Pronouns are words that we use in place of Nouns (or other Pronouns) in a sentence to make it less repetitive and less awkward. Some of the most common Pronouns are - he, she, you, they, it, etc. These Pronouns are divided into different categories based on their use

1. Pronouns
Grades 7 & 8

2. Pronouns
• A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
• The word that a pronoun refers to is its
antecedent.
• Personal pronouns are one kind of pronoun.
• PERSON NUMBER GENDER
1st (speaker) singular masculine
2nd (spoken to) plural feminine
3rd (spoken about) neuter

3. Personal Pronoun Chart
Nominative Case
NOMINATIVE
CASE
SINGULAR PLURAL
1st Person I we
2nd Person you you
3rd Person he, she, it they
• Nominative case pronouns are also known as
subject pronouns.
• Subject pronouns can be the subject or subject
complement in a sentence.

4. Subject Pronouns
• Subject
• We watched the movie.
• She and Peter provide refreshments.
• They went on vacation.
• Subject Complement (follows linking verb)
• The actor who won the award was he.
• The person who was crying at the end was she.
• The child waving at the camera was I.

5. Personal Pronoun Chart
Objective Case
OBJECTIVE
CASE
SINGULAR PLURAL
1st Person me us
2nd Person you you
3rd Person him, her, it them
• An objective case pronoun is also known as an
object pronoun.
• Object pronouns can be used as the direct object,
indirect object, or the object of a preposition.

6. Object Pronouns
• Direct Object (answers whom? what?)
• The nation elected him in 1860.
• Uncle Tom took us to the museum.
• Indirect Object (answers to whom? to what?)
• Mom often told them amusing stories.
• Mr. Brown showed me ancient vases.
• Object of a preposition (follows preposition)
• The story was written by him.
• The vases had images painted on them.

7. Personal Pronoun Chart
Possessive Case
POSSESSIVE
CASE
SINGULAR PLURAL
1st Person mine ours
2nd Person yours yours
3rd Person his, hers, its theirs
• Possessive Pronouns show possession or ownership.
• Possessive Pronouns take the place of possessive nouns.
• Possessive Pronouns DO NOT contain apostrophes.
• Possessive Pronouns stand alone.

8. Personal Pronoun Chart
Possessive Adjective
POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVE
SINGULAR PLURAL
1st Person my our
2nd Person your your
3rd Person his, her, its their
• Possessive Adjectives show possession or ownership.
• Possessive Adjectives ALWAYS precede the nouns
they modify.

9. Possessive Pronouns and
Possessive Adjectives
• Possessive Pronouns
• Theirs are hanging in the closet.
• That costume is his.
• Have you seen mine?
• Possessive Adjectives
• My painting is on that wall.
• His skateboard is broken.
• Did you see their camera?

10. Pronouns after
Than or As
• The words than and as are conjunctions used in
comparisons.
• Often these conjunctions join two clauses.
• Sometimes part of the second clause is omitted.
• You may need to mentally add the missing part of
the clause to determine if you need a subject
pronoun or an object pronoun.

11. Pronouns after
Than or As
• I’ve known Lisa longer than she.
• THINK: I’ve known Lisa longer than she [has known
Lisa].
• She is a subject pronoun used as the subject of the
clause: She has known Lisa.
• I’ve known Lisa longer than her.
• THINK: I’ve known Lisa longer than [I’ve known] her.
• Her is an object pronoun used as the direct object of
the clause: I’ve known her.

12. Intensive and Reflexive
Pronouns
INTENSIVE/REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS
SINGULAR Plural
1st Person myself ourselves
2nd Person yourself yourselves
3rd Person himself, herself, itself themselves
• An intensive pronoun is used to emphasize a preceding noun
or pronoun.
• Adds emphasis, not necessary for the meaning of the sentence.
• A reflexive pronoun is used as the direct object, indirect
object, or the object of a preposition.

13. Intensive and Reflexive
Pronouns
• Intensive Pronouns
• My mother paid for her education herself.
• I myself researched family vacation spots.
• Reflexive Pronouns
• I enjoyed myself at the cabin. (direct object)
• They bought themselves a book on pet care.
(indirect object)
• Henry takes care of the dogs by himself. (object
of a preposition)

14. Agreement of Pronouns
and Antecedents
• A word to which a pronoun refers is called its
antecedent.
• Pronouns MUST agree with their antecedents
in person, number, and gender.
• PERSON NUMBER GENDER
1st (speaker) singular masculine
2nd (spoken to) plural feminine
3rd (spoken about) neuter

15. Interrogative Pronouns
• An interrogative pronoun is used to ask a question.
• The interrogative pronouns are:
• who, whom, whose, which, what
• WHO refers to persons. It is often the subject of the
sentence.
• Who visited New York?
• WHOM refers to persons. It is the direct object or the
object of a preposition.
• Whom did you visit there?
• To whom did you recommend the book?

16. Interrogative Pronouns
• WHOSE is used when asking about possession.
• Whose is this book?
• WHICH is used when asking about a group.
• Which of the other states would you like to
visit?
• WHAT is used when asking about things or
seeking information.
• What is the book about?

17. Demonstrative Pronouns
• Demonstrative pronouns point out a particular person,
place, or thing.
DEMONSTRATIVE
PRONOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
NEAR this these
FAR that those

18. Relative Pronouns
• A relative pronoun is used to join a dependent clause to its
antecedent in the independent clause.
• Relative Pronouns are:
• who, whom, whose, that, which
• WHO and WHOM refer to persons.
• Louis Pasteur, who discovered bacteria as the cause of many
diseases, was a French scientist.
• Who is the subject of the dependent clause.
• The Chinese, for whom acupuncture is a common practice,
use medical treatments that differ from those in the West.
• Whom is the object of the preposition in the dependent clause.

19. Relative Pronouns
• WHOSE refers to people, but can also refer to
animals, places, or things.
• The Chinese, whose civilization is ancient, developed
paper first.
• THAT refers to people, animals, places, or things.
• Bacteria are simple organisms that have one cell.
• WHICH refers animals, places, or things.
• This outbreak, which took place in 1918, killed half a
million people in the United States alone.

20. Indefinite Pronouns
• An indefinite pronoun refers to any or all of a group of
people, places, or things.
• Singular
• another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, much, neither, nobody, no
one, nothing, one, other, somebody, someone, something
• Plural
• both, few, many, others, several
• Both singular and plural
• all, any, more, most, none, some

21. Agreement with
Indefinite Pronouns
• When an indefinite pronoun acts as the subject of
the sentence, the verb needs to agree with it in
number.
• Singular
• No one is able to predict an earthquake.
• All of the building was destroyed.
• Plural
• Both are good ideas for projects.
• All of the buildings were destroyed.