This document provides guidance on structuring the body of a research paper. It recommends including: an introduction that states the thesis; multiple paragraphs with supporting details and examples; and a conclusion that restates the thesis. The number of body paragraphs depends on how many points need coverage. Strong writing uses vocabulary, tone, imagination and style to effectively present information. The most important element is logical development. Address counterarguments briefly and focus on thoroughly supporting the thesis. Save the strongest argument for last.

1. Research Paper Structure-Body-Mr. Roberts

2. IntroductionIntroduce the subject and come to the pointBodyThe real power of your writingSupport your thesisExamplesDetailed InformationConclusionBegin by restating your thesisNot word for word!Gradually become more broad and generalBasic Structure

3. This is your argument! (support)The number of paragraphs in the body depends entirely upon how many points you want to cover.Also, how thoroughly you want to cover them.You cannot determine this based on intentions.Body

4. Present your supporting information effectively by considering the following: vocabulary, tone, imagination, originality, style, and all of the skills of working with language.The most crucial element for beginning writers: Logical DevelopmentBody

5. Make the necessary concessions to the opposition as soon as possible.Devote at least one paragraph to every major PRO argument.Save your BEST argument for last.Logical Development

6. In writing, you can usually dispose of the opposition with one or two sentences.Use your CONSDo this quickly to either:Show points that you do not want to disputeSet up arguments that you feel must be disputed.GET DOWN TO BUSINESS!!! (Present your PRO arguments)Concessions (A-S-T-E-R)

7. Intro: The American buggy race is a thing of the past, but its spirit is not ……………………. ………………………………………………………………………………….Thesis: Today’s drag racing teenager is primarily an automotive engineer etc…First Concession: Admittedly, drag racing has a certain element of danger. But so has almost every other sport that attracts young men, and drag racing has something that few other sports can claim: an intensely practical value. (Paragraph goes on to develop the practical value of mechanical skills.)Example

8. Second Concession: It is true, of course, that drag racing attracts its share of irresponsible deviants. But…. (Paragraph goes on to develop the serious attitude of most racers, their respect for rules, etc…)Example

9. Each concession should open a new paragraph and immediately move into a PRO argument.This will should feel very natural – The Psychology of Argument!NEVER develop a CON argument as fully as a PRO argument.Concessions (A-S-T-E-R)Continued…

10. “How do I tell which argument is the strongest?” Use the argument that seems strongest to you.This may change in the process of writing or editing your rough draft.You may find a great example.You may find new meaning or insight.Your writing may be more vivid or interesting.Strongest Argument Last

11. Never commit yourself to a rigid ordering of paragraphs.Use your thesis, pros, and cons as a guide.Transitions!A-S-T-E-RReview