Example Of Self Directed Learning

Example Of Self Directed Learning
As with the development of many new ideas, self–directed learning has created some confusion in that many related concepts are often used either
interchangeable or in similar ways. Examples include self–education (Hosmer (1847), Dickinson & Clark, 1975, Smith 1976, Snedden 1930);
self–directed learning; self–planned learning (Tough 1966); self–instruction (Johnstone &Rivera 1965, Smith 1976); individual learning (Smith 1976);
autonomous learning (Houle 1962, Miller 1964, Moore 1980, Smith 1976); independent study or independent learning (Jourard 1967, Moore 1972);
and self–access learning (Dickinson 1987). Yet these terms offer varied, though often subtly different, emphases. To illustrate these differences, several
views of self–direction can be compared and contrasted.
In the 19th Century, Hosmer (1847) described self–education in the following way: "The common opinion seems to be that self–education is
distinguished by nothing but the manner of its acquisition. It is thought to denote simply acquirements made without a teacher, or at all events without
oral instruction––advantages always comprehended in the ordinary cause of education. But this merely negative circumstance, however important . . .
is only one of several particulars equally characteristic of self–education . . . . Besides the absence of many, or all of the usual facilities for learning,
there are at least ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Self–access learning is a description of the way in which resources are organized and may be self or other–directed, although many learners choosing
to use self–access resources are likely to have assumed at least a degree of control over the decisions made regarding their learning. Self–directed
learning is, however, equally possible without the provision of self–access centers or a great mass of learning
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R-Directed Thinking
R–directed Thinking
Most of us desire to become a lawyer, an accountant or a computer programmer because they are well paid and decent. But, this thought may be
outdated. Daniel Pink in his book ' A Whole New Mind' put forward that the future belongs to a very different kind of person with a very different
kind of mind. A new world in which "rightbrain" qualities–inventiveness, empathy, meaning–predominate will substitute for the era of "left brain"
dominance, and the Information Age engendered.
In this book, the author first starts to describe how our brains work from a high–level point of view. Thehuman brain is divided into two hemispheres, a
left and a right part. The author explains the differences between these two parts of our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For each of these senses, the author tries to find real–world examples and stories to prove the values of these aptitudes. Design is all around us,
whether it is the way you dress, the color of your room or even the style of your toothbrush. Daily, the choices we make are dependent on their
design. Function doesn't necessarily come into play anymore because the products all function the same. For example, Steve Jobs, he took products
that were available and he designed them to be beautiful products as well as functional. When I choose the electronic products, Apple is my first
choice not only because of its function, but also because of its design. As Pink says, "Story is just as integral to the human experience as design".
Sharing short stories will help improve students' public speaking and communication skills. A music, for example, with a story often touch people's
heart. When I think of Daniel Pink's description of Symphony, it takes me to this clip of Disney and Pixar's Ratatouile. In the clip a Rat, Remmy,
loves how the flavors of food are delicious individually, but together, they create a symphony of flavor. In order to expand right brain thinking, we
need to focus on both separate parts, but we also must identify the whole picture and how all those separate parts relate. Empathy, as defined by Pink,
is many things. Generally, empathy is the

Early Goal-Directed Resuscitation
Furthermore, prompt infusion of antimicrobial agents ought to be priority and this may require extra vascular access ports (Dellinger, et al., 2008).
Early goal–directed resuscitation has confirmed to improved survival for emergency department patients presenting with septic shock in a randomized,
controlled, single–center study. Resuscitation lessen 28–day death rate (Dellinger, et al., 2008). In a reviewed conducted by Dellinger, et al., (2012)
advocated administering one litre of crystalloid or 300–500ml of colloid more than 30 minutes, to accomplish a central venous pressure (CVP) of 8
mm Hg to 12 mm Hg. Volumes ought to be increased if there are huge indications of hypoperfusion (Dellinger, 2014).
My Second clinical priority intervention management for Mr L sepsis is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, Mr L was administered oxycodone 5 mg/paracetamol 1000 mg PRN. According to Hayes & Gordon (2015) pain relief and management is
very important for Mr L. Pain can prevent Mr L from performing activities of daily living, this can have serious effect on Mr L and this can cause
depression or anxiousness and the ability to for the patient to want to end his life (Hayes & Gordon 2015). GRN should focus their clinical
assessment based on body region to help determine the cause of Mr L pain. GRN should also do regular evaluation by using pain scale to effectively
monitor and to determine if there are any changes to Mr L. GRN need to review Mr L pain plan, and consult with a pain specialist about other options
that would promote relief without complicating the current medication therapy prescribed for Mr L. Because

Directed Independent Study Examples
I cannot say I have personally utilized a psychological measure, since I have been in the travel industry throughout my professional experience.
However, while attending my undergraduate studies for directed independent study (DIS), I had participated in a graduate student's thesis research. In
this research, I had taken measures, of which included: 20–item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (tas–20) – to identify any issues with emotions;
Interpersonal Reactivity Index; Emotional Recognition Test (ERT) (see e.g., Montagne, Kessels, De Haan, & Perrett, 2007); a computerized variation
of the Spatial Span of the Wechsler Memory Scale; and Corsi Block–Tapping Task (for a complete review see Reale, 2013). These tests are all derived
from the originator, who provides the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ultimately, as with all reliability, in this case it would be the responsibility of the author (e.g., Reale, 2013) for assuring these psychological measures
sustained reliability, for all participants. Therefore, after submitting her proposal to an Institutional Review Board (IRB), in conjunction with her
principle investigator (PI), the assigned IRB obtained positive reliability results. The tas–20 (see Bagby, Parker, & Taylor 1994), received: "(Cronbach's
alpha = .81) and test–retest reliability (.77, p < .01)" (Reale, 2013, p. 21); whilst, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980) received:
"..standardized alpha coefficients for this subscale for males = .68 and for females = .73, and the test–retest reliability for males = .72, and for females
= .70)" (Reale, 2013, p. 23). It is, therefore, the responsibility of any or all assessors to obtain measures adhering to the highest level of reliability.
These are located in the originally published empirical article(s), which are consistent with the American Psychological Association (APA) rules.

SchindlerвЂ™s List, directed by Steven Spielberg and The...
Schindler's List, directed by Steven Spielberg and The Pianist, Directed by Roman Polanski
The holocaust is seen as a time of horror, filled with brutal, inhuman actions carried out by the Nazi party. Schindler's List, directed by Steven
Spielberg, is one of the most realistic movies to show the gruesome shock of the concentration camps and torture of Jews. Spielberg captured the true
essences of what pain was during World War Two. In 2002, Roman Polanski came out with The Pianist, a movie that focuses on a Jewish man's
struggles outside the walls of a concentration camp. Polanski created a movie that would leave an impression on the viewer. The main purpose of
Schindler's List and The Pianist is to provide an inside view of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, the movie was filmed in black and white to make an impression. The movie is based off of true events that took place during WWII.
The movie The Pianist, directed by Roman Polanski, is a compelling motion picture based on the tragedies of the holocaust. First, the movie takes
place in Warsaw when the city was overrun with the Nazi party. The Pianist focuses on a main character, Wladyslaw Szpilman, a piano player, as
he sees the Nazi power growing stronger in Warsaw. As the Nazis move into the city, the laws towards Jews grow stronger with all of the
regulations. Next, the Nazi power grows so strong that the Szpilman family is moved into the Warsaw Jewish ghetto. The family has to deal with
starvation, disease, and brutal killings. Once the concentration camp is full, and the "final solution" is going into effect, all of the Jews are put on
trains that are sent to the concentration camps. Szpilman is strong enough, so he gets to stay behind to work for the Nazi army. Finally, Szpilman is
saved through a chain of an underground connection where civilians take on the responsibility to move Jews from place to place. Szpilman goes into
hiding where he now has to escape starvation, diseases, cold, and being found. Szpilman takes on the appearance of a cave man by the end of the
movie as he travels the streets of Warsaw that have been destroyed. When the end is near, Szpilman is caught by a Nazi captain

Infant-Directed Media Analysis
The main purpose of this article is to examine how infants use memory to learn from books, television, and touchscreens. It also tries to study the
age–related constrains on memory flexibility that causes the transfer deficit so as to increase the creation and effective use of infant–directed media in
early education. The study of the deferred imitation of media shows that the infants can learn from picture books, television and touchscreens, and the
imitation from television starts from 6 months (Barr, 2013). The results of live demonstrations for infant to imitate is much better than that of the
televised and the book demonstration. Infants after watching a televised and a book demonstration can only imitate half as many actions as infants...
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The author makes some suggestions for improving the usage of media for infant learning. First of all, he suggested that the quality of infant–directed
media should be improved to facilitate the infant learning. The commercial products could repeat content, have realistic photographic images and
familiar characters to enhance visual mapping between 2D presentations and the 3D objects, and feature labels and well–timed sound effects to
enhance auditory (Barr, 2013). These features can help reduce the transfer deficit between the 2D and 3D format. The author also stated that since the
infant's engagement in the child–directed television programs are significantly influenced by parents' engagement and description of content, so parents
and educators could improve infant learning through all 2D materials, not just books. I agree with the suggestion that infants should learn through
various sources, including 2D materials, books, etc. Many parents prefer to let their children to mostly acquire knowledge from books, while the visual
materials can better help the infants to access to the complex knowledge, thus improving their learning

Self-Directed Work Teams
"Critically examine the effectiveness of self–directed work teams"
Self–managed work teams can be defined as a small number of employees with paired skills, talents and knowledge and are all attached to a particular
goal and approach, and for which they are themselves personally accountable. Self–governing work teams usually engage workers within a particular
field, or employees who are working on a common product or process. Self–managed work team normally can be of any range between 12 to
15workers (Kathy and Deborah 2007, 27). The team takes all the decisions which previously would have been taken by the management and they are
responsible for the decisions taken. The teams might work in collaboration with the organisation's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But once the early stage pass, the organization can initially experience an increased in productivity of between 15% to 30%. Success rates are much
higher and failures lower for organisations who have been implementing self–directed work teams since long (James 2008, 432). But the key problem
with self–managed work teams is that it may not be appropriate in some countries where the culture does not give employees the freedom to make
decisions about their work; instead they believe that all important decisions should be made by managers as they are supposed to be more clever than
ordinary employees and more apt to take on such decisions. As a result, if this model is implemented in an organisation operating in such a country, the
results may be disastrous and productivity back to zero (Jordan and Ann 1996, 27).
Decrease in operating costs
Additionally, in today's competitive environment, in order to stay alive, organisations are compelled to operate at minimum cost. Teams take on their
own decisions and work without being supervised, which in turn eliminates the necessity of entertaining middle–level managers and supervisors. This
causes a cut in the organisation's operating costs (Stefanie and Brian 2008, 62). On the other hand, this may give employees the impression that they
have lost a little bit of control or autonomy over their work lives as they now may have to seek the advice of their team in whatever decision they
make and

Self-Directed Search
Self–Directed Search: Casey Jones With my experience with the self–directed search, I felt that the results were accurate for me. I scored highest in the
social category with a score of 35. I felt this was very accurate because I love being able to work with people and also to help people. I always new I
would be in a job that allowed me to help others. I feel like this represents my characteristics as a person and what I want to do with my life. My
second highest category was the realistic category where I scored a 21. This category I also felt like was accurate for the questions that they
asked. I grew up loving to be outdoors with my grandfather and loving to help him work in his shop. We would build things together and through
that he taught me a lot about working with tools and being able to build. Because of that experience, I was able to answer yes to almost all of the
questions that asked if you could do this (example: I have used wood shop power tools such as a power saw, lathe, or sander). I also wanted to be a...
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I don't believe that I would enjoy being a radiologic technologist nor do I believe I would like being a phlebotomist. Both are in the medical field
which does interest me so I feel like that is the reason those two were in my top picks for careers. The special agent is very interesting because I do
feel like I would enjoy a career in that. That would be where my interest in investigating and solving problems would come into play so I do think that
career choice is accurate even though that is not what I'm doing. The last one, mental–retardation aide, I feel like is very accurate. Obviously my heart
is for people with disabilities and I have a love in being able to help them and see them succeed. So I definitely can see how that career choice would be
on my top

Taking a Look at Surfactant Protein-D
Surfactant protein–D (SP–D) is a C–type lectin which is synthesized in various parts of the body. SP–D plays a key role in the auto immune disorders,
lung infections and also helpful in the postnatal pregnancy. This also plays an active role in the host–defense mechanisms. In the host defense
mechanism SP–D binds with various micro–organisms and other particles that enter the human body and act against them. In our present study we
targeted on the interactions of surfactant protein –D with the lipid molecules where their interaction plays an important role in the defense mechanism.
In our study lipid molecules were docked against the SP–D protein and interaction studies were carried–out. Mutations were generated at sites F335G
and R343V and interactions of the lipids with the mutated protein molecules were studied. Among the wild and the mutant protein molecules, mutant
protein F335G showed highest interaction with the lipid molecule distearoylphosphatidylcholine with cDocker energy of 94.726. These studied showed
that mutant molecules are showing highest binding with the lipid molecules when compared to the wild protein molecule. Among all ligand molecules
chosen, distearoylphosphatidylcholine showed highest interaction followed by dilaurylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine with
tocopherol showing the least binding affinity with both wild and the mutant protein molecules.
Key words: Surfactant protein –D (SP–D), Host–Defense mechanism, Auto immune

Advantages Of Self-Directed Teams
Introduction Creating a successful team is not always the easiest thing to do. Before building a team, you must first establish the purpose of that team
and the goal the team is to work toward. Not all teams are successful. It is important to be able to regroup once a team fails. Understanding conflict
and how to move forward is essential in building a strong team. A self–directed team is composed of individuals with different backgrounds,
knowledge, and skills. With this type of team, there is little to no management involvement. These individuals work together toward a common goal.
This leads to a high performing team as they are highly motivated on the goal and achieve that goal successfully.
Difficulties in Establishing Teams Being that self–directed teams have no managerial involvement, this could be challenging. It could be challenging
when deciding how to delegate authority and divide responsibilities amongst the individuals in the team. This is also challenging as there are some
people who are hesitant to take the lead and it could be hard finding someone to take the lead. Another difficulty with establishing a self–directed team
is ensuring each member has the knowledge required to work in the group. Self–directed teams are composed of individuals with different backgrounds,
this could prove perplexing. Training would be needed to ensure every team member is one the same page and have the same working knowledge
(Benefits and Challenges of Self–directed Teams,

Daily Water Level Forecasting At A Reservoir Using A...
Daily Water Level forecasting in a Reservoir using A Probabilistic Nonlinear Model
A reservoir is a place, either natural or artificial for storing water and this storage may be drawn from for use, often to meet the uneven distribution
of water in space and time. The natural flow of rivers and streams differ significantly with the change in weather throughout a year and may lead to
overflows (flood) or low flows (droughts) in various regions (Postel and Richter 2012; Poff et al. 2007). Under such conditions, water reservoirs
play an important role to alleviate these natural disasters by holding water during periods of floods, and allowing steady release of water during
periods of droughts. In addition, these are widely used as the source of water for drinking as well as irrigation. Therefore, accurate forecasts of
reservoir water level is highly essential for optimizing the various water management issues.
Concurrently, forecast of water–level in reservoirs is a very challenging task, since it is impacted by not only stream flow volume but also on other
factors such as flow velocity, stream flow path, rainfall, temperature, watershed characteristics, tributaries and the like (Bates et al. 2008; Piao et al.
2010; Chamoglou et al. 2014). Tributaries, that convey suspended sediment, severely shorten the reservoir life through siltation and rapidly reduce its
storage capacity (Panagopoulos et al. 2008). Water losses through evaporation may also occur in a reservoir (Christensen

Computer Directed Identity
Computer Programmed ID'entity Identity, an individual's sense of self obtained from his/her thinking mind. This identity makes up a life story, the
memories, the expectations, all the thoughts that continuously go through the mind and the emotions that reflect those thoughts. All these things
make up a person's sense of self. Although that sense of self seems to be predicted by other factors such as social media. Analyzing news feeds and
enduring 3 minute ads seems to encourage social media to predict an identity that reflects an individuals real identity. Analyzing everything clicked
on, videos watched or pages liked social media then creates ads that focus on that particular individuals interests. These programmed identities seem
to be very similar, yet very different than actual identities. As I analyze my Facebook news feed and view Youtube videos I find a variety of ads
that seem to pop up regularly. Ads such as makeup and beauty products seem to be common, this is no surprise, many girls receive the same type of
ads. So far social media has accurately determined a small portion of my identity. Along with beauty product ads, I also see many regarding deals on
monthly goody boxes with candy, clothes, or luxury products. This targets individuals interested in online shopping, hoping to relate to ... Show more
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As a result, you are influenced to click on that ad or buy a advertised product. As I said I do enjoy good deals and penny pinching, when thrown
some interesting products or food at a great deal, not taking that deal would seem like a waste. Being a student and always looking online for ways to
expand knowledge attracted the specific app ad to help when writing essays. I do use that app in some of my essay writing. Social media scores
another point for advertising identity, appealing to my real identity through

Military Weapons And Shotguns
Although protective equipment is so important for the safety of soldiers, advances in weapons is what wins wars. The United States military is
constantly designing new weapons for soldiers because with each new threat, a new counter is needed. As for weapons used to take the enemy out,
there are infinite possibilities of weapons that could be designed for that area weaponry. The Unites Statesmilitary is trying to design weapons that no
other country has so that the enemy won't know what hit them and would have no defense for it. Basic rifles and shotguns are the most common types
of guns in the military because of how easy they are to use and can be used from just about any distance. The
M–16A2 rifle is the standard rifle used in combat and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fiber Lasers were invented in 1963 and since the 1990's they have been advanced almost entirely by IPG Photonics Company. The fiber lasers are
compact and can be rolled in coils and take in sunlight which increases its brightness and power by over 30%. This fiber laser is twice as strong as the
solid state lasers (Extance). The High Energy Laser Mobile Demonstrator is a prototype mechanism that is placed in top of camouflaged trucks
and shoots an invisible infrared laser at the enemy planes or weapons. Inside the truck an engineer sits in front of a computer and aims and shoots
the invisible laser at the enemy. This laser is one of the best forms of defense because it only takes two cups of fuel and an outside energy source
such as a generator, whereas a conventional inexpensive missile costs around 100,00 dollars per shot (Extance). The fiber laser only costs less than
10 dollars per shot. This makes the fiber lasers a very effective line of defense against flying targets. Other prototypes such as the LaWS laser
systems have been designed to be placed on United States boats and are able to target smaller enemy boats. Direct Energy weapons use lasers and
microwaves as a weapon. Although not many of these weapons

Self Directed Teams
Amasi decides to use self–directed teams at the Corpus Christi plant to improve productivity. Self–directed teams on average see a 30% to 40%
improvement in productivity . The improvement can be seen through technical traits, interpersonal communication skills, and following a formal
process. Even though the teams follow a more relaxed hierarchy, every person on the team is important. Managers still need to make sure decisions are
made, but they may help guide everyone to come up with their own solutions through regular staff meetings. Self–directed teams allow all members to
be responsible for their own actions and come together to reach a common goal.
Amasi should select employees to excel in self–directed teams based on their character traits ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Communication issues can be either direct or indirect. Direct communication is most often used in Western culture. If some team members are not used
to that style of communication, the other members need to respect their viewpoint and find a solution to how team members will interact with each
other. Accent and fluency could also be a challenge for self–directed teams. If most of the team members come from different countries around the
world, they may have a hard time speaking in one language with each other. Differing attitudes towards hierarchy and authority can be detrimental to
self–directed teams. Self–directed teams allow everyone to participate in making decisions. If some team members are used to vocally stating their
opinions all the time and expect everyone to listen to them, they may find it hard to cooperate in a self–directed team. Also, it can be disastrous if a
team member believes they have been treated disrespectfully. By not following the chain–of–command in some teams, members could be disrespecting
their coworkers. Self–directed teams need a safe environment where everyone can contribute to management decisions

Reflection Paper On Toshiba Flatscreen
To answer the question at hand, I did a small comparison of a few things in my home that use either light or sound or a combination of the two.
My 55" Toshiba flatscreen (which functions as my laptop projection screen) uses 144 Watts (120 v, 60Hz, 1.2 AMPS) vs. my 24" Vizio flatscreen
(used for PS4) uses only 60 Watts. This simply tells me, the larger the TV, clearly the amount of Wattage needed will increase. Items like my WeSC
Oboe Headphones use about 4.5 Watts using a 12 Volt connection, typical box fans (which only produce sound as a side effect of it 's function)
usually take about 100 Watts if used on a high setting, while ceiling fans will use between 55 – 90 Watts depending on the length of their blades.
Typical home lighting can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Every wonder why construction workers, Djs, Sound guys, Night club workers wear protective ear wear? Long term exposures to the amplitude of
certain sounds at certain levels can cause very real deafness. Acoustics can also be used to levitate very light objects, but it could only be a matter of
time before we could use acoustics to move heavy objects with the right amount of power.
http://www.messe.no/ExhibitorDocuments/97567/2655/LRAD%20Overview%20brochure.pdf
http://science.howstuffworks.com/lrad.htm
Secondly, as far as LIGHT in terms of 1000 Watts or more, you would need to hit the extremes of that by studying some of the more useful man
made inventions; High powered Lights and Lasers. Typically if you are talking about High powered lights, it is often lights used for commercial
applications like photography; 1000 Watts used in both Hot Lights which can be uncomfortable for the subject and a safety hazard, and strobes or
cooled continuous lights, which can be used much safer and more comfortably: High powered lights often used in Growing operations, like with
Hydroponics and Marijuana, and Used to the extreme in the application of DEW or Directed Energy Weapons. Lasers and microwaves can be used to
impact physical beings and objects through the use of Directed Energy. Working like a modern complex version of Archimedes 's Mirror

Topology of the Membrane-Bound
Topology of the membrane–bound form of complement protein C9 probed by glycosylation mapping, anti–peptide antibody binding, and disulfide
modification VГ©ronique Rossia,b, Yunxia Wanga,1, Alfred F. Essera,в€
— Introduction and background: Although the importance of human
complement C9 in MAC1 function remains unchallenged, the exact mechanism by which C9 induces internalization of the MAC1 complex into
pathogenic membranes is unclear. Since the early 1980's, multiple functional properties of C9 have been defined encouraging the creation of several
popular theoretical mechanisms for polymerization and membrane insertion of C9. There are five properties of C9 under investigation. Glycosylation
of T258 and T396 contributes to hemolytic activity– published in Molecular Immunology in 1989, Kontermann and Rauterberg removed 88% of
N–linked glycosylation in C9, resulting in an 80% reduction of hemolytic activity. The direct reduction in hemolytic activity following their removal
implicated glycosylation as critical to function.3 Helix–turn–helix essential for transmembrane movement–Published in Molecular Immunology in
1990, Peitsch identified a polypeptide (residues 176 to 345) which he predicted would form a helix–turn–helix motif. He also postulated that this motif
was integrated into the pathogenic membrane upon MAC1 assembly and activation.2 Last 23 N terminal residues involved in C9 polymerization–
published in Immunology in 1994, Taylor truncated human C9, cleaving 23

Self-Directed Learning
1. Describe the essential aspects of self–directed, intrinsically motivated, active learner? We are able to begin to develop abilities in
self–directed–studying during our first–year in the college, to be an effective student. We will be spending a considerable time getting information and
learning the continuous creation of new information, new skills due to the fast pace of change in culture and technology, and an access to info. Much
with this learning will happen at our own initiative. We as a person will have the main responsibility for implementing, planning, and even appraising
our learning effort. This what we should understand as self–directed learning. To be a self–directed learner, we need certainly to develop these four
areas:... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, we will end up able to continuously self–discover, self –rekindle, and self –modify on our program of studies. 2. Identify two areas of personal
strength and two areas of personal weakness in being a self–motivated and engaged student. The strengths I have: being efficient and organize. I have
to have everything a particular manner before I write, perform, or do almost any jobs. Occasionally this can cost me lots of time. The weaknesses
that I have are a perfectionist and impatient at times. I was used to working at a substantially faster rate than those around me. Sharing information
and interacting with others is when I learn best. Understanding my weaknesses assists me to plan methods to conquer them when I am doing tasks
and socializing with others. I must be kinder to myself and less strict about matters being merely so. I also need to be more delicate and
comprehensible of others who tend not to take up my perfectionist styles. I also should be patient with people who take longer time to work. Since I
have got a tendency to delay works when I do not feel like doing anything, I, therefore, need to create a regular schedule with integrated rewards and
times for learning and acquiring assignments done. 3. Plan at least five strategies for personal growth and explain how you will implement your plan.
I.Utilize schemes that need more attempt and that empower them to process info more deeply. Willing to place in greater amounts of effort to recognize

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Text Clustering
AUTHOR & YEARTITLEMETHODOLOGYDISADVANTAGES
S.Murali Krishna et al., 2010An Efficient Approach for Text Clustering Based on Frequent Itemsets In the proposed research, we have devised an
efficient approach for text clustering based on the frequent itemsets. A renowned method, called Apriori algorithm is used for mining the frequent
itemsets. The mined frequent itemsets are then used for obtaining the partition, where the documents are initially clustered without overlapping.
The access to a large quantity of textual documents turns out to be effectual because of the growth of the digital libraries, web, technical
documentation, medical data and more. It does not require a pre–specified number of clusters
G. sailaja et al., 2014A Novel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This does not satisfy the second condition of a metric, because after all the combination of two copies is a different object from the original document.
Florian, et al. 2002Frequent Term–Based Text Clustering In this paper, we introduce a novel approach which uses frequent item (term) sets for text
clustering. Such frequent sets can be efficiently discovered using algorithms for association rule mining. To cluster based on frequent term sets, we
measure the mutual overlap of frequent sets with respect to the sets of supporting documents.
It can be used to structure large sets of text or hypertext documents. Very high dimensionality of the data, this requires the ability to deal with sparse
data spaces or a method of dimensionality reduction.
Anton Bakalov, et al. 2012Topic Models for TaxonomiesThis paper introduces two semi–supervised topic models that automatically augment a given
taxonomy with many additional keywords by leveraging a corpus of multi–labeled documents. the models provide a better information rate compared to
Labeled LDAThe concept node names often do not de–scribe the concept in sufficient detail for unfamiliar users to fully understand the topics a node is
intended to

Self Directed Behavior And Students
This week I wanted to look at self–directed behavior in students. I feel like this is something that students are not taught to do enough of. Any time
that I have changed my behavior, it wasn't because I wanted to change. Many times it was because my parents got tired of the way that I behaved.
Every time that I would attempt to change, making pointless, vague New Year's Resolutions, I failed. Even right now, while we are working on our
behavior projects, I am rethinking what my goal should be because I am having a very difficult time committing to my goal of running thirty minutes a
week. I have never been an athlete, and it appears that I was not meant to be. Anyways, this relates to the reading this week, as the reading was entirely
about self–directed behavior.
The first thing that I will talk about is self–directed behavior, and the steps associated with such. Then, I will talk about how this pertains to students.
Lastly, I will talk about the best ways for students to get these skills.
Self–directed is used by people when they either are bugged by their own behavior or they are bugging someone else with their behavior. This is the
kind of behavior modification that it is often proposed with people make New Year's Resolutions. These resolutions allow them to make their own
goals and work towards their goals. When deciding on a self–directed behavior change, it is important to have a specific target behavior. Lack of a
specific target behavior is often why resolutions

Child Directed Language Essay
Infants are known as "citizens of the world" because they can tell when sounds of syllables change no matter what language is being spoken. As
infants grow they become more aware of the language being spoken to them by their parents. One very popular way parents help their children learn to
speak, is through parentese. Parentese is also known as, child–directed speech. This is a language spoken in a higher pitch, using simple words and
sentences (Santrock 2012, pg. 98). Almost every adult who speaks to a baby uses this language, it is and automatic and unaware action we do.
Parentese, or child–directed speech, captures the child's attention so they are more aware of what the parent is saying and so they can maintain
communication (Santrock

Cued Memory And Directed Forgetting
As the capacity of the human mind is inadequate, storing information into an external source is necessary to maximise memory (Williams &
Woodman, 2012). Subsequent cueing aids the recovery of previously learned material, whilst not altering the processes by which new information is
absorbed. This theory is known as "directed forgetting" (Lee, 2012; Williams & Woodman, 2012).
Research has shown that people are becoming progressively reliant on technology as an "external memory source" (Sparrow, Liu & Wegner, 2011). In a
study conducted by Lee (2012), an inverse relationship was observed between cued recall and directed forgetting. He demonstrated that the introduction
of new stimuli acted as a distractor and facilitated directed forgetting,

Characteristics Of Self-Directed Learning
This essay will describe the essential aspects of a self–directed, intrinsically motivated, active learner. It will also identify two areas of personal
strength and two areas of personal weakness in being a self–motivated and engaged student. The essay will also include five personal growth strategies
how I will implement these five personal growth strategies. The development plan will evaluate the success and accountability aspect of the five
planned personal growth strategies.
Keywords: self–directed learner, intrinsically motivated learner, active learner, growth, development, and learning
Learning Behaviors and Growth
The three types of learning styles discussed in this paper are self–directed, intrinsically motivated, and the active learner. The dynamics included are the
sources of motivation, the rewards systems, disciplines,
Self–directed learning is a method in which one takes their own initiative and ownership to learn with or without the guidance of others. This type of
learner identifies their learning needs, what the learning goals are to gain the knowledge, and the resources needed to achieve the goals. A
self–directed learning is motivated by themselves and sets priorities to attain their goals. They are not easily derailed from their goals and confident
they will overcome any obstacles. (Ryan, 2000)
Intrinsically motivated learners are geared more towards learning for personal purpose and satisfaction. An intrinsically motivated learner does not
engage

Cause-Directed Behavior
At the same time that babies are learning how to communicate and develop their language skills, they are also learning how to "get what they want,
when they want it." This is called thinking and problem solving; this starts from 8 to 24 months of age. After constantly observing that certain actions
lead to certain results, around 8 to 12 months, infants increasingly acquire knowledge of cause–effect relationships. Accordingly, they begin to engage
in goal–directed behavior: They behave in ways that they know will bring around wanted results. They also begin to combine behaviors in new ways
to achieve their goals. One achievement in this sub–stage is object permanence, the recognition that physical objects still exist even when they are
removed

Child Directed Vs Teacher Directed Curriculum
Brain Research Says... In the past, curriculums ranged everywhere from children need to be taught everything to children learn totally on their own.
There are many different theories out there about the best ways to teach. With the advancements of technology, scientists can now explore how the
brain actually learns, grows, and responds. This new information is changing the approach to teaching in many schools around the world. Wolfe and
Brandt (1998) state, "the brain that eventually takes shape is the result of interaction between the individual's genetic inheritance and everything he or
she experiences" The development of the cortex in late teens is closely related to a child 's cognitive stimulation at four years old. Other factors such as
cognitive stimulation at eight year old and parental nurturing showed no effect on the brain scans. These results are proof of a sensitive period that
determines the development of the cortex. It is extremely important to utilize the proper curriculum during this particular window of opportunity. The
controversy over child–directed vs teacher–directed curriculum isn't anything new but recent brain research has brought it back into the spotlights.
Children learn best when they are fully engaged and interested in the topic. Each child is different and intern they are interested in different things. The
task of finding one thing that interests everyone may be too difficult to accomplish but if the chosen subject is broad and can be

A Research On Self Directed Learning
Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.0 Introduction The aim of this literature review is to inform the reader about the influential groundwork studies and the
research on self–directed learning in relation to this study. This chapter is divided into two separate but closely linked parts. It begins with a detailed
account of the Malaysian context in which the current study was conducted, and particular attention is paid to the Malaysian Higher Education
framework and the impact of three key pieces of government documents and reports – the National Philosophy of Education (Malaysian Education
Blueprint 2013 – 2025 2013), the 'nationalization ' of public universities policy (Education Act 1996), and the University and University College Act of
1971 (UUCA 1971) which not only served as the core components in establishing a culturally–responsive Malaysian Higher Education system, but
which had a significant impact on the learning, teaching and assessment practices in Malaysian Higher Education institutions. The discussion then
turns to the Malaysian cultural context and its impact on teaching and learning practices in general with a particular focus on the Malay – Islamic
values and Malaysian – Chinese – Confucian values. The second part of this chapter focuses on the elusive concept of self–directed learning. It begins
with a brief introduction to the history of self–directed learning before three important terms which are often used interchangeably with self–directed
learning in the

Self Directed Reflection
A self–directed, intrinsically motivated and active learner, according to (Guglielmino, 1977/78, p.73), will take initiative and be independent while
taking responsibility for her learning. She will persist and see problems as challenges to overcome. She will be very curious and enjoy discovering
new things using well–practiced basic study skills. She is usually self–disciplined and organizes her time well. She will set goals and develop plans in
order to achieve them. Without these aspects, a person might not even begin learning, unless pushed by some extrinsic motivation. Even when they get
going, they'll lack the discipline to stay on pace. They might quit as soon as they reach the first difficult task or criticism. I know this from
experience, as this was very much my story throughout high school. I only grew up and learned some of these traits as I became a husband and father.
Today, I'm learning to be a self–directed learner and I would have to say that one of my strongest areas is that I don't really see myself as limited, in
what I can learn. For example, I want to learn how to be a software programmer. When I was younger, I thought that I could never learn that; that it
was a profession only meant for those that knew high level mathematics. This thinking prevented me from even trying to learn new things related to
computers. I understand that there will be a lot of learning for me before I can say that I'm a programmer, but, at least, it is a possibility now,

Summary Of Directed Mutagenesis
Summary# 3
Directed Mutagenesis
By using a set of techniques that change specific amino acids encoded by a cloned gene, proteins with properties that are better suited than those of
naturally occurring counterparts can be created by therapeutic and industrial application. Theoretically, these changes can be made out either the protein
or the gene level. However, chemical modifications of proteins are generally harsh, nonspecific, and required repeatedly for each batch of proteins, so it
is preferable to manipulate the DNA sequence of a cloned gene to create an altered protein with novel properties.
The process for generating amino acid coding changes at the DNA level is called directed mutagenesis. Due to the lack of well characterized three

Characteristics Of Self Directed Learners
SELF DIRECTED LEARNER
Self–directed learning includes knowing what you need to learn, how to learn it, and being able to judge if you've learnt it. It assumes that learners
have a role in selecting those learning tasks that fit their learning needs. (Loyens, Magda, & Rikers, 2008).
Essential aspects of a self–directed learner.
Flexibility: It is the most distinctive feature of SDL. Learners have the flexibility and freedom to design and structure their learning. The steady
development of information and communication technologies enhances this flexibility. Accepts Responsibility: Self–directed learners have a variety of
levels of motivation, and they acknowledge responsibility for themselves as learners Readiness is another characteristic of self–directed learners.
Readiness refers to the degree of desire to learn. Self–discipline: Maintenance of discipline is important. Enjoys learning.
INTRINSIC MOTIVATED LEARNER
In "Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behaviour with Concept Maps," the authors offer this definition:
"Intrinsic motivation occurs when we act without any obvious external rewards. We simply enjoy an activity or see it as an opportunity to explore,
learn, and actualize our potentials."
Essential aspects of a self–directed learner.
Challenge: People are more motivated when they pursue goals with personal meaning and when attaining the goal is possible but not necessarily
certain. These goals may also relate to their

Self Directed Play
Whenever children are involved within creative play, this is where they will create the rules rather than adults. Not only are the children free to use
their imaginations, make up their own stories, act out scenes or invent a new game, but this unstructured, self–directed play encourages a child's mental
development and allows a child to express his emotions. "Today's Parent" has stated that, children need at least 45 minutes of creativeplay each day, so
due to this an setting or environment that encourages them to use their imaginations must be created for them.
Creative play involves the use of providing unrestricted toys. This basically means that the toys which are being supplied do not need a demonstration
for the child to use them. The

The Discovery Of Site Directed Mutagenesis
Site–directed mutagenesis, also known as oligonucleotide–directed mutagenesis, is a technique that is used to intentionally modify a DNA sequence of
a gene by introducing a site–specific mutation. The general method for producing the defined oligonucleotide mutation was developed from a
combination of observations on nucleic acids, and it was in the 1978s where enzymatic extension was used as an approach to SDM, using
oligonucleotides as primer (Hutchinson, et al., 1978). Since then, this technique has then been improved in efficiency in later studies which has
stemmed from this initial mutagenesis experiment, and thus novel methods of inducing site–specific mutagenesis has been improved in later years.
The discovery of site–directed mutagenesis has played a significant role in scientific research because its ability to change regions of DNA sequences
enables precise molecular studies of genes and proteins whose function is not yet known. In the past, UV (Scott, et al., 1976) and chemical methods
were used in biological research to induce mutations in attempt to study biological processes. However, such methods were not site–specific in
producing the mutations.
In this essay, I will be describing about the approaches and development of site–directed mutagenesis over the years and also mention about its role in
molecular research as well as its importance in industry.
General method for site–directed mutagenesis
The general method for producing a defined point mutation

The Self Directed Learning Theory
Self–Directed Learning Theory
1.Self–directed learning can be defined as either the process of learning or the personal characteristics of the learner. Either way, it is apparent that this
is the goal of adult education institutions and can be seen in both their courses and their missions to create life long learners. Malcolm Knowles in his
studies and writings on andragogy defined self–directed learning or SDL learning as "the process in which individuals take the initiative, with or without
the help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals, identifying human and material resources for learning, choosing and
implementing appropriate learning strategies, and evaluating those learning outcomes (Merriam ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
SDL can also be thought of as a personal attribute in which the learner has a predisposition toward this method of learning. Knowles wrote that
efficacy and age were both important factors in SDL. As a person ages, they become more responsible for their learning and the more confident they
will be in their ability to learn. The ultimate goal of all teaching, whether adult of child, is to enhance the cognitive and emotional capacities to develop
self–directed learning (Costa & Garmston, 2002). These positive SDL characteristics are also tied to motivation and experience.
For adult learning to be effective, motivation must exist in the learner to participate in the learning process. In SDL the motivation is always the
catalyst that initiates the process. Learning organizations are now coming on board and realizing that their expectations must change from the
traditional learning to requiring adults to be fully able to operate from complex cognitive structures. Adult learners must be self–directed if not the adult
education has failed (Arredondo & Rucinski, 1998).
2.In my own experiences I have witnessed that if the context and motivations are right then self–directed learning will almost certainly occur. In my
own experiences, I see SDL as an attribute that is present in educators that have been effective over long careers. They

The Successful Self Directed Learner
1. For me, the essential aspects of a self–directed, intrinsically motivated, active learner include the following. a. That learner is a person who takes the
initiative for her learning. That means that the self–directed learner does not wait for the teacher to tell her to complete the assignment but does it
before the assignment is due. And if there are missed assignments, the self–directed leaner accepts responsibility and does not lame others or situations.
b. The successful self–directed learner sets a personal learning goal or is goal–oriented. Goal setting means that the learner is guided by some result in
the future, which provides her with the reason to wake up in the morning. Without a learning goal, the learner would be like a boat without a rudder,
just sailing to where the wind blows. c. The self–directed leaner is confident. This self–confidence is very important. The learner has to be able to
believe in herself that she can bring about the results that she wants. If she is not confident, then she could suffer from things like anxiety before a test
and that would be bad for her. d. The self–directed learner is also one who is persistent. This means that she won't simply or easily give up just
because she missed an assignment and got a zero or failed a test. Her long–term goal should keep her trying until she succeeds. Problems are not
obstacles but roadblocks that the self–directed learner has to find a way to show her resourcefulness. e. To me this

Directed Performance Evaluation
When looking back on our directed performance based on The Rover, I have broadened my understanding of how the gender of a performer affects
the character that they are presenting. Our task was to switch gender roles and have our actors perform to the extremes of gender binary conventions;
we achieved this by through the exaggeration of gender stereotypes. This firstly included costume with male with male actors stuffing cloth down their
dresses in order to create huge breasts, female actors wore masculine clothing such as shirts and used cloth to create broaden their shoulders as well as
fake moustaches. We aimed to exaggerate the costumes as much as possible in order to widen the spectrum between both genders and maximise our
exploration... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This clearly went to plan as the audience (including myself) found Angelica's singing funny. I learnt during the rehearsal process and the performance
that both female and male actors were surprised and entertained with their portrayal of each other, females in the audience were shocked and
entertained by Angelica and Moretta's overtly sexual acting. Initially I didn't see the realise the effectiveness of using a piece of transparent cloth as a
curtain on the balcony rather than the intended stage lighting, this changed the outcome of our performance form my original vision, yet added to
positively. Angelica who constantly fiddled with the curtain emphasised a sense of femininity. Originally I intended to replicate the silk curtain
covering Angelica and Moretta on the balcony, we will be using stage lights to illuminate the actors talking whilst leaving the rest of the stage in
darkness, the spotlight will switch between the balcony and the ground to emphasise how Pedro cannot initially see Angelica. We weren't able to
achieve this effect due to technical problems with lighting. Moreover we weren't able to play dramatic music during the fight scene due to technical
problems with sound, I believe that this made the fight scene less effective and ended the performance on an

The Importance Of Self-Directed Learning
As a lifelong learner, it is important to recognize one's unique needs in order to continuously gain and create new knowledge. Self–directed learning
(SDL) was found to be the basis for those who identify with being a lifelong learner (Dynan, Cate, & Rhee, 2008). Therefore, self–directed learners
tend to be motivated by intrinsic incentives to successfully acquire new skills and qualities for personal and professional growth (Hiemstra, 1994;
Patterson, Crooks, & Lunyl–Child, 2002). Self–directed learning is a process in which the individual determines their path in recognizing and
implementing learning strategies for their needs (as cited in Dynan et al., 2008). As a self–directed learner, one has the ability to strengthen the desire
to achieve and accomplish goals (Hiestra, 1994). Previous literature identified self–directed learners as the most effective learners when he or she has
identified and chose their preferred learning styles. For this reason, teachers in secondary schools introduce and model various learning strategies to
provide students with the foundation for future use. With this SDL skill, students should determine useful resources and tools, identify required
modifications for unique needs, and address any questions (Dynan et al., 2008). This provides students with the ability to make learning meaningful
and easier to retain (Dynan et al., 2008). Therefore, SDL may influence novice therapists in selecting and implementing the correct form of clinical

Self–directed learning, or the ability to learn on one's own is an essential competency to master. In order to be an effective self–directed learner one
must be independent and goal oriented, with the ability to make their own study plans and schedules for completing work.
(Cobb, 2017). Ryan and Deci (2000) define intrinsic motivation as motivation "which refers to doing something because it is inherently interesting or
enjoyable." This intrinsic motivation is essential to being a self–directed, active, lifelong learner. The self–directed learner has a high level of intrinsic
motivation, always striving to acquire more knowledge for the pleasure of learning, as opposed to being a means to an end. Active learning is
characterized by the use of speeches, presentations, group discussions, live practicing, and simulations. An active learner should practice active
listening, should look at images and visuals, and even visit places that relate to the subject matter. All of these methods contribute to being an effective,
active learner.
Personally, two areas of strength in being a self–motivated and engaged student are my intrinsic motivation, and my comfort with independence. I take
immense pleasure in learning, reading, and acquiring knowledge. I enjoy learning even if I am not in the process of pursuing a degree and tend to ask
questions, do research, and educate myself on any number of subjects that
I find interesting. I also am very comfortable being independent, I do not find myself needing to ask for clarification on assignments, or readings very
often. The thought of not having instant access to a professor also does not intimidate me, I am very comfortable working on my own, and searching
supplied sources for the answers to my questions. Two areas on weaknesses are my tendency to wait until the last minute to submit assignments, even if
they are finished before a deadline, and my tendency to shy away from speeches and presentations.
My five strategies for personal growth and my plans for implementation are:
1. Develop a timeline for completing coursework every week. I plan to utilize a weekly calendar to schedule my tasks for each course I am currently
enrolled in. I would like to put my daily goals in

Introduction
From the time we are born we are challenged, encouraged, motivated and pushed to learn. We learn to repeat the funny faces that our parents make, to
stand, to crawl, to walk, to talk and eventually have the desire to learn things on our own. This is one of Knowles' core assumptions about adult learning
, he believed that as adults matured they become increasing self–directed to learn (Ellinger, 2004).
Over the last few decades Self–Directed Learning (SDL) has been influential in the way many professionals learn in the workplace with that the trend
has spilled outside of the workplace. According to (Ellinger, 2004), researchers repeatedly have confusing and contradictory findings as to why there is
a growing interest in SDL. Some of the factors that have been examined are adults' educational level, personality factors, learning style, creativity, life
satisfaction, health promotion and wellness, and autonomy, emotional and the political aspects of SDL. (Ellinger, 2004).
How we learn today is a totally new concept as to how we learned a century ago, a half century, or a decade ago. Majority of classrooms have
computers whereas when I was growing up we barely had electric typewriters. How we adapt to the changes– we learn. How we learn it can be based
on many things, how old we are, where we live, what language we speak, how we process information, are we hands on learner or not, or could it be
just as simple as I don't want to know anything about it. I will live

Goal Directed Behavior
There are two main components involved in goal–directed behavior, which is defined as the behavior directed towards accomplishing a specific goal.
The first is to select a proper course of action and the second is to learn to adjust the behavior depending on the surrounding conditions. Studies have
shown that the basal ganglia is the brain region largely responsible for the selection and initiation of these 'willed' movements. That is to say, the main
function of the basal ganglia is in controlling voluntary movements. Within the basal ganglia of the brain, there is an important input structure called
the dorsal striatum, which plays a vital role in the reward system of the brain. Moreover, the dorsal striatum is made up of 2 opponent pathways ... Show
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For instance, when the researchers activated the population of neurons in the direct pathway (dMSNs), it caused the mice to accelerate and push the
joystick at a faster rate on future movements. In contrast, when the researchers activated the population of neurons in the indirect pathway (iMSNs), it
caused the mice to decelerate and push the joystick at a slower rate on future movements. These results were consistent with the wide–held belief that
separate population of neurons in the basal ganglia promote and suppress movement. However, contrary to popular belief, Yttril and Dudman found
that this is not always the case as they discovered that stimulation of dMSNs of the direct pathway can also slow movement, while stimulation of
iMSNs of the indirect pathway can also speed movement. Interestingly, this result only seemed to occur in situations where the researchers activated a
population of neurons at a moment the mouse was making a slow movement of the joystick. This was different from the first case, in which researchers
activated a population of neurons at a moment the mouse was making a fast movement of the joystick. Additionally, the researchers discovered that
stimulation of either population of neurons did not have any impact on the rate of movement initiation or on the rate of water licking by the mice, thus
indicating that movement initiation and motivation are not affected by activation of the neurons. Lastly, Yttril and Dudman attempted to stimulate the
loss of the chemical dopamine in mice in order to help determine the effect of dopamine on the movement speed of the mice pushing the joystick.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical messanger released by neurons in the brain, that plays a vital role in reward–motivated

Directed Study4
Chapter 1
1.List your activities for the first two hours after you woke up this morning. Briefly indicate how marketing affected your activities.
Morning grooming
Check weather
Make and drink coffee
Get dressed
Get in vehicle and turn on morning talk show station
Drive to work
The products I use in the bathroom, the coffee I drink, and the clothes I wear are influenced by marketing. The commercials convinced me to try soap
products, toothpaste, and the coffee I drink. Marketing may persuade one to try a new product but ultimately the product or services must live up to the
"hype" to keep consumers coming back.
2.If a producer creates a really revolutionary new product and consumers can learn about it and purchase it at a website, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Over 7 years in a row, they have won the JD Power for customer service.
Chapter2
2. Distinguish clearly between mass marketing and target marketing. Use an example. Mass marketing vaguely aims at "everyone", meaning everyone
is considered potential customer. It attempts to try to sell to everyone. Examples of mass marketing are products like toothpaste or soaps. Restaurants
would also be mass marketing. Target marketing on the other hand specifically "targets" specific customers. Dentures are targeted for senior citizens.
Formulas are targeted for infants. Target customers ranges from age, gender and or race.
4.Explain, in your own words, what each of the four Ps involve.
Product: developing right product for the target market
Place: product is available when and where at target market place

Promotion: promoting product to target market which may focus on acquiring new customers or retaining customers.
Price: setting price which must consider competition before the final pricing is set
12. Research has shown that only about three out of every four customers are, on average, satisfied by a firm's marketing programs. Give an example
of a purchase you made where you were not satisfied and what the firm could have changed to satisfy you. If customer satisfaction is so important to
firms, why don't they score better in this area? I purchased couple appliances several years back from Home Depot but informed them that it would not
be picked up

Self-Directed Learning
Self–directed learners according to Knowles, Holton & Swanson (2005) stated, "adults generally become ready to learn when their life situation
creates a need to know" (p. 194). This has some grounded facts because most adult learners do not go back to school without a pre–determined
purpose and/or desire to improve on personal or professional set skills. Learning for adults most times have different motivational reasons, which reflect
in their learning style and the research on the relationship between aging and adult intelligence, is a very controversial conversation within the
scientific arena. Adult learners have different motivations when they decide to continue theireducation and understanding how adult learners learn and
process ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As technology becomes more universal, the student and the educator most times need transformation. Transformational learning is when there is a
transformation in our beliefs and/or attitude on the learning process where we become more open to change and doing something totally different to
achieve our educational goals. According to Knowles, Holton III & Swanson (2005) "adults orientation to learning is life centered; therefore, the
appropriate units for organizing adult learning are life situations, not subjects" (p. 40). If the adult learner sees a gap in their learning, the learner will
seek out ways to close that gap as soon as possible, based on this urgency, the learner may need to transform their way of thinking to achieve their
educational goal and there is no one particular teaching method that will guarantee the student learning will become transformative. Transformative
learning requires the student to become open to other teaching alternatives and when a student become open to new ways of learning and thinking it
is a fresh awaking to new possibilities for the learner and the educator. This may involve some aspect in experiential learning which engages the
learner at a more personal level by addressing the needs and wants of the individual learner that does require some degree of self–discipline.
Experiential learning theory defines learning as "the process whereby knowledge is created

Example Of Self Directed Learning

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