Early Childhood Vaccines

Early Childhood Vaccines
There is an extensive list of all the vaccines, what diseases they prevent and the symptoms and
complications that are associated with these diseases. By receiving this information alone can
convince a person to have their child vaccinated. Below is listed the vaccines and what the disease
can cause according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website for Vaccines
and Immunizations:
Rotavirus vaccine– prevents against symptoms of severe acute gastroenteritis (vomiting and severe
diarrhea) among children. There are two vaccines recommended for a child to receive (CDC, 2010).
DTaP vaccine, prevents Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (whooping cough)–
Diphtheria– thick mucus in the throat causing breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and
sometimes death (CDC, 2010).
Tetanus– tightening of muscles, can lead to lockjaw (CDC, 2010).
Pertussis– in infants coughing is so bad that it is hard for them ... Show more content on
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MMR vaccine prevents, Measles, mumps, rubella
Measles– cause rash, cough, irritation, fever can lead to ear infection, pneumonia, seizures, brain
damage, and death. Measles causes fever, rash, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes.
Complications can include ear infection, diarrhea, pneumonia, brain damage, and death (CDC,
2010).
Mumps–fever headache, muscle pain, loss of appetite, swollen glands, can lead to deafness,
meningitis. Mumps causes fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, and swollen
salivary glands. Complications can include swelling of the testicles or ovaries, deafness,
inflammation of the brain and/or tissue covering the brain and spinal cord (encephalitis/meningitis)
and, rarely, death (CDC,
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Chickenpox
Epidemiology: Chickenpox
The Varicella–Zoster virus causes a very infectious disease called Chickenpox. Chickenpox is
usually acquired through the inhalation of airborne respiratory droplets from an infected host.
Chickenpox is primarily acquired during childhood , with more than 90% of all reported cases
occurring in children under the age of 10. A person with chickenpox can spread the virus without
even showing any signs or symptoms. It is usually most easily transmitted two to three days before a
rash appears and keeps that high transmission rate until the blisters have crusted over.
The following paper provides a detailed description of Chickenpox and the determinants of health
contributing to the development of the disease. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before vaccines were introduced, varicella was endemic in the United States, and virtually all
persons acquired varicella at some point before adulthood (cdc.gov, 2006). It is reported that 4
million cases of chickenpox were recorded in the U.S. each year before the vaccine was introduced.
Although some states reported cases of varicella to the CDC, it was eliminated from the list of
nationally notifiable conditions in 1981. Children under 10 years of age make up between 75 – 90 %
of chickenpox cases. In 1995, due to the availability of the vaccine in the U.S., hospitalizations due
to chickenpox has declined by nearly 90% (Hambleton, & Gershon, 2005).
Determinants of Health
Varicella peaks in the months of March through May and throughout the regions with mild
temperature. Varicella and herpes zoster occur worldwide and are not restricted to any one
geographic location. According to the CDC, the varicella infection is more prevalent among adults
than children in tropical areas. It is unknown what the reasons are for the difference of age
distribution, possibility is that in rural population varicella infection is not common (cdc.gov, 2006).
January was regularly the season and its peak for the varicella infection before the nationwide
vaccination was implemented. It was a after the nationwide immunizations in 2004, case numbers of

Chickenpox Vaccination
Vaccination is widely considered by many as one of the greatest medical achievements of modern
civilisation. Childhood diseases that were common less than a generation ago are now increasingly
rare because of vaccines. With the widespread development of chickenpox vaccines throughout the
United State and around the world it is expected that the spread of highly contagious and life
threatening diseases are on the decline.
For the 22 years the chickenpox vaccine has been available in the US, vaccination has already
considerably reduced the total number of deaths and the medical costs for treating chickenpox. Prior
to the development of the vaccine in 1995 chickenpox affected about 3.9 million people each year in
the United States. About 90 percent of cases occur in children under age 10, primarily in winter and
spring. Since the vaccine was introduced, there has been a steady decline in cases of chickenpox.
The availability of a safe and effective varicella vaccine has reduced the impact of the disease
substantially.
A once–common childhood infectious disease characterised by a rash and fever
According to national health care claims data from 1994–2012, The Centers for Disease Control or
CDC researchers found that there were 93 percent fewer hospitalisation for chickenpox in 2012
compared to before the vaccine was introduced. During the two–dose varicella vaccination period
(2006–2012), hospitalisation declined 38 percent. Outpatient visits also dropped significantly.

Research Paper On Congenital Varicella Syndrome
Congenital varicella syndrome is a disorder that affects infants at birth due to an infected mother
with varicella zoster virus or chickenpox during early pregnancy. Varicella zoster virus is a DNA
virus that comes from herpes family and it is an infectious agent that is highly contagious. The virus
easily transmits from one person to another during coughing or sneezing. It can also transmit by
touching contaminated things with the virus and by breathing in particles from the virus. Signs that
shows on adults are rashes and itchy blisters throughout the body. It also has a symptom of a
headache and a fever. The sign and symptoms are mild in vaccinated person. An infection of the
virus from a mother to an infant in the first 20 weeks of gestational

Herpes Zoster Essay
Discuss the presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnoses, treatment
modalities, and patient education of herpes zoster. Herpes zoster, or shingles, is a viral infection that
results in vesicular lesions on skin, which are typically limited to one side of the body following one
body dermatome (Dunphy, Winland–Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015). Herpes zoster is caused by
reactivation of the chickenpox, or varicella–zoster virus. Once an individual is exposed to this virus,
it can remain in the dormant or latent phase for decades. The virus attaches to the dorsal root ganglia
and typically recurs when the body is in a weakened state. It is estimated that as much as 10–20% of
the world's population will experience ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, current statistics reveal that less than 8% of potential candidates receive this vaccine.
Zostavax as a one–time dose for those previously exposed as a two–dose regime for those never
exposed to Varicella (Lexi–Comp, Inc, 2016). This vaccine can reduce the severity and duration of
attacks by greater than 60% (Lexi–Comp, Inc, 2016). During a time of outbreak, cool compresses of
Burow's solution can remove crusts and ease pain. Oral anti–viral agents should be initiated within
48 hours of rash. There are several choices in this category, including (Lexi–Comp, Inc, 2016)
Valacyclovir 1000mg tid x 7 days
Famciclovir 500mg tid x 7 days
Acyclovir 800mg 5 times daily for 7–10 days (Lexi–Comp, Inc, 2016)
In addition, consideration should be given to corticosteroids, especially in the elderly population.
This would be given at 40mg qd, with a taper of 5mg qd. Postherpatic neuralgia can be treated with
medications such a gabapentin, lidocaine 5% patch, or topically with capsaicin

Vaccination And Autism Research Paper
Vaccination has been used for a long time with the purpose of preventing certain diseases in children
by increasing their immunity. Vaccines provide protection against infectious diseases such as
measles, polio, whooping cough, rubella and mumps etc. The application of vaccination has saved
millions of children from many life–threatening diseases. However, there has been a great amount of
controversy and debate regarding the subject that vaccines cause autism. People mistakenly believe
that there is a connection between the receipt of vaccines and developing autism even though
scientific research has disproven this false notion. There have been multiple case studies published
that investigated the relationship between vaccines and onset of

The Importance Of Immunization
Immunization is the process where a person is made immune to an infectious disease by the
administration of a vaccine. Vaccinations are the safest way to protect yourself against disease.
Vaccines help reduce deaths and diseases in children and teens that are preventable by vaccines are
no longer common in the United States. Getting a vaccine can provide you with protection against
infection for a lifetime. Immunizations are a vital part of society, and help prevent diseases and even
eliminate diseases. Immunizations are important for many reasons. It is always better to get an
immunization to prevent a disease rather than treat it after it occurs. For every dollar spent on
childhood immunizations saves $18.40, and most immunizations are covered by insurance. The best
possible way for parents to ensure their children are healthy and protected from preventable diseases
are immunizations. Not only do vaccines help prevent diseases they also help eliminate diseases.
Some diseases that have been eradicated are small pox, measles, and mumps. Polio and bacterial
meningitis are also close to being eradicated. The complications that children could have with
chickenpox or the measles are much worse than any danger posed by the immunization.
Immunizations are also very important because even though some diseases rarely affect people in
the United States, these diseases still exists in other countries. People traveling from different
countries can unknowingly bring these diseases

Chickenpox Is A Contagious Disease
Chickenpox is a disease that is predominantly seen amongst children. This disease is highly
contagious and widespread. This is why it is important to quarantine a person with chickenpox right
away in a sense. It is important that a person is not near someone with chickenpox. Any kind of
direct contact with a person that has never contracted chickenpox will immediately make the person
susceptible to getting chickenpox right away.
Chicken pox is a disease of the skin that makes the person get crusty pustules all over their body that
continuously itch. Chickenpox is a contagious disease that spreads rampantly through direct contact.
It is important that the person who is dealing with chickenpox to get a special cream to minimize the
itch. The cream should also dry up the pustules that should be getting bigger at first and with the
cream getting smaller in the end. Many years ago, children could die from chicken pox if it was
extreme. The cure did not come easily. The skin scarring was very prevalent since the designated
creams to fix this condition were not predominant as yet.
A chickenpox outbreak would be the most prevalent in a school where diseases are bred and
contracted readily. This disease can be in someone's body manifesting itself and not even be visually
recognizable. A person can be spreading the disease rampantly till it becomes visible and then the
person is known to be quarantined. Adults can

Chicken Pox
Chickenpox Epidemiology
Grand Canyon University: NRS–427V
June 7, 2014
Chickenpox is disease caused by the virus varicella–zoster. It is most common in children under the
age of fifteen but still possible for older children and adults to obtain. Chickenpox appears as an
itchy red rash all over the body, the rash can turn into fluid filled blisters other symptoms include,
fevers, headaches, tiredness, and loss of appetite. Chickenpox is very contagious and can be spread
even when there are no symptoms. Varicella incubation period is fourteen to sixteen days from time
of exposure but potentially could be ten to twenty–one days (CDC, 2013). The mode of transmission
for varicella is direct contact of the blisters, or through the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Normally children under the age of fifteen years old develop chickenpox. Chickenpox is most
common in the end of winter months and the beginning of spring. Chickenpox is a global disease
but, the chickenpox vaccine availability is decreasing the prevalence of the disease (Mayo Clinic,
2013). In the epidemiologic triangle chicken pox is caused by the virus varicella–zoster. Varicella–
zoster affects people globally. The host of the virus is humans living in the region. The host is
normally below the age of fifteen but adults are able to obtain the disease as well. If an adult were to
develop chicken pox the possible complications from it are greater than if a child were to develop
the disease. Any healthy person is able to develop chicken pox if exposed to the disease. If a person
is vaccinated the chances are decreased by seventy–five percent. The disease can be transferred
directly from infected person to well person, or indirectly such as sharing bedding with an infected
person who has sores or rash present. The varicella–zoster virus does have short life once outside it's
host (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Varicella–zoster is a virus that is categorized in the herpesvirus group.
Varicella–zoster's primary infection leads to chicken pox but also has the ability to be latent in the
system and later in life appear as shingles (herepe's zoster,

Shingles: A Case Study
troduction: A well known but rare skin disease that can lead from the outcome of chickenpox Chis
recognized as Shingles. This may affect someone's life for only two weeks or even up to two years.
This skin disorder is found most commonly as a single strip of blisters on either side of the torso,
although Shingles can be found anywhere on the body. Varicella–zoster virus, the same virus that
causes chickenpox and occurs with Shingles, stays dormant in the spinal cord, not certain if the
disease will activate. Depending on the status of your health due to Shingles, the signs, symptoms,
treatments, and risk factors all play a major role on a certain individual.
Causes: The clear cause of Shingles is the virus varicella–zoster, also being the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A diagnosis test, like Tzanck smear, is when a blister is opened and the fluid and skin cells are used
for testing in a lab. They use a specific stain to examine it under the microscope searching for
certain changes in the cells, suggesting if the person has a certain disease or not. Another diagnosis
test is the Viral cultures (special antibody tests) that may show is there is any identification of
having the varicella–zoster virus. This test, however, could take weeks to get the results. A skin
biopsy, another test, which requires a piece of the skin rash and viewing it under a microscope. All
these tests are used to determine whether or not the patient does or does not have Shingles.
Treatment(s): There is no known cure for shingles, but the treatments done today are used to reduce
the pain and the length of time that you may have Shingles. The most common type of treatments
used are Antiviral medicines, being used to reduce pain of this disease. Acetaminophen and/or
ibuprofen, which are over–the–counter pain medicines, also used to reduce the pain of Shingles.
Lastly, antibiotics used on top of the skin, applied directly, are commonly used for to stop the
spreading of infections of the

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Shingles
When I was 11 years old I was brought to the United States leaving family and who I loved behind,
this change in my life triggered my body to go under high levels of stress and getting what is now
called shingles. I did not know what it was at first, it all started with a small red dot which I thought
was just a mosquito bite, however, little did I know this "mosquito bite" was going to turn into
something very painful. I felt awful and my back, in particular ached and felt very sore. I felt a
burning sensation and penetrating pain like piercing needles in my skin, blisters also appeared and
the rash lasted for about three weeks. It wasn't until years later when I started taking advance science
classes that I learned that shingles happens ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This virus has a double stranded DNA genome and is also "enclosed within an icosahedral capsid,
surrounded by a phospholipid envelope". They are typical symptoms to Chickenpox before the rash
starts to appear, these include; fever, loss of appetite, headache and tiredness, but once the disease
actually appears, it turns into very itchy fluid–filled blisters that ultimately turn into dry scabs. The
first spots that the rash may appear is the face and the back, then it quickly spreads to the rest of the
body affecting even genital areas, and inside of the mouth. They are key symptoms that doctors look
for to diagnose chickenpox, many professionals perform a blood test that checks if a person is
producing antibodies to the virus, this to determine whether or not an individual is already immune
to it (chickenpox). Usually, there is no medical test needed, but instead doctor look for common
symptoms to make a clear diagnosis (fever followed by an itchy rash). Still, Chickenpox can be
confused with conditions that affect the skin like scabies or even insect bites, this is why it is crucial
to seek professional help when a person suspects he or she has contracted the varicella zoster virus.
Treatment for chickenpox varies, there are several things a person can do at home to help relieve the
symptoms, for example, colloidal oatmeal baths help with the itching and keeping nails in good
health and trimmed helps to prevent infections cause by scratching

Evaluation Of Epidemiological Problem Of Epidemiology
EVALUATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROBLEM
NAME
INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION
Introduction
Epidemiology is the branch of public health which attempts to discover the causes of disease in
order to make disease prevention possible. Therefore epidemiology is the study of the distribution
and determinants of health–related states or events in specified populations and the application of
the knowledge to control of health problems. The focus is on epidemiology in public health, that is,
its use as part of the wider process of discovering the causes of disease and preventing its
occurrence in human populations. This study majorly is on varicella virus which causes chickenpox
and shows its effects on children. Researchers conducted based ... Show more content on
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Individuals who have suffered the chickenpox infection develop lifetime immunity as they are
unlikely to be infected by it again. However, the virus remains dormant in the body and it can start
reactivating later in life (Golas, Bennett, White, Skarf, Lesser, Nagel, & Gilden 2015)..
Signs and symptoms of chickenpox
It is important to understand that anyone who has not had chickenpox or received the chickenpox
vaccine can be infected by the disease. Chickenpox infections usually do last a period of about 5–10
days. The common symptom of chickenpox is a rash that turns into itchy, fluid–filled blisters that in
the end turn into scabs.
Other signs and symptoms, which may before the rash, include:
high fever
tiredness
loss of appetite
headache
Once the chickenpox rash appears, it goes through three phases:
Raised pink or red bumps, which break out over several days. They may first shows up on the face,
chest, and back before spreading to other parts of the body, which may include inside the mouth,
eyelids, or genital area.
Fluid–filled blisters, this forms from the raised bumps. They may take about one day prior to
starting breaking and leaking.
Crusts and scabs, which cover the broken blisters and take several days to heal.
Epidemiological studies published since 2000 which shown at least 50 cases of

Chicken Pox Epidemiology
This paper will give an overview of the varicella–zoster virus. This paper will also discuss the
detriments of health from the chickenpox virus. The epidemiologic triangle will be outlined as it
depicts the chickenpox virus. The aspect of the community health nurse will be discussed and
information on a national organization for infectious diseases will be provided.
Chicken pox and shingles are caused by the virus varicella–zoster. The varicella–zoster virus is
spread through the air by coughing or sneezing and can also be spread by touching the blisters or
inhaling particles from the blisters ("CDC," n.d.). Chicken pox (varicella) is a highly contagious
virus. The reactivation of the chickenpox virus (varicella–zoster virus) is ... Show more content on
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Receiving the appropriate vaccinations is important not just to the individual, but is important to the
community as well. An individual not receiving the appropriate vaccines can put the entire
community at risk. The detriments of health can reach further than common healthcare, partnering
with sectors of public health is important to improve the overall health of the community.
The epidemiological triangle has three vertices: "the microbe that causes the disease" (agent), "the
organism harboring the disease" (host), and the "external factors that allow the disease
transmissions" (environment) ("CDC," n.d.) If one of the sides of the triangle are broken, a
disruption occurs between the agent, host or environment halts the continuation of the disease.
Varicella–zoster only occurs in humans. Chickenpox occurs most commonly in children under the
age of fifteen and less commonly in adults ("CDC," n.d.).
The agent for this example of the epidemiological triangle is varicella–zoster. Viruses have core
genetic material and take over cells to reproduce that genetic material. Varicella–zoster is a virus
that is spread through airbourne droplets such as by coughing or sneezing, inhaling infected particles
from the blisters or by touching the blisters. Chickenpox is highly contagious. It can take ten to
twenty–one days for symptoms to appear. Infected individuals can be contagious for one to two days
prior to outbreak of

Varicella Zoster Virus
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is an exclusively human virus that belongs to the α–herpes virus
family. The VZV present worldwide and is highly infectious. Primary infection leads to acute
varicella or "chickenpox", usually from exposure either through direct contact with a skin lesion or
through airborne spread from respiratory droplets [2, 3]. After initial infection, VZV establishes
lifelong latency in cranial nerve and dorsal root ganglia, and can reactivate years to decades later as
herpes zoster (HZ) or "shingles" [4]. In addition, more than 90% of adults in the United States
acquired the disease in childhood, while the majority of children and young adults have been
vaccinated with the live virus vaccine [3, 5]. The increasing incidence

Pros And Cons Of Vaccines
Vaccines have saved many lives the last couple of decades by the support and advancements in
Vaccinology. The effectiveness of vaccines has expanded, leaving 99% of people getting vaccinated
to help the epidemic of immunity in Louisiana. The sensitive discussion of whether it should be
voluntary or involuntary for parents to have children vaccinated is still controversial today. The
parents that refuse to vaccinate their children has started a vaccine war due to opting out of
vaccinations for their children. When they decide to opt out of their children receiving vaccination,
the children become unprotected and gain ability to spread diseases efficiently. There are many
vaccines provided for children to help prevent various diseases throughout their life including
Varicella, Tetanus, HepA, FLi and MMR. When parents can protest vaccinations, they are setting up
the public to be a disease transmitting environment which could contribute to further problems.
Utilitarianism can help us prevent the further problems of disease spreading by making the children
get the vaccines because it is best for the greater good. As of today, there are a variety of
vaccinations required of children before attending school, Varicella being one of them. Varicella is a
vaccine for the chicken pox, which is easily spread among children not vaccinated. When parents
withhold their children from vaccines such as Varicella they are at risk for disease exposure, prevent
them from attending school and

Vaccination Should Be Mandatory
In the past century, vaccinations have progressed to the point where some vaccine–preventable
diseases have been eradicated. After the development of vaccines in 1776 by Edward Jenner,
vaccines began to help to prevent outbreaks of deadly diseases and control the number of deaths.
Ever since the creation of the varicella vaccine in 1995, the number of children who have fallen
victim to the disease and died has also decreased. Even people who are unable to be vaccinated have
been protected to some extent. There is now a debate of whether or not they should be mandatory
for all people who are medically able to receive the vaccinations. Many feel they should not be
required by law to vaccinate children and themselves if it violates their beliefs, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
One argument is vaccines can cause serious side effects (Plotkin). Anaphylaxis and allergic reactions
are not extremely uncommon, and a scientist in the 1990s claimed the MMR (Mumps, Measles,
Rubella) vaccine is the leading cause of autism in young children (Vaccines Procon.org). While this
is true, there have been copious amounts of research done, and everything has shown that there is no
correlation between autism and vaccines (MMR and Autism). In reference to other side effects, the
chances of them occurring are very low, and often not as extreme as the side effects of the diseases
they protect against. A second reason people believe they should be able to choose whether or not to
be vaccinated is vaccines can be against some people's beliefs. Some religious beliefs prevent
people from accepting vaccinations, as well as some people who are vegan or do not eat eggs. These
people tend to decline vaccines made from such products (Omer). As for the explanation, many
vaccines are offered in ways that do not conflict with beliefs, and for patients who have a conflict
with eggs, the CDC still strongly recommends receiving vaccines because the vaccines typically
only contain trace amounts of the product (Influenza

Chickenpox : A Contagious Communicable Disease
Chickenpox (Varicella)
Ashley Ko
Towson University
Chickenpox (varicella) is a highly contagious communicable disease, which is caused by the
varicella–zoster virus. Chickenpox causes an itchy blister or rash all over one's body. Chickenpox
can be dangerous especially in babies, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.
Chickenpox is usually not a serious problem in healthy children, and if a child develops
Chickenpox, they should stay home to prevent from contaminating other people. Chickenpox was
more common in the U.S. during the early 1990s, but following the first Chickenpox vaccination in
the U.S. in the year 1995, there was a gradual decline of the amount of diagnosis for Chickenpox
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). In 1995, when the Chickenpox vaccine was
first introduced, there were 120,624 cases and 115 deaths that year. According to Marin, Zhang, and
Seward, authors of Near Elimination of Varicella Deaths in the US After Implementation of the
Vaccination Program, during 2005–2007, compared to 1990–1994, the age–specific mortality rates
declined by 97%, per million population among children and adolescents (2011). For every year
after 1995, there has been a tremendous decline of deaths from Chickenpox, and an increase in
Chickenpox vaccination rates. Once availability of Chickenpox vaccination became accessible in the
U.S., more than 3.5 million cases of varicella, 9,000 hospitalizations, and 100

Essay On Causative Agent
Causative Agent:
Human herpesvirus–3 (HHV–3)
Disease:
Varicella (chicken pox) and Herpes Zoster (shingles)
Classification of the causative agent:
Varicella Zoster virus is a member of the Herpesviridae family, sub classified as an alpha–
herpesvirinae based on its DNA sequencing and genome arrangement. It has a herpesvirus virion
structure with an inner DNA core, a capsid, a tegument (layer of proteins), and an outer envelope.
Microscopic visualization of the varicella–zoster virus
Photo credit: https://www.videoblocks.com/video/microscopic–visualization–of–the–varicella–
zoster–virus–riagemeqliwddbvtm/
History:
It is widely accepted that Giovanni Filippo was the first to record his description of the vesicular
rash that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Varicella enters through the respiratory track and mucus membranes. The virus will replicate at the
site of entry, then, during the incubation period the virus spreads to the liver, lungs, lymph nodes,
and finally makes its way to the skin. As the infection progresses, small skin vesicles filled with pus
and infected cell particles form on the skin surface. These lesions are the 'pox' of chickenpox.
Herpes zoster (shingles) cannot be passed from one person to another. However, since the virus that
causes shingles is the same virus that causes chickenpox, unvaccinated individuals can be infected
and present with a primary varicella infection (chickenpox) after coming into contact with a shingles
blister either directly or indirectly.
Transmission of chickenpox
Photo credit: https://www.slideshare.net/rajalekshmy/chickenpox–52847384
Incubation Period of the Disease:
The incubation period for varicella is 14 to 16 days after exposure with a range of 10 to 21 days. A
person with a primary varicella infection (chickenpox) can spread the disease from 1 to 2 days
before they get the rash until 5 to 7 days after blisters have begun to heal.
Herpes zoster (shingles) results from the activation of the chickenpox virus already present in

inactive nerve tissues. The virus can remain dormant in spinal nerves for many years and then can
become activated along an infected nerve or group of nerves,

Vaccinations: Vaccine and Vaccines Health Center
Should Parents have the right to not vaccinate their children? | GE217 | Ashley Starrett |
Should parents have to right to say whether their child should be vaccinated or should it be
automatically required? Many parents do vaccinate their children; however there are some that are
against putting foreign substances in their child's body. If parents choose not the have their child
vaccinated then how do they go about getting them into school because most schools require
students to have a number of vaccinations before they can even start kindergarten. There are
required and recommended immunizations. Required immunizations are ones that are required by
state laws and recommended immunizations are recommended by your ... Show more content on
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In studies of the four vaccines used for hepatitis A, nearly 100% of all adults who receive one
develop protective levels of antibodies within one month of receiving a single dose. In addition,
eight years after receiving two or more doses, 99% to 100% of vaccinated individuals were still
fully protected. Results are similar for the hepatitis B vaccine, and experts estimate that both
vaccines will give immunity for up to 20 or 30 years and possibly for life (Children 's Vaccines
Health Center). Because of the risk of hepatitis B in infants becoming chronic, the CDC
recommends that all infants be vaccinated, starting with the first dose at birth. Varicella or other
known as the chickenpox vaccination. The chickenpox vaccine is a shot that can protect nearly
everyone who gets it from catching chickenpox. It 's also called the varicella vaccine because
chickenpox is caused by the varicella–zoster virus. The vaccine is made from a live but weakened,
or attenuated, virus (Children 's Vaccines Health Center). This vaccine is mainly for children and
adults who have not had chickenpox before. There's no need for the vaccine if you have already had
them. The down fall to these vaccinations are the side effects. Most of them are mild ones such as
redness, soreness, or inflammation of the injection site. Some others may cause nausea, fever, or
things on them lines, but the bottom line is that you're not going to get a much more serious disease
that could

Communicable Disease Chicken Pox
Communicable Disease Chickenpox
Grand Canyon University
Concepts in Community and Public Health
NRS–427V
May 01, 2016
Communicable Disease Chickenpox
Here is some background on varicella–zoster virus. Chickenpox and Shingles used to be considered
two different diseases, but they are both caused by the varicella–zoster virus (VZV) ("CDC
chickenpox," 2016). Varicella is the primary infection that causes the chickenpox and the herpes
zoster is the virus that lays dormant in the host until reactivation and causes shingles. About 70–90%
of all chickenpox cases that are reported occur in children under the age of 10 years old ("CDC
chickenpox," 2016). Before the vaccine was introduced in March of 1995, there were 4 million
cases ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Typically the infected person will need to be sequestered for 5 to 10 days or until the blisters have
all scabbed over. The incubation period is about 2 weeks after exposure ("CDC chickenpox," 2016).
The possible complications though rare can be devastating. It can cause hospital stays or even death.
Adults who contract the chickenpox are at greatest risk for death. Infants are at risk for death too.
Males have a higher risk for contracting the virus than females do. The older the individual the
higher the risk for more severe reaction. The primary complication from this chickenpox is itching.
Secondary to the itching is the increase risk for infection and scaring from scratching the pox
blisters. There is also a risk in children for ear infections and hearing loss due to the virus. For most
people, once they have had the chickenpox they are immune for life. But for a few individuals they
can get the chickenpox more than once (Tabers Medical Dictionary – Unbound Medicine, Inc.,
2016).
There are several home treatments that can be done to relieve the symptoms and stop possible
infection and scaring. Oatmeal or baking soda baths help to relieve the itch and sooth the skin, and
calamine lotion will decrease the itch. The physician may prescribe an antiviral if the case of
chickenpox is severe ("CDC chickenpox," 2016).
Prevention is best. In 1995 the varicella vaccine was introduced to the USA. There are two types

Chickenpox : An Infectious Disease
Introduction
Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is an infectious disease. Chickenpox is highly contagious and
spreads from person to person by direct contact or through the air from an infected person's
coughing or sneezing. This causes it to be categorized as one of the many airborne diseases in the
world. Chickenpox is an infection that causes an itchy, blistering rash. It is caused by the Varicella–
Zoster Virus (VZV), which enters the body through the mouth and nose after contact with an
infected person. There are two types of the virus, the first being chickenpox and the second is
shingles (herpes zoster) which is a recurrent infection of the Varicella Zoster Virus.
Symptoms
The Varicella Zoster Virus has many symptoms that can vary depending on the type of virus. The
virus' short–term symptoms occur during the Chickenpox. An infected person will show signs of the
chickenpox virus on their skin and entire body. The infected person's skin will appear to have
blisters, red rashes, scabs, ulcers, or red spots. They will also experience whole body symptoms,
which include fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite. Other common symptoms include headaches,
itching, pus, sore throat, or swollen lymph nodes. In general, the chickenpox affects the infected
person's entire body.
The second type of VZV, Shingles, has similar symptoms to Chickenpox but has been reported to be
much more painful and long lasting. The body is affected more severely when infected with the
Shingles virus

Shingles Research Paper
Do you have Shingles? Are you infected with the virus and don't even know that you are infected?
Have you ever experience the painfulness of shingles. Shingles is a virus that is known as varicella
zoster it's the same virus that causes chickenpox. This virus lays dormant in the body for a long time
and can become active later in life. Shingles is a virial infection that causes a band or strip like rash
to appear on the skin that looks like a cluster of blisters in a small area that is painful also called
herpes zoster. When it appears it can affect either side of the torso and the face near the eye which
can cause serious permanent damage to your vision. This rash can last about 2 to 4 of weeks, when
the healing process begins it forms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The person that has the shingles has the virus infection and if the blister have not begun to heal and
fluid inside leaks or drain and they come in contact with someone who has never had the chicken
pox you will then pass the virus varicella zoster that causes chickenpox. If you have had chickenpox
you will never have to worry about catching the chickenpox but you are now acceptable to get
shingles later in life. As you get older you will want to prevent yourself from getting shingles so you
can go to your physician ask to get the vaccine that helps to prevent the shingles from becoming
active. Patients that are 55 and over needs to get the vaccine Azzurx this vaccine treatment this is an
antiviral medicine that will stop you from acquiring shingles and also treat simplex herpes virus.
Without the vaccine you may have reoccurrence of shingles and it can even be more painful than the
first episode. So when u reach a certain age you should consider getting the vaccination cause it is
recommended if you get it you will reduces the chances of getting shingles and will be less painful
and heal faster. The physician will administer this vaccine shot in the arm it may cause pain,
soreness and swelling afterwards. It is recommended that if you are around the age 60 or after have
been infected with shingles you should

Case Studies
SeAnna Brantley Microbiology Case Studies 1.1–1.8
Case 1.1 1. The fertility specialist recommended the rubella vaccine because if the rubella virus is
contracted early in pregnancy there is an increased risk of miscarriage or birth defects such as
deafness, cataracts, mental retardation, heart defects, liver and spleen damage. There are
contraindications related to conceiving within four weeks of receiving the rubella vaccination
because it is a "live" vaccine and could still cause complications. 2. In the United States it is
recommended that children receive the first dose of the MMR (measles, mumps rubella) vaccination
between 12–15 months (not earlier) and then to receive a second dose around 4–6 years of age. 3.
The client's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Without antibiotic treatment this type of bacterial infection lasts about 10
days but with the antibiotic treatment can be reduced to 2–4 days. Bacterial conjunctivitis is
highly communicable and is easily passed from person to person. 4. Natural defenses that help
prevent eye infections include: the blinking reflex, tears, barriers such as the eyelid and orbital
septum, presence of leukocytes and Langerhans' cells also help as defense mechanisms. 5. There are
preventative measures that could be taken to prevent the spread of this infection. Such measures are
washing hands frequently, disinfecting common areas within the class room and simply educating
the students on how the infection is spread. Case 1.5 1. This patient had necrotizing fasciitis caused
by Streptococcus pyogenes. The presence of the gram–positive cocci growing in chains is the
evidence of Streptococcus pyogenes. To consider the condition to be caused by Clostridium
perfringens or gangrene there would need to be gram–positive rod–shaped bacteria obtained from
the wound. 2. The below the knee amputation was the best solution for this type of infection because
necrotizing fasciitis progresses and spreads rapidly, delaying surgical intervention increases the risk
of mortality. 3. This bacterium is generally transmitted through person–to–person contact and
sometimes can be found in unpasteurized milk. In this case the transmission was most likely related
to the

Varicella Vaccination Paper
During the 2 – dose vaccination, incidence declined between 67 percent and 76 percent (Varicella
Active Surveillance Project, 2016). Varicella outbreaks declined 78 percent from 147 in 2005 to 33
outbreaks in 2012 in 6 states (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The reported
outbreaks occurred in day care centers and elementary schools in the United States (Creed,
Satyaprakash, & Ravanfar, 2009)
Since report rates are low there is a scarcity of varicella data to inform a varicella immunization
policy. In some parts of the world, varicella immunization has stopped due to the lack of information
about the effects of immunization that could be used to assess health gains and economic feasibility.
The varicella vaccine is on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Children, adolescents and adults should receive two doses of the vaccine. Most people who get the
vaccine will not get varicella. The vaccine was developed to prevent serious forms of varicella and
long term complications. The World Health Organization recommends the first dose at 12 – 18
months and up to 4–month interval between doses. In the United States, the two–dose series of the
vaccine was completed within 1 year in 35.9 percent of adolescents (Gallagher et al., 2016). Since
children are usually the ones that get varicella, parents must be educated about treating varicella.
When someone gets varicella, it is very easy to treat. A healthcare provider could diagnose varicella
by looking at the rash and asking questions about the person's medical history. When someone has
varicella, scratching is not allowed because it could cause scarring, slow healing and increase the
risk of sores becoming infected. The best option to protect the sores is to either put on gloves or
have trimmed fingernails. To relieve some of the symptoms of varicella is to take a cool bath with
added baking soda, uncooked oatmeal or a finely ground oatmeal that is made for soaking, calamine
lotion can be applied on the spots and antihistamines for itching (Mayo Clinic, 2016). After bathing
applying soothing moisturizer can soften and cool the skin. A person should wear cool, light and
loose bedclothes because rough clothing could irritate the itchy areas. There are medicines that cure
varicella but they are not given to everyone. Antiviral drugs are not often prescribed to healthy
children who do not have severe symptoms. Adolescents and adults that have a higher risk of
symptoms may benefit from the antiviral medicine if they take it earlier in their exposure. Some
healthcare providers will get antiviral medicines to people in the same household who develop
varicella because the symptoms are more severe. If a child has varicella,

Essay on Vaccines: The Best Choice for Our Children?
There has long been a debate about whether or not parents should take part in the recommended
vaccination schedule for their children. Many parents worry about what they do not know about the
vaccines. This can include concepts such as what is in the vaccine and how the vaccines themselves,
or giving multiple vaccines within a short span of time, affects their children. How combination
vaccines such as DTAP and MMRV affect their children's immune systems or other body systems
could be another worry of parents. Today, newborns and young children are routinely vaccinated
according to an immunization schedule established in 1995 by the CDC, AAP, and AAFP
(Children's, 2013). While the many benefits of immunizations are consistently ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
A number of combination vaccinations such as MMR, MMRV, and DTP have also been developed
(Children's, 2013; Klein et al., 2010). These allowed for children to be immunized against more
diseases than the number of needle sticks they received. According to the Children's Hospital of
Philadelphia (2013), with the addition of so many new vaccines, a young child's immunization
schedule has become significantly more complicated than it has ever been before. As reported by the
CDC (2014), children from birth to 6 years of age receive vaccinations against at least ten different
diseases, with some vaccinations requiring more than one administration in order to attempt to
ensure full immunity. With this wide number of vaccinations, some given within seconds or minutes
of each other and others having two or more vaccines mixed into one injection, the chance that
adverse events could have a significantly negative impact on the young children receiving the
vaccines is a definite possibility despite all of the research already conducted on vaccines and their
safety (Ellenberg, 2001). The many benefits of immunizations have long been known. Before the
creation of vaccinations, the only way to develop immunity to a disease was to contract and survive
it. In regard to the cost of vaccination versus that of treatment of an illness, according to the
National Institute of Allergy and

Varicella Vaccine Analysis
As per CDC (2012), varicella vaccine is well–known in USA since 1995 regarding the high
prevalence and the excessive number of hospitalized people every year because of chicken pox; so
the vaccine is recommended for children and adults to avoid the infection and reduce the disease
severity. The US committee on immunization practices added the varicella vaccine to be a part of
the regular vaccination schedule by giving one dose at the age of one year and the other dose will be
given at the age of 4–6 years to reduce the infection risk among children (CDC, 2007).
Consistent with NHS (2014), the chicken pox vaccine is not a part of the regular childhood
vaccination in UK; however, it is accessible by National Health Services (NHS) in UK for people

Research Assignment : Varicella ( Chickenpox And Shingles )
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT – VARICELLA (CHICKENPOX AND SHINGLES) Introduction
VARICELLA is a highly contagious viral disease that is spread through direct contact, sneezing,
coughing or fluid. Chicken pox is the most common form of VARICELLA, with about 9000 people
are hospitalised each year after having caught the virus, from those people about 90 people will die.
Prior to the introduction of a vaccine chicken pox infected around 4 million people each year with
around 150 deaths (CDC 2015).The Symptoms of chicken pox include an itchy red rash that may
have open lesions, or crusted over wounds, fevers, sore throats and headaches (Better Health
Victoria 2016). However Complications of the common chicken pox are what make it deadly.
Complications can include dehydration, excessive bleeding, inflammation within the brain,
pneumonia, bone infections and joint infections (Health NSW 2014). Babies, adolescents, pregnant
women and people with weak immune systems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of chicken
pox as they find it harder to manage and recover from such symptoms. The other common type of
VARICELLA is shingles, shingles are caused by the same virus as chicken pox, the main symptoms
of this virus is a blistering rash and pain which is triggered by mild stimulation, this pain feels
different in all cases but it has been described as throbbing,stabbing, burning, itching, electric or
numb pain (BioCSL 2015). The virus can be contracted by coming into contact with the

The Ethical Ethics Of Vaccines
Vaccines has saved many lives the last couple of decades by the support and advancements in
vaccinology. The effectiveness of vaccines has expanded, leaving a heavy percentage of people
getting vaccinated to help the epidemic of immunity. The sensitive discussion of whether it should
be voluntary or involuntary for parents to get children vaccinated is still controversial today. The
parents that refuse to get their kids vaccinated has started a vaccine war due to opting out of
vaccinations for their children. There are many vaccines provided for children to help prevent
various diseases throughout their life. When parents can protest vaccinations, we are setting up the
public to be a disease transmitting environment which could contribute to further problems. As of
today, there are a variety of vaccinations required of children before attending school, Varicella
being one of them. Varicella is a vaccine for the chicken pox which is easily spread among children
not vaccinated. When parents withhold their children from vaccines such as Varicella they are at risk
for disease exposure, prevent from attending school and spreading the disease. There are a few
ethical issues that question if forcing this upon children is acceptable or not. The ethical issues that
could be concerned is consent, personal choice and affordability.
The children are too young to understand the benefits of immunization and what a future without it
could hold. Anyone at a young age should not have the

Speech On Chicken Pox
1 – Avoid Chicken Pox
The only foolproof way of not getting chicken pox is to avoid being in contact with absolutely
anyone who you suspect has it. However, if you are reading this, it means that you are not a
complete germaphobe, hypochondriac, or you are a devoted mother, father, wife, husband, or even
brother or sister. I don't know about that last one. If my brother had the chicken pox, and I hadn't
already been through that, of course, I don't think I'd go anywhere near him!
2 – Anyway, so what really is this thing we call the chicken pox?
The culprit is a virus belonging to the Alphaherpesviridae, which is what the herpes viruses belong
to; the specific cause is the varicella zoster virus.[2] Which really shouldn't make any sense to you,
other than it belongs to the herpesvirus family, and it sticks with you for life. It does not ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
About 18 out of 100 healthy siblings vaccinated after contact developed chickenpox.
Vaccine after contact prevented chickenpox in 60 out of 100 children. Vaccinated children who got
chickenpox, had a milder form.
6 – Special Considerations
Here are some things to keep in mind when dealing the chicken pox. If you are pregnant and are not
immune to varicella, do not attempt to care for your sick child, husband, sister, brother, or
whomever it is. This disease can be extremely dangerous for you and your unborn child!
The danger really depends on timing. If you are in your first trimester or in the middle of your
second, your baby has a chance of developing what is called congenital varicella syndrome. This is
characterized by a group of rare birth defects which according to the mayo clinic may include[6]:
Scars on the skin
Low birth weight
Problems affecting the arms, legs, brain and eyes
If you catch the chickenpox a few days before you go into labor, your baby may be born with the
infection, which may be life–threatening for your

Chicken Pox: Varicella-Zoster- Its Epidemiology
Chicken Pox: Varicella–Zoster– Its Epidemiology Grand Canyon University A communicable
disease that affects any age group is Varicella, or more commonly known as Chicken Pox. This
contagious disease is caused by the Varicella–Zoster Virus. A person who has not had the virus, or
has been vaccinated with chicken pox can get the disease. Symptoms of chicken pox include high
fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, and headaches. Chicken pox causes fluid filled blisters that show
up on the face, chest and back, then spreading onto the rest of the body. The fluid filled blisters
eventually turns into scabs as the disease progresses. A person who received the chicken pox vaccine
can get the virus, but with a mild case of the symptoms such as a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If the patient is on an air borne or droplet precautions, masks are to worn by staff and visitors.
Finally, and the most important thing, is proper hygiene, such as washing hands before and after
care for the patients and attending to their area. Within the household, it is necessary for those that
would have a higher risk of complications from the virus to not come in contact with those that have
been infected. With the proper health resources, knowledge on how to control the infection from
spread is as important as tackling the virus itself. The epidemiologic triangle of Chicken pox
includes the Virus as its agent. This virus is called the Varicella–Zoster virus. As any virus, it cannot
live or grow on its own, therefore it infects other viable cells in the body, therefore becoming
contagious. The second vertices, the host, of chicken pox would be the infected human. A person
would not initially know they have been infected with the virus through its initial symptoms, as the
more physical and notifiable symptoms of chickens pox, the blisters, do not show until 1 to 2 days
after becoming infected. The third point of the epidemiologic is its environment. The virus is
favorable of growing in crowded environment, such as when school children pass germs to one
another when

Chicken Pox
Chicken Pox
Grand Canyon University
NRS 427 Concepts in Community and Public Health
4/4/15
Abstract
Chicken pox, also called varicella, is a contagious illness that causes red spots that itch and some
blister all over the body. We are going to take a closer look into how this is passed, the signs and
symptoms, and who it effects the most. Most children receive the vaccination for Chicken pox at an
early age. Adults can receive the vaccination as well, and the chicken pox vaccination requires to
separate doses of the vaccine. Chicken pox is highly contagious to people who have yet to be
exposed to the virus.
Chicken Pox
Determinates of health are referring to "The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental
factors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People who are exposed to this virus are fewer than they used to be due to the vaccination given to
anyone not exposed to chicken pox. Those that are effected are possibly unaware they had never had
chicken pox or are being exposed a second time. Children used to spread chicken pox easily because
of their tendencies to share their drinks and food and be in close contact with those around them.
Shingles is considered part of the Varicella–zoster family, and anyone who hasn't been exposed to
chicken pox should steer clear of the person with shingles. Shingles often comes to people who have
been exposed to the virus chicken pox. Some of the virus may remain in the nervous system and
come back later as painful shingles (blisters, high pain). Treatments for chicken pox often include
topical anti–itch medication, the vaccination is helpful pre–chicken pox, and if the symptoms get
severe a retroviral drug called acyclovir is used to treat the symptoms. As Registered Nurses we can
become more aware of the signs and symptoms of chicken pox. We need to encourage people who
haven't been exposed to get vaccinated because the older we get the worse the chicken pox
symptoms can be. A community health nurse can dig up information in their own community on
number of cases seen throughout the year. They can then collect all the data (age,

Herpes Simplex
Shingles like chickenpox may also occur in the mouth if the maxillary or mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve is affected. A rash will appear on the mucous membrane of the upper jaw, usually
along the palate, sometimes along the gums of the upper teeth or even along the lower jaw (tongue
or the gums of the lower teeth) respectively. It may show up alone or along with the rash along your
skin. Like the skin lesions they will typically stay to one side of the mouth and they will distinguish
themselves from oral blisters. They will typically show as 1–4mm opaque vesicles which will break
down quickly to leave ulcers that will heal in about 10–14 days. Prodromal pain, occurring before
the rash, could be confused with that of a toothache ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Very few diseases produce such a rash so differentiating between them from others is simple. Herpes
simplex virus (HSV) can produce such a rash but only occasionally. If there isn't a rash or it hasn't
developed yet then shingles can be difficult to diagnose. Apart from the rash the other symptoms
(fever, headache, possible sensitivity to light and pain) can be linked to many other conditions. The
Tzanck smear is helpful in determining an acute infection of herpes virus though it doesn't
distinguish between HSV and VZV. If you suspect that its shingles a trip to your doctor can help
diagnose if the rash hasn't produced yet. A simple blood test can determine if you have VZV specific
IgM antibodies in your blood. This particular antibody only appears when you have chickenpox or
shingles, never when the virus is dormant. In larger laboratories they collect lymph from one of the
blisters to test for the VZV DNA or to look with an electron microscope for virus particles.
Molecular biology tests are based on in vitro nucleic acid amplification (PCR testing) which is
currently the most reliable. Nested PCR tests have a high sensitivity and are susceptible to
contamination which leads to a false positive. The latest real–time PCR tests are rapid, easy to
perform and just as sensitive as nested PCR and have a lower chance of contamination and are more
sensitive than viral

Informative Essay On Chicken Sox
TO VACCINATE YOUR SELF AGAINST CHICKEN POX
Chicken pox is also known as varicella. It is a highly contagious disease caused by the infection
called the varicella zoster virus. Back before the vaccine was made, the virus was so common it was
known as a rite of passage for a child. Chicken pox/varicella is sometimes painful for children who
haven't been vaccinated from this virus. The chicken pox virus can start with a fever, headache and a
loss of appetite, not necessarily in that order, and that lasts to about 7 days. About 2 days after these
symptoms the rash will begin to develop. The rash goes through three stages, these stages will
include you developing red bumps all over your body, those bumps will fill with liquid then leak ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most cases occur when a human being develops the infection but in some cases, one will be affected
through contact with an infected person. This painful virus can be spread through saliva from
kissing someone or someone accidently spits on you, it can also be spread through coughing,
sneezing and having contact with one of the blisters.
Most people who are infected with chicken pox will be advised by the doctor to wait for the virus to
pass through their system, since there is no cure if you are already diagnosed with the disease but
you can by some medicine to relive the itchiness of the rashes. Parents will be told by the doctors to
keep their child out of school to prevent the spread of the virus. Infected adults are told to stay home
and relax.
The chicken pox can be prevented by having the varicella vaccine. The chicken pox vaccine
prevents 90% of children from receiving it. The vaccine should be given when your child is between
12 – 15 months old. A booster is given when your child is 4 and 6 years old. People who are unable
to receive the shot can try to avoid contact with people who are infected because there are no other
ways to be protected from this

Pros Of Vaccinating Children
Have you ever wondered why you or anyone else should be vaccinated? In fact, "90% of kids in the
United States are fully immunized against ailments that once killed thousands of children each year"
(Heusel). In this research paper, you will learn about the most common vaccines that children and/or
adults can receive to protect them against harmful diseases. The most common vaccines include
influenza, DPT, MMR, and varicella, also known as chickenpox. Vaccinating your kids and yourself
is very important to remaining healthy and prevent many serious diseases (Heusel). The most
common vaccination available is the influenza vaccine. It is used to prevent the flu and has been
available in the United States for more than 50 years (Flu). The more ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
MMR stands for measles, mumps, and rubella (Measles). It's very safe and effective (Measles). The
CDC recommends that "all children get two doses of the vaccine, starting with the first dose at 12–
15 months, and the second dose at 4–6 years of age" (Measles What). "People who received two
doses of MMR vaccine as children according to the United States vaccination schedule are
considered protected for life" (Measles What). There is also a MMRV vaccine which includes the
varicella vaccine (Measles What). Measles is a disease that causes a rash, fever, cough, a runny
nose, and watery eyes (Measles). "Complications can include ear infection, diarrhea, pneumonia,
brain damage, and death" (Measles). Mumps consists of a fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness,
loss of appetite, and swollen salivary glands (Measles). "Complications can include swelling,
deafness, inflammation of the brain and/or tissue covering the brain and spinal cord (Measles). It
rarely causes death. Rubella can cause a fever, sore throat, rash, headache, and itchy eyes (Measles).
"If a woman is pregnant and gets Rubella, she could have a miscarriage or her baby could be born
with serious birth defects" (Measles). Even though this vaccine can have side effects, it is still
important to get this

Not Being Vaccinated Research Paper
Not being vaccinated does not only mean that you have a probable chance of becoming infected by
diseases but it also means you are increasing the chances of the population around you to be infected
by a disease. According to World Health Organization, infectious diseases kill over 17 million
people annually. Many of the diseases that we now inoculate people against such as measles, are
highly contagious. If an individual is not vaccinated, the chance of them being infected by a
contagious disease is likely. Also, if an individual were to be infected by a contagious disease, there
are more chances that the people who are not vaccinated around that individual are also at risk to be
infected. Vaccines are considered effectual because they confer

A Research Study On Varicella
RESEARCH PAPER GUIDELINES
VARICELLA
Hernan Ramirez
Health Science Technology
3/4/2016
Varicella Varicella is a virus that is caused by Varicella Zoster Virus ( VZV ) or also known as
chickenpox. Back in 1875, Steiner proved that the virus can only spread through body fluids from
other people who have the Varicella. People often did not know the difference between chickenpox
and smallpox until the late 90's. Every year there are about 3.5 million cases of varicella, 9,000
hospitalization, and estimated about 100–150 deaths. In order to prevent that from happening you
may want to get the vaccine that saves about 100 deaths from happening.
Pathophysiology
Varicella Zoster Virus is a DNA virus and has almost the exact same genes of herpesvirus group
(www.cdc.gov). Which also makes the Varicella be part of the same family and strand of DNA of
VZV. Whenever you get the virus inside your system it will last about 5–10 days if it is not sever.
The symptoms before you know you might have chicken pox are high fever, headache, tiredness
loss of appetite. Other symptoms that are going to show on the skin of the patient are rashes all over
the body, blisters all over your body that have liquid inside them eventually turning them into scabs.
The rash usually shows on the face and chest later on spreading all over the body. About in a week
all blisters should have already been turned to scabs. Some rare complications with varicella include
Rare

Heath
[pic]
TERM PAPER
ON
Give the detailed mechanism of chicken pox
Course Name: INTRODUCTION of health & disease
Course Code: Phr883
Submitted To: Submitted By: MISS ANANIAARJUNA Nagesh MR.RAHUL BHASKAR Reg. No:
3050071035 Seat no–46 B.Tech–M.Tech Sem–7th(cse) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Chickenpox lesions can become infected, usually from scratching and most frequently with bacteria
called Staphylococcus These secondary infections may be severe enough to require hospitalization.
The virus is contained in the body fluids and in the lesions of skin and mucosa.It is transmitted from
person to person by droplet infection through the respiratory tract. Rarely the condition may be
caused by exposure to a case of Herpes Zoster. Once the virus enters the body it rests and
reproduces in the lymph nodes of the body for about 3 to 4 days before it travels to the blood to
infect the spleen and liver. It finally rests in the nerve roots near the spinal cord till it is activated. No
trigger maybe needed for its activation, but sometimes it waits for events like stress or diminished
immunity before it attacks. [9]
How chickenpox spread
Chickenpox is one of the most readily communicable diseases. It can be spread from person to
person by direct contact with fluid from the blisters or with secretions from the respiratory tract or
by handling an infected person's clothing or bedding. Airborne transmission is possible through
sneezing and coughing. Susceptibility to chickenpox is universal among those not previously
infected. The greatest number of cases occur in the winter and early spring. [1] The

Chickenpox Essay
Chickenpox is a well–known disease that spreads among children. People perceive it as a mild
infection with little effects on health. Although this is true when it affects healthy children, adults
may face serious health issue when they acquire it. varicella–zoster can also reactivate in in adults
and cause shingles. Fortunately, varicella–zoster vaccines have been made to immune people from
the disease and consequently lower the rate of outbreaks and other serious complications. The
purpose of this paper is to inform the public about the Varicella–Zoster virus, the two diseases it
causes, the varicella vaccine, and how it has lowered the rate of the disease.
Varicella–Zoster
Varicella–zoster virus is a highly infectious herpesvirus that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In those cases, they can develop respiratory problems like pneumonitis, skin infections, hemorrhagic
complications (bleeding), and persisting fevers.6 (include recovery of children vs adults and you're
done with this paragraph)
Shingles
While a person who has had chickenpox can't have the disease again, the latent varicella–zoster
virus can reactivate and cause shingles. While the reason behind its reactivation is unknown, older
and immunocompromised individuals are more prone to the disease as their immune system is
weakened.3,4 The symptoms of shingles start off with pain, burning, and tingling. After that, rashes
and blisters similar to the ones of chickenpox appear. The only difference is that the rash tends to
affect certain areas of one side of the body as a stripe that wraps around the torso4, and the pain
persists for more than 3 months after the rash heals 3. Some people may experience fever,
migraines, and fatigue. Furthermore, some complications can occur with shingles like prolonged
pain in the skin, vision loss, skin infections and other neurological problems.4 (maybe talk about
treatment)
Varicella vaccine
Vaccines are strains of weakened viruses that are made to give immunity from infections and
prevent the person from

The Varicella Vaccine
Vaccines really are the most reliable cure that we have for all types of sicknesses that we don't
understand how to cure, that is why vaccines are so helpful because they are an early cure. Many
people do not get any types of vaccines because they don't believe that the vaccines actually make a
difference in one's health. The truth is that most of the vaccinations that we were given during our
childhood give us immunity about 90–100% of the time(Department of Health and Human
Services). For an example, a case study showed from 1997 to 2003 that one dose of the Varicella
Vaccine was 97% effective in the first year, and 86% effective in the second year(CDC). Another
example is the HIV virus, also known as the human immunodeficiency virus, has a vaccine for
children so they can try to stop the virus early on has been 82% effective with the children that have
gotten it, and that is with only one dose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They always have to do lots of testing on the vaccine to see its side effects or to see how it works.
They test the vaccination in laboratories, they use animal studies and human clinical trials. If or
when the FDA decides if the vaccine and its ingredients are healthy and safe for all ages, they still
keep in touch with the vaccine. The FDA watches to see how it is working and if people are having
troubles with it, they just keep a close eye on it. Chemicals are added to vaccinations to put a stop to
the virus or bacteria and to stabilize the vaccine, helping to keep the vaccine and stop it from losing
its potency over time.The number of chemicals found in vaccines is a very small portion, but they
do need enough to kill the bacteria or virus(CDC). Allergic reactions to a substance in a vaccine
happens only about once in every million vaccine

Early Childhood Vaccines

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Early Childhood Vaccines