Nanomedicine can cure cancer?
• Nanotechnology has been used to destroy cancer cells
with a highly targeted package of "tumor busting"
genes.
• Its benefits:
• Deliver nanoparticles directly to the cancer tissues
• Minimize undesirable toxicity to the rest of the body
• This nanoparticle therapy leads to the extermination of
the tumor from the body.
• It does not leave Secondary Effects on the body.
16. Energy
• The most advanced nanotechnology projects related
to energy are: storage, conversion, manufacturing
improvements by reducing materials and process
rates, energy saving and enhanced renewable energy
sources
• Its benefits:
A-Increase the electricity generated by windmills.
B-Generating electricity from waste heat.
18. • Nanotechnology increases the capabilities of
electronics devices while reducing their weight
and power consumption.
Improves display screens on electronic devices.
Increasing the density of memory chips.
Reducing the size of transistors used in integrated
circuits.
22. Future Of Nanotechnology
National Science and Technology Council (USA)
Claims that:
“Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that
will change the nature of almost every human-made
object in the next century.
** NT : have a unique properties because of their small size
The goal of NT is to improve human lives on this planet
** space flight or ships: By significantly reducing the amount of rocket fuel required
** materials made from carbon nanotubes to reduce the weight of spaceships , while retaining or even increasing the structural strength.
** carbon nanotubes: they are very thin lightweight hollow tubes made up of carbon atoms
He talkes about : there is nanotechnolgy so there is always possibility for a scientist to work with a small and small structures
Science researches look for unique processes and materials and technology looks for ways to use these unique materials.
-nanotechnology: building and using materials, devices and machines at the nanometer (atomic,molecular) scale, making use of unique properties that occur for structures at those small dimen
** Nanoparticles made of a metal such as magnesium oxide
** Nanoparticles heat up and destroy cells.
المشكلة هي توصل الدقيق لجسيمات نانو الى الخلية او الورم The problem is how to access the nanoparticles into the cell accurately
** rasmaka: super thin battery :This new battery uses thin-film nanotechnology is capable of generating power up to 10-20 times more than regular batteries, it is thinner than a sheet of paper, It consists of lithium phosphorus oxynitride (Li2P2ON) that imparts it with its flexible quality and increased storage capacity. In addition, it gets charged up to 80% in just 15 minutes.(georgia institute of tech.)
** reduce the cost of production and develop high performance
** A thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer (monolayer) to several micrometers in thickness. Thin films are created through a process called “deposition.” Deposition is a thin film coating process, which is achieved by modifying the four states of matter, solid, liquid, vapor(بخار) and plasma.
** Wind energy is considered a renewable source and does not produce atmospheric pollution. Nanotechnology is being applied to the production of wind energy
** solar cells: NT gives us hope, that it will work by greatly improving the tech. of solar energy. Using the smallest atom to greatly increase the efficiency of getting power out of the sun. This small machines aim is to maximize the power that we get out of the sun by accurately capturing the suns energy. Nanotechnology solar panels have multilayer that absorbs light at a wider area and also utilizing the power of the sun at different layers so with that 98 percent of the energy is used and converted to electricity.
The electronics industry is getting smaller and faster all the time. Computer chips pictured above contain millions of transistors to run a variety of electronic devices including computers, digital cameras, memory sticks, and traffic lights. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs ) found in traffic lights and display boards are the product of micro and nano-electronics research.
**Intel’s transistors: 2001(70nm), 2005(30nm), 2007(20nm), 2009(15nm)
** super computer in your palm,perhaps made from silicon nanowires, carbon nanotube,
**An integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon
** transistors: converts the weak signals into stronger signals (are the devices that forms the integrated parts of the circuit)
**NT in computer:1) ( the silicon transistors in your comp. may be replaced by transistors based on carbon nanotubes (is molecule in form of a hollow cylinder
2) Size of microprocessor are reduced to greater extend
Adv of carbon nanotubes : 1/ faster & smaller 2/ less energy 3/ high speed & high capacity memory ( provide tese three points to a computer )
There are over 500 products on the market that either have nanostructures or have been developed through nanoprocesses. Including consumer applications – racket tenns –boya
** racket: nanotubes used in tennis rackets to make them lighter, stronger, and longer lasting
Foods-Research is being performed to apply nanotechnology to the detection of chemical and biological substances for sensing biochemical changes in foods
Always
Fresh box and bag set keeps your food fresh ,store your food 5 to 10 times longer
Stain and wrinkle resistant clothes
Fabric and sporting goods
**(food) Nanotechnology will take the genetic engineering of agriculture to the next level down – atomic engineering. Atomic engineering could enable the DNA of seeds to be rearranged in order to obtain different plant properties including color, growth season, yield etc.
**Improve food processing
Enhance flavor and nutrition تعزيز النكهة والتغذية
Remove harmful chemicals and pathogens إزالة المواد الكيميائية الضارة ومسببات الأمراض
Extend food shelf life تمديد الغذاء الصلاحية
Add health benefits
** Storage bins are being produced with silver nanoparticles embedded in the plastic. The silver nanoparticles kill bacteria from any material that was previously stored in the bins, minimizing health risks from harmful bacteria
Personal water filtration is a water filter designed to be used by one person to filter water so that they can safely drink a water
** enables users to drink water safely from contaminated water sources
** the filter is made of durable plastic, is chemical free, and does not need electrical power, batteries or replacement parts, it is powered by user generated suction
** removes 99.9999 % bacteria from the water
** used since 2005
** removes bacteria and parasites from water
**filters 1000 liters (264 gallons) of water
** Japan invented a form of bendable elec. Paper that uses almost no power while displaying the image for advertising building and vehicles
** can preserve images in vived color and without distortion when it folded or bent
** the paper has an image memory function means electricity not used (stores, bus, restaurant)
** morph a technology concept device developed by nokia research center (NRC) and university of Cambridge
** noka mprh is a theoritical future devices based on NT that can change shape and size according to function difference shape: candy bar, bracelet, credit card shaped multi media device
