This document discusses several ship accidents and emergencies that occurred off the coast of India and provides recommendations to improve maritime emergency response capabilities. It summarizes several cases where ships collided or sank, in some cases resulting in loss of life, oil spills, or blocked shipping channels. The document concludes by recommending that India ratify international conventions on salvage and compensation, acquire dedicated emergency response vessels, utilize existing port infrastructure to respond to incidents, leverage tracking systems like AIS, and establish a designated authority to coordinate emergency responses.

1. Emergency response
on Indian Coast
Some case studies and recommendations

2. Mumbai High North
• Samudra Suraksha collided
with Mumbai High North
• July 2007
• Rig gutted completely
• 22 died 362 rescued
• Massive loss of production
• MSV Samudra Suraksha
also sank
• Cause ????

3. MSC Chitra
• Collided with Khalijiah
• On 7th August 2010
• Bunker tank ruptured
• Vessel Grounded and listed
• Containers in water
• Oil spill
• Port Channel blocked
• Smith Appointed salvors
• Vessel refloated / scuttled

4. MV Black Rose
• Capsized in Paradip Port L
• On 9th Sept 2009
• Iron ore liquified & shifted
• Slight bunker pollution
• Resolve removed bunkers
• One life lost
• Fake insurance docs
• Wreck still not removed

5. OEL Vision
• Coastal Container Ship
• Carrying 268 containers
• Lost Power
• Unsuccessful salvage by
AHT
• Crew rescued by Navy
• Vessel sank in Bombay
high
• 2nd August 2006

6. MT Kew Bridge
• LPG tanker carrying Butane
• Bound for finolex jetty
• Vessel runs aground
• Cargo transferred
• Salved jointly by Svitzer/Smit

7. IMO CONVETION FOR
PREVENTION, RESPONSE AND COMPENSATION
PREVTION
• SOLAS
• MARPOL
RESPONSE
• SALVAGE
• SAR
COMPENSATION
• LLMC
• CLC
• BUNKER
• WRECK REMOVAL
• FUND

8. Port Entry rules
• Any vessel above 300 GT
• Other than an Indian ship
• Applicable to Indian port off shore or territorial waters
• Exempted if classed with IACS or other recognized Insurance
• Valid P&I upto LLMC limits
• Notice 48 hrs prior entry
• Port authority to verify docs
• Applicable to oil Chemical more than 20 years
• Applicable to Gen Cargo / Bulk cargo carrier more than 25 years
• Seek DGS clearance for insurance for other than IACS and notified
insurers.

9. The National AIS (NAIS) network
• Seventy Four Physical Shore Stations on light houses
• Six Regional Control Centre (RCC)
• located at Jamnagar, Mumbai, Kochi, Chennai, Kolkata & Vishakhapatnam.
• Two Coastal Control Centres (CCC) located at Deep Bhavan, & Vishakhapatnam.
• One National Data Centre(NDC) located at Deep Bhavan Mumbai
• Viewing terminals for I Navy, Coast Guard and DG Shipping at LRIT Data Centre
• Obligatory to carry AIS on all vessels including Dhows and fishing boats
• Indian Coast Can be declared are A1 and A2
• Can be used for SAR to identify vessel in distress and vessels in vicinity
• Range can be extended using Low orbiting ISRO satellites
• Can also be used for VTMS on Indian Coast
• Can also mark wreck virtually

10. Nairobi Wreck removal Convention- Determination of hazard
(a) the type, size and construction of the wreck;
(b) depth of the water in the area;
(c) tidal range and currents in the area;
(d) particularly sensitive sea areas
(e) proximity of shipping routes or established traffic lanes;
(f) traffic density and frequency;
(g) type of traffic;
(h) nature and quantity of the wreck’s cargo, the amount and types of oil
(i) vulnerability of port facilities;
(j) prevailing meteorological and hydrographical conditions;
(k) submarine topography of the area;
(l) height of the wreck above or below the surface of the water at lowest astronomical tide;
(m) acoustic and magnetic profiles of the wreck;
(n) proximity of offshore installations, pipelines, telecommunications cables and similar structures; and
(o) any other circumstances that might necessitate the removal of the wreck.

11. CONCLUSION
• Ratify All Conventions at the earliest
• Have inhouse response mechanism for salvage
• Have three dedicated ETVs
• Use port and off shore vessels as first aid ETVs
• Create a fund for response and compensation
• Use Bunker barges for oil pollution response and shore reception
• Use National AIS system for VTS, tracking, wreck marking and security
• SOSREP like mechanism