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Similar to Unit 7 PowerPoint The Road to World War II
Unit 7 PowerPoint The Road to World War II
- 1. German troops invadePoland Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler
- 2. Peace treaty thatended World War I Germany given total blame for World War I Germany was forced to do four things: 1) Dismantle most of its military 2) Pay for most of the damages done during the war (reparations) 3) Withdraw its military along border between France and Germany 4) Give up territory used to create countries of Poland and Czechoslovakia.
- 4. Europe after WorldWar I Great War left all of Europe in shambles Great Depression hit Europe as well Instability of Europe led to the rise of…
- 5. Totalitarian state: Governmentwhich attempts to control every aspect of the lives its people; people give blind loyalty to their leaders European dictators of the 1930s Joseph Stalin Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Soviet Russia Fascist Italy Nazi Germany
- 6. Nazi rally inNuremberg Fascist rally in Italy …then both took total power after they outlawed other political parties
- 7. A Great WorldLeader? The world had a different view of Hitler in 1937 In the four years after Hitler took power, unemployment had dropped dramatically, Germany was in industrial powerhouse, and they even hosted the Olympics Hitler was even chosen Time magazine‟s Man of the Year in 1938
- 8. Nazi Germany Fascist Italy Imperialist Japan
- 9. Neutrality Act of1935 Made it illegal for U.S. businesses to sell arms to foreign countries Neutrality Act of 1937 Required foreign countries to pay for U.S. goods with cash instead of credit and ship goods themselves Leaders in Congress felt it was big business that drew the U.S. into World War I
- 10. Hitler ignores the Treatyof Versailles and reoccupies the Rhineland in 1937 Hitler and the Germans occupy Poland Rhineland Austria in 1938 In 1938, Hitler Czechoslovakia wants Sudetenland, Austria threatens to invade Czechoslovakia Leaders of France and Great Britain call for a meeting with Hitler in an attempt to avoid war. The meeting is called…
- 11. Hitler meets with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin and French diplomat Edouard Daladier in Munich, Germany Hitler says the Sudetenland is his last desire to complete “lebensraum” Neville Chamberlin , Adolf Hitler and Edouard Daladier The British and the French give in to Hitler’s demands
- 12. Giving in tosomeone in order to avoid conflict The British and the French were willing to give Hitler and the Nazis whatever he wanted in order to keep from having to go to war Chamberlain returns to London and declares that he has secured “peace in our time” Within a year, Hitler claims the rest of Czechoslovakia Poland is next, leading to…
- 13. Germany Invades Polandon September 1, 1939 World War II Begins!!!
- 14. BLITZKRIEG German for “lightning war” Focused on hitting enemy quickly using airplanes, fast- moving tanks and moving troops by mobile transport
- 15. THE ALLIES GreatBritain France Soviet Russia United States
- 16. The Fall ofFrance In 1940, Hitler turns to the West and conquers France
- 17. Germany conquers France Englandwas the only thing left standing to keep Hitler from conquering all of Europe
- 19. The Battle ofBritain After conquering Poland and France, Hitler attempted to conquer the England The Battle of Britain was four-month air battle between the British RAF and the German Luftwaffe The British won the battle and Hitler and the Germans gave up on their plan to invade England
- 20. Roosevelt revises the Neutrality Acts Neutrality Act of 1939 – U.S. sells Great Britain warships in exchange for military bases Some Americans are opposed to FDR’s assistance to Allies Americans who want the U.S. to remain neutral create the… Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt
- 21. • Staunchly believedin isolationism • Firmly opposed any American intervention or aid to the Allies Famous members of AFC Herbert Hoover Charles Lindbergh
- 22. 1940 Presidential ElectionElectoral Votes Roosevelt becomes FIRST (and ONLY) U.S. President to be elected more than twice (he is later elected to a fourth term)
- 23. Lend-Lease Act passedin 1941 Allowed the U.S to lend or lease arms to any country that was considered vital to the defense of the United States U.S could send weapons to Great Britain if Britain promised to return or pay rent for them after the war
- 24. Government goes from a democracy… … to a government controlled by the military
- 25. Japan needed more natural resources Japan takes over part of Manchuria in Treaty of Versailles Military conquers rest of Manchuria in 1933
- 26. Japan takes control of Indo- China, in 1941 Japan wanted Indochina for its abundance of natural resources U.S. places an oil embargo on Japan until it withdraws from Indochina Japan sees U.S. as a roadblock to its expansion plans, leading to…
- 27. December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor is the U.S. naval base in Hawaii for its Pacific Fleet • 21 ships damaged or sunk • 188 planes destroyed • Over 2,400 killed or injured USS Arizona on fire and sinking after Japanese attack On the following day…
- 28. FDR calls December7, 1941 “a date which will live in infamy.”
- 29. Pearl Harbor, December7, 1941 The USS Arizona, where 1,177 crewmen died after two direct hits
- 30. Pearl Harbor, December7, 1941 A Japanese torpedo bomber takes aim at a US ship
- 31. Pearl Harbor, December7, 1941 The USS Shaw suffers a direct hit
- 32. Pearl Harbor, December7, 1941 Planes on fire at Hickam Airfield during attack at Pearl Harbor
- 33. Pearl Harbor, December7, 1941
- 34. Pearl Harbor, December7, 1941 Japanese airplanes prepare to take off from a Japanese aircraft carrier
- 35. Pearl Harbor, December7, 1941 USS West Virginia on fire after the attack
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- 38. War ends theDepression America mobilizes for war Mobilizing: building a military, building war materials in factories, etc. Mobilizing the economy created almost 19 million new jobs and nearly doubled the average family’s income
- 39. Mobilizing for War War Production Board Government agency that set priorities and production goals. It also had the authority to control the distribution of raw materials. Reconstruction Finance Corporation Government agency that had the power to make loans to companies to help them cover the cost of converting to war production
- 40. War Production rampsup President Roosevelt declared a national emergency and ordered that U.S. factories build 50,000 warplanes a year Automobile companies began to make trucks, jeeps, and tanks. They also made rifles, mines, helmets and other pieces of military equipment Henry Ford created an assembly line to build B-24 bombers
- 41. A segregated U.S.military African Americans had separate barracks, mess halls, and recreational facilities Blacks were organized into their own military units Numerous military leaders did not want blacks fighting in combat because they did not trust them
- 42. Blacks make contributions Numerous African Americans made important contributions to the war effort during World War II Benjamin O. Davis First black to reach the rank of General Tuskegee Airmen First all black fighter pilot squadron in U.S. history
- 43. Navajo Code Talkers NativeAmericans also made contributions to the war effort A group known as the Navajo Code Talkers were U.S. Marines of Native American descent who used their native language as code during the war
- 44. Bracero Program Government introduced program to help farmers in the Southwest overcome the labor shortage Over 200,000 Mexicans came to the United States to help harvest fruits and vegetables
- 45. Contributions of women Women’s Army Corps (WAC) First women other than nurses to serve in the U.S. Army
- 47. WOMEN in theWORKPLACE Because of wartime labor shortages, factories are forced to hire women to do industrial jobs traditionally reserved for men “Rosie the Riveter” Great symbol of the campaign to hire women Appeared on posters and in newspaper ads Eventually 2.5 million women went to work in shipyards, aircraft factories, and other manufacturing “Rosie the Riveter” poster plants
- 48. Women Ordinance Workers (WOW) Their work permanently changed American attitudes about women in the workplace
- 49. BLACKS in theWORKPLACE A. Philip Randolph Founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters – a major union for African American railroad workers Led first organized African American labor movement FDR issues Executive Order 8802 Outlawed discrimination in the hiring of workers in defense industries Fair Employment Practices Commission First civil rights agency set up by the federal government since the 1870s
- 50. Shift to theSunbelt Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the South and West Many Americans moved to the South and West during the war The region led the way in manufacturing and urbanization in the U.S.
- 51. Japanese Internment FollowingJapanese attack on Pearl Harbor, American distrust of anyone of Japanese decent grew massively U.S. military rounded up 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry – 77,000 of which were U.S. citizens – and put them in places called internment camps to keep watch on them
- 52. Japanese Internment Japanese were not allowed to live on the west coast, including all of California Executive Order 9066 President Roosevelt authorized the internment Law allowed local military to designate "military areas" as "exclusion zones", from which "any or all persons may be excluded."
- 53. Japanese Internment Korematsu v. United States Fred Korematsu U.S. Supreme Court case concerning the legality of internment of Japanese American citizens Supreme Court ruled Japanese American that internment was Fred Korematsu sued legal because it was saying his rights based on military were being violated urgency, not race
- 54. Rationing begins inAmerica Government rationed goods such as sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat , gasoline and canned goods Ticket for rations of gasoline Households were given a book of ration coupons each month. When they used all their coupons, they could buy no more items that month. Rationing led to the growth of…
- 55. Victory Gardens Americans volunteered to plant gardens to produce more food People grew their own food so the troops would have more
- 56. Natural resources inshort supply Government organized scrap drives for the war effort. These materials included old tires, metal, paper and old rags.
- 57. Invest in America:Buy War Bonds To help the war effort financially, the government asked citizens to buy war bonds When Americans bought bonds, they were loaning money to the government Americans bought nearly $50 billion worth of war bonds. Financial institutions bought back about $100 billion dollars worth in the years following the war.
- 58. Propaganda during thewar Propaganda tried to sway public opinion to support the war effort Propaganda portrayed the enemy as someone who was a threat to you and your family
- 59. Propaganda during thewar These posters addressed the religious differences between the Nazis and many Americans
- 60. Propaganda during thewar This poster reminded Americans of the atrocities that the Japanese had committed against the U.S.
- 61. Propaganda during thewar Loose lips… …sink ships
- 62. American GI’s off to war
- 63. World War II in Europe
- 64. Supreme President of the Commander of United States for the Allied forces most of World War in Europe; II; was elected to planned Allied a third and fourth invasion of term of office Europe during the war Dwight D. Eisenhower Franklin D. Roosevelt Commander of U.S. general during the U.S. Army in World War II who Europe; led the played a large part in American forces the U.S. victories in in the Battle of the Italy and North Bulge; later Africa; nicknamed Chairman of Joint „Old Blood and Guts‟ Chiefs of Staff Omar Bradley George S. Patton
- 65. U.S. builds upits military Selective Service and Training Act passed U.S. government starts the draft Recruits sent to basic training for eight weeks to prepare them for how to fight in war They learned how to handle weapons, read maps and dig ditches
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- 67. Battle of theAtlantic Battle of the Atlantic during WWII pitted German U-boats against Allied convoys By August of 1942, German submarines had sunk 360 American cargo ships Because of the heavy losses, the U.S. set up a convoy system for its trade ships Cargo ships traveled in groups and were escorted by navy warships
- 68. Hitler conquers mostof Europe World War II starts in 1939 when Hitler invades Poland Russia Hitler conquers France England and the Low Countries Germany by the Spring of 1940 France Hitler attempts to Italy invade England but loses Battle of Britain Hitler turns his attention to the East and wants to conquer Soviet Russia The Axis powers of Germany and Italy controlled much of Europe by 1941 Before taking Poland in 1939, Hitler signs a non-aggression pact with Russia, but in 1941…
- 69. Germany invades Russia OperationBarbarossa Hitler and the Nazis break their peace agreement with Russia and invade in 1941 Germans move to the outskirts of Moscow and Stalingrad by the end of 1941 When the harsh Russian winter hits, the German offensive stalled and the Germans were stopped outside of Moscow and Stalingrad
- 70. Battle of Stalingrad First major defeat for the Germans in World War II The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point of the war on the Eastern Front
- 71. Casablanca Conference Meeting of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in1943 in North Africa Churchill and Roosevelt met to discuss plans for an Allied invasion of Europe Leaders agreed that the first step would be an invasion of Italy Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Casablanca
- 72. Allies invaded Italy U.S.General Dwight D. Eisenhower, called Italy the “soft underbelly” of Europe. The invasion began in July of 1943. The defeat of the Germans in Sicily caused Italy’s king to arrest Benito Mussolini and begin negotiating for Italy’s surrender. Victory in Italy paves the wave for…
- 73. Operation Overlord The Allied Invasion of Europe General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the chosen to command the invasion force Invasion’s purposes: Free Europe from German control Make the Germans have to fight the war on two fronts
- 74. D-Day June 6,1944 The Allied invasion of Europe Landings occurred on the beaches of Normandy, France Allies land at five beaches, nicknamed: Normandy FRANCE UTAH OMAHA GOLD JUNO SWORD
- 75. D-Day June 6, 1944 The Allied invasion of Europe Allies sent in hundreds of ships and thousands of men in first three days of the attack The invasion was successful and the Western Front was born
- 77. Battle of the Bulge Last major offensive of World War II by Hitler and the Germans in the Ardennes Forest in 1944 Hitler uses his best forces to attack the Allies in an effort to reach a stalemate Germans caused a “bulge” in the Allied lines in an attempt to break through, but were turned back
- 78. Fall of theThird Reich Following the Battle of the Bulge, American forces Germany had were pouring nothing left to stop across Germany‟s the Allied forces Western border Russian troops from the East were entering Berlin in April, 1945 In April, 1945, Adolf Hitler and his top commanders committed suicide
- 79. V-E Day Victory inEurope Day On May 7, 1945, the Germans surrendered World War II in Europe was over U.S. focus shifted to Japan in the Pacific Theater
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- 81. The Holocaust After the war, the world discovered that during the war the Germans had mass murdered millions of Jews This attempted genocide of the Jewish race when over 6 millions Jews were killed became known as the Holocaust
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- 85. Coming up next: The War in the Pacific
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- 87. Gen. Douglas MacArthur Adm. Chester Nimitz Harry S. Truman Commander of the Commander-in- U.S. President at U.S. Army in the Chief of the the conclusion of Pacific Theater; United States the war; made the oversaw Japan‟s Naval Fleet in the decision to drop surrender on Pacific during the atomic bomb September 1, 1945 World War II on Japan
- 88.
- 89. Japanese Co-Prosperity Sphere Japan‟s vision for a New Great Asia under the slogan “Asia for Asians.” Western colonizers were to be expelled and Japan become the “liberator” of all Asians Japan conquered China and Indo-China to “unite” Asians Extent of the Japanese Empire (1942) Japanese Rising Sun flag
- 90. Pearl Harbor: December7, 1941 USS Arizona on fire during attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941
- 91. American air raidon Japanese capital of Tokyo in April of 1942 Raid was planned and led by Lt. Col. James "Jimmy" Doolittle B-25 bombers were launched from a U.S. aircraft carrier Impact of Doolittle Raid Gave a massive boost to the American morale It showed the Japanese that the U.S. had the capability to attack their James Doolittle (second from left) and his crew mainland at anytime
- 92. Philippines falls toJapan Four months after its attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese complete the conquest of the Philippines Before evacuating his command center in the Philippines, American commander Douglas Macarthur vows “I shall return.”
- 93. The Bataan DeathMarch The Japanese captured 75,000 Allied soldiers after its victory in the Philippines The Japanese marched those that surrendered 60 miles with no food or water. Over 6,000 died or were executed on the march.
- 94. Following its attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan was planning an invasion of the U.S.; needed island of Midway for a base U.S. broke Japanese code and knew about the plan to attack Midway; U.S. leaders set a trap The U.S. Navy “ambushed” the Japanese fleet at Midway, sinking four of Japan‟s aircraft carriers in a resounding victory for the Americans
- 95. Battle of Midway Battlewas the turning point of the War in the Pacific Japan was on the defensive for the remainder of the war
- 96. “Island hopping” inthe Pacific Following the U.S. victory at the Battle of Midway, the tide of the War in the Pacific turned U.S. went on the offensive and began taking back islands that Japan had conquered before 1942 Chang Kai-Shek, FDR, Winston Churchill U.S. re-captured strategic islands and by-passed others, leaving Japanese troops cut off This strategy was called “island hopping.”
- 97. MacArthur returns tothe Philippines One of the key U.S. victories in the “island hopping” strategy was retaking the Philippines To take back the Philippines, the United States put together a huge invasion force In March of 1945, American troops finally recaptured the capital city of Manila As he had promised nearly three years before, U.S. Commander Douglas Macarthur had returned
- 98. Japanese use kamikazes Followingthe Battle of Midway, Japan was on the defensive The Japanese began using an attack tactic known as “kamikazes” A Japanese kamikaze about to hit the USS Missouri Kamikaze was the Japanese word for “divine wind” and was a suicide attack. In a kamikaze attack, a Japanese pilot would crash A kamikaze attack hits the USS Essex in 1944 his plane into a U.S. ship
- 99. War in Pacificintensifies As Americans move closer to Japanese mainland, each island becomes tougher to take U.S. Marines raise flag atop Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima Japanese soldiers fight to the death and refuse to surrender Thousands of U.S. soldiers die taking islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
- 100. Manhattan Project Albert Einstein Albert Einstein wrote a letter to FDR warning him of the type of destruction splitting the atom could have Robert Oppenheimer, left, was the director of the Manhattan Project Research convinced The project to develop the first FDR to begin a program nuclear weapon (atomic bomb) to build an atomic bomb
- 101. Decision to dropthe bomb Person making the decision to use the atomic bomb is U.S. President Harry Truman Truman became president after FDR dies of a brain hemorrhage in early 1945 Harry S. Truman Reasons Truman decides to use A- bomb: 1) Japanese soldiers were fighting to the death 2) Japan would not surrender Truman talks over plan to drop atomic bomb with his Secretary of War
- 102. Atomic bomb droppedon Japan First atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945 Bomb was called “Little Boy”; plane dropping bomb was the “Enola Gay” Three days later, another bomb was dropped on Japanese city of Nagasaki (left) A mushroom cloud rises above Hiroshima after the bomb exploded (below) “Little Boy,” the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima (right) Enola Gay and its pilot Paul Tibbits.
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- 105. V-J Day: Victoryover Japan The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to the unconditional surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945 The war is over!!
- 106. The war isover!! World War II officially came to and end on September 2, 1945 Gen. Macarthur oversees the Japanese surrender aboard the USS Missouri
- 107. Aftermath of WorldWar II There were four main results of World War II on the world An estimated 60-80 million people were killed during the war, over half of which were civilians The United States and Soviet Russia became the “superpowers” of the world Europe was split in half between the Democratic West and the Communist East
- 109. Creation of UnitedNations A last result of World War II was the creation of a new world peace- keeping organization – the United Nations The UN was founded to stop wars between nations, and to provide a platform for nations to discuss differences
- 110. Coming up inUnit 8 The Cold Democracy vs. Communism War