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Biological catalysts IGCSE Biology (Cambridge)
[object Object]
[object Object],Hydrogen peroxide breaks down to water and oxygen The escaping oxygen causes the foaming 2H 2 O 2 2H 2 O O 2 + water + oxygen manganese oxide
[object Object],[object Object],Enzymes act as biological catalysts Catalase
[object Object],catalase amylase trypsin pepsin Enzymes are proteins
The part of an enzyme where the reaction occurs is known as the active site Active site: Enzyme
The molecule the enzyme acts on is known as the substrate molecule Active site: The site on the enzyme where the reaction occurs Enzyme Substrate  molecules
The molecule the enzyme produces is known as the product molecule Active site: The site on the enzyme where the reaction occurs Enzyme Product  molecules
The enzyme can be re-used
[object Object],enzyme Each enzyme is specific to one substrate molecule or type of molecule active site
[object Object],The rate of an enzyme controlled reaction is  affected by temperature
But this only occurs up to the  optimum temperature  (usually about 40 o C) The temperature at which the rate of reaction is  fastest is known as the optimum temperature When temperature increases the reaction also increases as the molecules have more kinetic energy
After the optimum temperature the heat causes the enzyme to denature ,[object Object]
Rates of enzyme reactions can be measured by recording the time for a substrate to disappear or a product appears ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],protein polypeptides trypsin white clear
Rate Of  Reaction Temperature/ o C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Optimum temperature Enzyme  is  denaturing Rate of reaction of an enzyme reaction changes at different temperatures Molecules gain kinetic energy
[object Object],Rate Of  Reaction pH 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  pepsin amylase The activity and shape of enzymes is also  affected by pH Optimum pH
Enzymes are used in biological washing powders ,[object Object],[object Object]
Enzymes are used in the food industry ,[object Object],[object Object]
Enzymes are used in seed germination starch embryo plant maltose absorbed amylase secreted
Summary ,[object Object],enzyme active site substrate product denature temperature pH optimum catalase amylase trypsin pepsin pectinase lactase protease catalyst catalyse protein
The End ,[object Object]

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Effect of Temperature and pH on enzyme activity

  • 1. Biological catalysts IGCSE Biology (Cambridge)
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. The part of an enzyme where the reaction occurs is known as the active site Active site: Enzyme
  • 7. The molecule the enzyme acts on is known as the substrate molecule Active site: The site on the enzyme where the reaction occurs Enzyme Substrate molecules
  • 8. The molecule the enzyme produces is known as the product molecule Active site: The site on the enzyme where the reaction occurs Enzyme Product molecules
  • 9. The enzyme can be re-used
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. But this only occurs up to the optimum temperature (usually about 40 o C) The temperature at which the rate of reaction is fastest is known as the optimum temperature When temperature increases the reaction also increases as the molecules have more kinetic energy
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Rate Of Reaction Temperature/ o C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Optimum temperature Enzyme is denaturing Rate of reaction of an enzyme reaction changes at different temperatures Molecules gain kinetic energy
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. Enzymes are used in seed germination starch embryo plant maltose absorbed amylase secreted
  • 20.
  • 21.