Information Security System Essay

Information Security System Essay
Importance of Information Security Systems:
For managing and administering an organization, an Information Security System (ISMS) has
become extremely significant and its importance is also quite apparent. The reason behind its
increasing significance is the mounting pressure and danger to the reliability, safekeeping,
accessibility and privacy of the information of the organization. It is also rising directly with the life
time and size of the organization, therefore, this information security system is highly preferred. The
information resources should be guarded by the organization by adopting suitable measures.
According to a latest review, business and commerce in the United Kingdom is relying increasingly
on the IT systems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Working from home as well as travelling has been made direct with the advent of mobile phones,
computers, digital cameras, portable projectors, MP3 players and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
with the outcome that network perimeters have become even more absorbent.
3. There has been a very major increase in the usage of internet for business purposes and
communication. This has been taken onto next levels by the progress of wireless, voice over IP
(VoIP) and broadband techniques.
* The Internet is innately for public as it is reachable by everyone who lives anywhere. It is made up
of a huge number of connections. * The Internet can be referred to as the backbone connection
which has made it possible for connecting every computer in the world with each other. * A decrease
in the prices of computers has resulted in making computing a very common trend which means that
nearly everyone owns a computer now and has enough information about a computer that he can
easily harm an organization's network. * The advent of the wireless technology has made it possible
for the internet as well as the information to reach anywhere at a very low cost and very easily.
Thus, it diminishes the apparent value and essentiality of information and definitely reveals private
and sensitive information increasingly and brings it to a casual reach.
In other words, we can
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

System Integrity and Validation
System Integrity and Validation ACC 542
System Integrity and Validation In the past months, Jarowito Company has analyzed carefully
Kudler Fine Foods accounting information system. It has explored the key business and the
accounting information needed. It has analyzed strength and weaknesses of the systems and
technology, suggesting some technology opportunities. It has evaluated the possible threats,
suggesting how to avoid them. It has recommended the use of industry–specific software. It has
examined the automation of the company's data table through its elements and it has explained how
the use of pivot tables can improve management decision–making. It has scrutinized ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The auditor can compare the results with the existing reports created by the company. Audit
Productivity Software is any software that provides computerized audit solutions, facilitating the
auditors' personal productivity. The objective behind it is design, utility, and increasing demand in
corporate governance circles which lies in providing automation solutions as well as facilitating
compliance management in audit reporting. With these software's, organizations like Kudler can
manage and keep track of audit reportage and conformity in their operations. The software has
several functions (ehow, 2011). * They can appraise the performance of an organization in audit
reporting. * The organization can better achieve an optimal utilization of it deployed resources,
improving the company's performance objectives. * Improvement of Hub Operations easily,
companies can test and modify operations to suit their desired work standards. * Data management
and Data entry, especially from hand–held devices can be easily optimized and programmed, saving
time and resources. * Automation of regular and internal quality assessment reviews within an
organization.
Some of the software's available are:

The Electronic Health Records ( Ehr )
Abstract
The times of entering and storing health care records in file cabinets is quickly changing due to the
electronic age. Electronic Health Records (EHR) are becoming increasingly popular especially since
there have been many legislative attempts to encourage the use of health information technology
systems. With the potential benefits that come with EHR's, potential risks are also associated with
this technology. The main concern is that of maintaining data security and if current law establishes
enough security guidelines. Though security is a major risk of EHR's many ideas have been
proposed in order to help alleviate the potential threats. This topic is beneficial to the profession of
nursing because as nurses it is also our responsibility to ensure that these systems are secure in order
to maintain the integrity of our patient's health information.
Introduction
The Electronic Health Record may be a positive step towards the future of health care and the way it
is implemented daily. It has strongly become widely accepted in most institutions and slowly
traditional paper charts will be no more and become obsolete. As this shift continues to happen
attention to security must not be left behind. Security will play a major role in the advancement of
EHR's. As stated by McCormick and Saba (2011) following the International Council Code of
Ethics for Nurses that states nurses "hold in confidence personal information" and "ensures that the
use of technology

Six Sigma
Int. J. Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2011
19
Implementation of Six Sigma in Indian industries – a Delphi study R.K. Padhy and S. Sahu*
Department of Industrial Engg. & Mgmt., Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur–721302, India
E–mail: rkpadhy@iem.iitkgp.ernet.in E–mail: sahus@mech.iitkgp.ernet.in *Corresponding author
R.K. Das
Department of Mechanical Engg., College of Engg. & Technology, Bhubaneswar–751003, India E–
mail: ranjitdas@gmail.com
Abstract: A Delphi study was carried out to review and analyse the critical issues that affect Six
Sigma initiatives in Indian context. This research is aimed at assisting Six Sigma management
professionals, researchers and organisations to gain a better ... Show more content on
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Literature regarding the theory and implementation of Six Sigma has been reported by researchers
from many developed countries. Similar kind of studies in other parts of the world needs to be
carried out to understand various issues affecting Six Sigma implementation. Moreover, the report
on implementation of Six Sigma and its benefits in a developing country like India are rather scanty.
The purpose of this research is to assist Six Sigma management professionals and researchers in
gaining a better understanding of the critical factors that affect the successful implementation of Six
Sigma in Indian context. Considering both our research objective and the exploratory nature of the
study, decision was taken to use the Delphi approach, which seemed to be appropriate. A multi–
round Delphi study was designed to reach a consensus on various issues that affect the
implementation of Six Sigma. The outcome of the research will help to formulate strategies for
effective implementation of Six Sigma in Indian context. The broad objectives of the study are: to
find out the key drivers for the implementation of Six Sigma in the Indian organisations to
determine the key factors for successful implementation of Six Sigma initiatives to identify
problems faced by Indian industries in implementing Six Sigma and its solutions
Implementation of Six Sigma in Indian industries to find out the future challenges of Six

Effects of Computerised Accounting to Performance of...
Table of Contents DEDICATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF
ABBREVIATIONS vi ABSTRACT viii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Background of the
study 1 1.2. Research focus 2 1.3. Overall Research Aim and Individual Research Objectives 2
1.3.1. Overall research aim 2 1.3.2. Individual research Objectives 3 1.4. Research questions 3 1.5.
Justification of study 3 1.6. COMPANY BACKGROUND 4 1.6.1. History of Rwanda Development
Bank (BRD) 4 1.6.2. Vision, Mission and values 8 1.6.3. Objectives and strategy 9 1.6.4. Company
structure 10 Chapter 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 12 2.1. DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS 12
2.2. OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATION OF ACCOUNTING 17 2.2.1. Objectives of Accounting: 17
2.2.2. Limitations of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Questionnaires, interviews, observation are the methods used to collect information qualified as
primary data and literature searches and mail surveys were been used to gather of

Animals: Companions, Not Research Tools Essay
Animals are used for companionship and entertainment. They are also used as tools for medical
research. There is an ongoing debate about whether animals have rights and moral status. Wilson
(2010) asks, "What place should non–human animals have in an acceptable moral system?" (para. 1)
There is also debate in the medical community about the effectiveness of using animal models in
place of humans. According to C. Ray Greek & Jean Swingle Greek (2000), "... animals are not
isomorphic with humans." Isomorphic is the scientific name for the "one–to–one correspondence
between all elements in two or more living systems." (page 89) There are other methods of research
available. If animals and humans differ on a cellular level, why are ... Show more content on
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Aristotle believed that...there is a natural hierarchy of living beings. The different levels are
determined by the abilities present in the beings due to their natures. (Animals and Ethics) However,
those who subscribe to the philosophy of moral equality would argue that if we judge animals based
on ability then we would have to judge humans on different levels as well. Would it be okay to treat
an infant the same as a nonhuman animal because its abilities were at the same level? It is hard to
deny animals moral status if you look at it from the moral equality standpoint. Is research on
animals justified? Both Aristotle and Erasistratus used animals for research. "Galen, a physician in
2nd–century Rome, dissected pigs and goats and is known as the 'father of vivisection'." (lpag–
biomed for the layperson) In the mid 1900's Louis Pasteur discovered that microorganisms where
responsible for diseases like chicken cholera and anthrax. He tested his hypothesis on animals and
his research helped discover the need for immunizations against infectious diseases. (Botting &
Morrison, 2002, p.79) The National Institute of Health states that medical research benefits both
animals and humans. Research on viruses helped create the Dog parvovirus vaccine. Research
dealing with reproduction lead to breeding programs for endangered species. HIV/AIDS research
aided the creation of the Cat leukemia vaccine. Animals played an important role in the

Project Managemant
12Initiating
After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Understand the importance of initiating projects that add value to an organization 2. Discuss the
background of ResNet at Northwest Airlines
3. Distinguish among the three major projects involved in ResNet
4. Appreciate the importance of top management support on ResNet
5. Discuss key decisions made early in the project by the project manager
6. Relate some of the early events in ResNet to concepts described in previous chapters
7. Discuss some of the major events early in the project that helped set the stage for project success
ay Beauchine became Vice President of Reservations at Northwest
Airlines (NWA) in 1992. One area that had continually lost money for ... Show more content on
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362 _ C H A P T E R 1 2
Table 12–1 lists the knowledge areas, processes, and outputs that are typically part of project
initiation. Tasks often involved in the project initiation process include the completion of a
stakeholder analysis and preparation of a feasibility study and an initial requirements document. The
outputs or outcomes of project initiation generally include a project charter of some sort, selection of
a project manager, and documentation of key project constraints and assumptions. This chapter
provides background information on Northwest Airlines and ResNet and then describes the initiation
tasks involved in this large information technology project. You will find in this chapter, and the
following process group chapters, that real projects often do not follow all of the guidelines found in
this or other texts. For example, the initiating project management process group generally only
includes the process of initiation, part of project scope management, and the outputs listed in Table
12–1. The first ResNet project, the ResNet Beta or
Prototype project, included some but not all of these outputs plus several others as part of initiating
and preproject planning. Many projects include groundwork that is done before they are considered
to be official projects.
Every project is unique, as is every organization, every project manager, and every project team.
These variations are part of what makes

The Three Of Joe Well's Ten Commandments For Effective...
1. Provide three of Joe Well's Ten Commandments for effective interviewing.
Planning ahead does not always work in certain areas but when it comes to interviewing you do not
want to go into the interview and not know what questions to ask. Patience is one thing you have to
have when giving an interview because if you get irritated because they are not answering the
questions right or not quickly enough, the interviewee will not want to cooperate anymore. To cover
all of your bases and have a written statement, the interviewee might say I did not say that.
2. Why are introductory questions so important to an interview's success?
When you interview someone, you want to make sure they are at ease and they might be more
cooperating than if you go straight into the questions you need answered to find the suspect. The
first thing you do is to introduce yourself and ask questions about their family and their interest so
when you go to ask the important, they will provide you with the answers you need.
3. Why shouldn't an interviewer use closed or leading questions during the information–gathering
phase of the interview?
Open questions are question starts the interview and the leading and closed questions are asked near
or at the end. Leading questions are used to gain more information and closed questions are usually
used to make sure all information gathered is correct. Closed questions are usually yes or no
answers so the interviewer could not gain anything else that is

Auo 1 Study Guide Essay
Ashley Richardson 11/15/2013 Western Governors University AUO1 – Auditing and Information
Systems Additional Study Questions/ Study Guide 1. Accounting Information Systems Competency
302.1.1: Nature and Purpose The student understands the nature and purpose of information
systems. * What is the difference between transaction processing systems, management information
systems, and decision support systems? 2. Transaction processing systems – document financial
activities 3. Management information systems – used to collect qualitative as well as quantitative
information for decision making within organizations 4. Decision support systems – help the
developers of an AIS identify what information they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. Process maps also describe the flow of information through an organization, use only a few
symbols, and (to many) are among the easiest to draw and understand. 5. Two additional
documentation tools are program flowcharts and decision tables. Accountants do not need to be
programmers to evaluate or design an accounting information system, but they should understand in
general terms how these tools work. 6. A variety of software tools exist for documenting AISs.
These include standard personal productivity tools such as word processing and spreadsheet
software, specialized CASE tools, and software packages designed to help companies comply with
SOX and AS5. * What are effective coding systems used in AIS? * Accounting information systems
depend on codes to record, classify, store, and retrieve financial data. Although it is possible in a
manual system to use simple alphabetic descriptions when preparing journal entries, computerized
systems use numeric codes (codes that use numbers only) or alphanumeric codes (codes that use
numbers and letters) to record accounting transactions systematically. For example, a manual journal
entry might include a debit to the "Direct Materials Inventory" account. In a computerized system,
the debit might be to account "12345." * Alphanumeric codes are important in computerized
systems, as they help to ensure uniformity and consistency. * AISs typically use several

Operations Processes And The Operations Process
Operations processes refers to the acquisition of inputs which are transformed in a business through
the addition of value into outputs of goods and services. Businesses use operational processes
involving inputs and transformation processes to increase efficiency and output. The operations
management focuses on carefully and managing processes to produce and distribute products and
services based on the nature of the business. To achieve objectives in a business, the quality of
products are monitored regularly using customer services and warranties. Both Qantas and
McDonalds, utilise operation process in order to gain maximum efficiency and productivity.
Operation processes involves inputs which act as the core of businesses providing greater utility to
customers through the addition of value. Businesses use a combination of transformed resources
such as materials, customers and information. Materials are the basic elements used in the
production process and are sourced from the supply chain which are divided into raw and
intermediate materials. In Australia, McDonalds uses locally sourced materials such as beef from
Australian farmers to produce over 400 million hamburgers. Large businesses such as McDonald's
requires efficiency in production, hence, a specialist material manager is recruited to control the
flow of resources from the initial purchasing stage to final distribution. Customers become
transformed resources when their desires and preferences shape inputs

Ais Final Cheat Sheet
The Control Matrix A tool designed to assist in analyzing the effectiveness of controls, PCAOB
Auditing Standard Number 5 – "Effectiveness of Control Design" Establishes the criteria to be used
in evaluating the controls in a particular business process Steps in Preparing a Control Matrix STEP
I: Specify control goals 1. Identify the Operations Process Control Goals –Effectiveness goals –
Efficiency goals –Security goals 2. Identify Information Process Control Goals –Input Goals –
Update Goals Operations Process Goals: For cash receipts process, two examples are: A:Timely
deposit of checks B:Comply with compensating balance agreements with the depository bank –
Other possible goals of a cash receipts would be shown as goals C, D, etc. and ... Show more
Sales order processing 3. Picking and packing the goods 4. Shipping Process Definition and
Functions To create information flows supporting: Repetitive work routines of the sales order
department, the credit department, and the shipping department –Decision needs of those who
manage various sales and marketing functions Horizontal Perspective Management Questions Using
Data Mining to Support Marketing Data warehousing Data mining Global E–business E–business
systems are divided into two categories: Buy Side –Systems use the Internet to automate and
manage corporate vendors and purchases E.g. Electronic data interchange (EDI), Supply chain
management (SCM) Sell Side –Systems are designed to allow a company to market, sell, deliver,
and service goods and services to customers throughout the world via the Internet CRM Systems
Cultivate customer relationships by prospecting, acquiring, servicing, and retaining customers
Customer self–service systems Context Diagram Diagram 1: Validate Sales Order 1.1 – Verify
inventory availability Diagram 1: Validate Sales Order 1.2 – Check credit Diagram 1: Validate Sales
Order 1.3 – Complete sales order Diagram 1: Validate Sales Order External Data Flow of Process
1.3: A picking ticket authorizes the warehouse to "pick" the goods from the shelf and send them to
shipping –A customer acknowledgment notifies the customer of the order's acceptance and the
expected shipment date –A sales order notification is sent to the billing

ISC CISSP Practice Test
ISC CISSP
ISC CISSP Certified Information Systems Security Professional
Practice Test
Version
ISC CISSP: Practice Exam QUESTION NO: 1 All of the following are basic components of a
security policy EXCEPT the A. definition of the issue and statement of relevant terms. B. statement
of roles and responsibilities C. statement of applicability and compliance requirements. D. statement
of performance of characteristics and requirements. Answer: D Explanation: Policies are considered
the first and highest level of documentation, from which the lower level elements of standards,
procedures, and guidelines flow. This order , however, does not mean that policies are more
important than the lower elements. These higher–level policies, ... Show more content on
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So that external bodies will recognize the organizations commitment to security. D. So that they can
be held legally accountable. Answer: A Explanation: This really does not a reference as it should be
known. Upper management is legally accountable (up to 290 million fine). External organizations
answer is not really to pertinent (however it stated that other organizations will respect a BCP and
disaster recover plan). Employees need to be bound to the policy regardless of who signs it but it
gives validity. Ownership is the correct answer in this statement. However, here is a reference.
"Fundamentally important to any security program 's success us the senior management 's high–
level statement of commitment to the information security policy process and a senior management
's understanding of how important security controls and protections are to the enterprise 's
continuity. Senior management must be "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." – www..com 4
Ac
tua
lTe
sts
Explanation: Information security policies are high–level plans that describe the goals of the

procedures or controls. Policies describe security in general, not specifics. They provide the
blueprint fro an overall security program just as a specification defines your next product. – Roberta
Bragg CISSP Certification Training Guide (que) pg 587
.co
m
ISC CISSP: Practice Exam aware of the importance of security implementation to preserve the
organization 's viability (and for their own 'due care

System Development Life Cycle
Systems Development life Cycle (SDLC) ➢ The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain,
and replace information systems. ➢ The evolution of process that is followed in implementing a
computer–based information system subsystem. ➢ Also known as Systems life cycles, Systems
Development Methodology, Project Life Cycle, and Methodology. Participants: ➢ Their
participation depends on the strategic value of the project. ➢ Systems Analyst. ➢ Database
Administrator. ➢ Network Specialist. ➢ Programmer ➢ Operations Personnel ➢ Executives ➢
MIS/IS Steering Committee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
st ➢ Debugging tends to the extremely difficult during the final stages of system testing usually
rises exponentially at the final stages of testing Phases progress sequentially Relies on outdated
techniques SEMI–STRUCTURED PROJECT LIFE CYCLE Features: Uses top–down
implementation Uses structured design STRUCTURED PROJECT LIFE CYCLE Terminators:
Users Managers Operations Personnel Activities: Survey ➢ Identification of users & development
of initial system scope ➢ Identification of current deficiencies in the user's environment ➢
Establishment of goals / objectives for a new system ➢ Determination of feasibility to automate ➢
Preparation of project charter Analysis ➢ Transformation of user policy & project charter into a
structured specification ➢ Development of system models (environmental, behavioral, essential) ➢
Preparation of budgets & cost–benefit calculations Design ➢ Allocation of essential model to
appropriate processors & task ➢ Transformation of ER data models into a database design ➢

Essay about System Integrity and Validation
Running head: System Integrity and Validation
System Integrity and Validation
Aaron Stewart
University of Phoenix
Accounting Information Systems
ACC/542
MBAY0ZDVQ0
Yasin Dadabhoy
September 19, 2011
Preface Kudler Finer Foods has a very strong accounting information system in place but there is
room for improvement. Kudler's has taken the steps in the correct direction by implementing an
industry specific system. Computer technology only makes auditing Kudler Finer Foods easier and
more accurate. Computer assisted auditing tools and techniques CAATs is highly recommend for
Kudler finer Foods. The ability to share information with clients and auditor's ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In the past, before computers aided in the organization of business documents, audits were
conducted on paper. Audits are performed using Computer Assisted Audit Tools and Techniques
(CAATTs) or Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs). Computer assisted audit tools and
techniques (CAATTs) is defined as the software used to enhance the auditor's productivity and used
to extract data and analysis. The second T in CAATTs refers to the techniques used to enhance the
effectiveness and efficiency of the audit. The other form of computer assisted audit tools and
techniques is CAAT, which has one t. Because this computer assisted audit has one t, the single t
represents techniques. CAATs by definition, has the same meaning as CAATTs with the exception of
enhanced auditor's productivity and extracting data and analysis (Hunton, Bryant, & Bagranoff,
2004, p. 178). Using CAATs for information technology audits consists of the auditor's following
10– steps. Each of the steps will cover a wide area of objectives, processes, and identify different
task that need to be performed. The 10– steps to using CAATs will be cover in the PowerPoint
presentation. Validating data will be accomplished by running a series of test data to ensure the
system is updating and running properly. The test data is made up by the auditor to establish that the
results received are the results the auditor is looking for. This particular type of test will be

Sdlc
2 System Development Life Cycle Methodology Learning Objectives : To introduce the general
concepts of various approaches of systems development, their framework, advantages and
disadvantages; To explain in detail the phases involved in Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC);
To understand the key issues while acquiring or developing system for achieving goals set; To
discuss in detail various System Development Tools like – DFD, Decision Tree, Flowcharts etc.; and
To understand the auditors' role in SDLC. 2.1 Introduction Information systems serve many different
purposes, ranging from the processing of business transactions – to provide information needed to
decide recurring issues, assisting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Developers and users of information systems watch senior management to determine which systems
development projects are important and act accordingly by shifting their efforts away from any
project which is not receiving management attention. In addition, management can see that adequate
resources, as well as budgetary control over use of those resources, are dedicated to the project.
Shifting user needs. User requirements for information technology are constantly changing. As these
changes accelerate, there will be more requests for systems development and more development
projects. When these changes occur during a development process, the development team faces the
challenge of developing systems whose very purposes might change since the development process
began. Development of strategic systems. Because strategic decision making is unstructured, the
requirements, specifications, and objectives for such development projects are difficult to define.
New technologies. When an organization tries to create a competitive advantage by applying
advance Information technology, it generally finds that attaining system development objectives is
more difficult because personnel are not as familiar with the technology. © The Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India System Development Life Cycle Methodology 2.3 Lack of
standard project management and systems development methodologies. Some organizations do not
formalize

Information Technology Management
Chapter 1 1. How are information systems transforming business and what is their relationship to
globalization?
E–mail, online conferencing, and cell phones have become essential tools for conducting business.
Information systems are the foundation of fast–paced supply chains. The Internet allows many
businesses to buy, sell, advertise, and solicit customer feedback online. Organizations are trying to
become more competitive and efficient by digitally enabling their core business processes and
evolving into digital firms. The Internet has stimulated globalization by dramatically reducing the
costs of producing, buying, and selling goods on a global scale. New information system trends
include the emerging mobile digital platform, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The disciplines contributing to the behavioral approach focusing on the design, implementation,
management, and business impact of systems are psychology, sociology, and economics. A
sociotechnical view of systems considers both technical and social features of systems and solutions
that represent the best fit between them.
Chapter 2 1. What are business processes? How are they related to information systems?
A business process is a logically related set of activities that defines how specific business tasks are
performed, and it represents a unique way in which an organization coordinates work, information,
and knowledge. Managers need to pay attention to business processes because they determine how
well the organization can execute its business, and they may be a source of strategic advantage.
There are business processes specific to each of the major business functions, but many business
processes are cross–functional. Information systems automate parts of business processes, and they
can help organizations redesign and streamline these processes. 2. How do systems serve the
different management groups in a business?
Systems serving operational management are transaction processing systems (TPS), such as payroll
or order processing, that track the flow of the daily routine

Summary of Text Book: Essentials of Management Information...
Course Related
Virtual Expert
Jack Brown (Business Analyst)
JSB Inc.
Car Accessory Dealership
James S. Black (Company founder)
An entrepreneur with a love for cars.
Abigail Foley (Senior vice president of Business Development)
Reported an increase in customers cancelling their accounts.
Mark Thompson (Business Development Manager)
Prepared proposal for implementing an information system.
Major Business Functions (In JSB)
Manufacturing
Assembling the product, checking for quality, producing bills of materials
Sales and Marketing
Identifying customers, making customers aware of product, and selling the product
Human Resources
Hiring employees, evaluating job performance, enrolling employees in benefits.
Finance and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
20–23)
SEE ALSO PAGE 381–387
This may require a system development team (pg. 384)
1. Problem Identification
System analysis refers to the first three steps in the problem solving method. (pg. 382)
Dimensions of Business Problems
Organizations
(E.g. Poor business processes, unsupportive culture, political in–fighting, changed in the
organization's surrounding environment, complexity of tasks, inadequate resources.)
Technology
(E.g. Insufficient or aging hardware, outdated software, inadequate database capacity, insufficient
telecommunications capacity, the incompatibility of old systems with new technology, and rapid
technological change.)
(Example: Power grids were unable to monitor and control power consumption until Smart Grids

came along. Pg. 35)
(E.g. Tato used Digital Manufacturing (DM) (Specifically DELMIA) to produce new car (Tato)
more quickly and at lower cost. The system is also flexible allowing other cars to be designed,
evaluated and produced. pg. 39)
People
(E.g. Lack of employee training, difficulties of evaluating performance, legal and regulatory
compliance, work environment/ergonomics, poor or indecisive management, interrelationships
between people and groups, and lack of employee support and participation.
Examples
Manually inputting data into spreadsheets, manually tracking sales (experiencing loss and theft),
manually tracking inventory (or not tracking it).
2. Solution Design
3. Solution Evaluation

Health Care At The Healthcare Industry
Health care informatics delivers a promising future for the health care industry. Big data analytics,
computer aided decision support, and systems integration will provide health care organizations with
new tactics to treat patients while controlling cost. "Widespread use of health IT within the health
care industry will improve the quality of health care, prevent medical errors, reduce health care
costs, increase administrative efficiencies, decrease paperwork, and expand access to affordable
health care" (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2014). While health care informatics is
at the forefront of medicine, the resources necessary to supply and manage qualified staff must not
be overlooked. Patient care requires able–bodied ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In efforts to support the internal client, Lifetime Care's Human Resources focuses on innovative
initiatives that are unique to home care. The Society of Human Resource Management defines the
function of human resources as "dealing with the management of people employed within the
organization" (Society of Human Resource Management, 2014). At Lifetime Care, the Human
Resources Department performs much like a business partner to the Agency and contributes to the
bottom line. The Human Resources Department consists of talent acquisition, employee health,
compensation and benefits, a manager, and a director. While the primary functions of human
resources have not changed, and undertaking has begun. HR has new ways to maintain employee
files and communicate are. Human Resources The human resources information systems (HRIS)
have evolved much like the electronic medical record movement. "It has the capability to maintain
employment records of all staff members, and employers can use it to collect metrics surrounding
the firm's staffing, performance management, compensation and benefits activities" (Henderson,
2014). Much like an electronic medical record, employee demographics are similarly entered and
retained. Wage information, employee licensure, and trainings could be stored similar to lab results
and employee health records could be viewed as exams. Human resources information systems and

Project Plan Outline Essay example
Project Management Plan Template This document is an annotated outline for a Project
Management Plan, adapted from the PMI Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) and
IEEE Standard for Project Management Plans. The Project Management Plan is considered to be a
"Best Practice" template by the ETS Enterprise Program Management Office (EPMO). The template
is designed to address items for all sizes of projects. For small projects, it may be appropriate to
omit sections. For unique projects, you may need to add sections. Tailor as appropriate. Where you
decide to omit a section, you might keep the header, but insert a comment saying why you omitted
the element. A suggested method is to leave the header and place the comment "Not ... Show more
Executive Summary 5 1.1 Project Overview 5 1.2 Scope 5 1.3 Out Of Scope 5 1.4 Project
Deliverables 5 1.5 Project Management Plan Updates 7 1.6 Definitions and Acronyms 7 2. Project
Organization 8 2.1 Organizational Structure 8 2.2 Organizational Boundaries and Interfaces 8 2.3
Roles & Responsibilities 8 3. Management Process 9 3.1 Assumptions, Dependencies, and
Constraints 9 3.2 Risk Management 9 3.3 Monitoring and Control Mechanisms 9 3.4 Staffing Plan
10 3.5 Communication Plan 10 3.6 Escalation Procedures 10 4. Technical Process 10 4.1 Methods,
Tools, and Techniques 10 4.2 Architecture Plan 11 4.3 Software Documentation 11 4.4 Hardware
Documentation 11 4.5 Security 11 4.6 Project Support

Cima E3
E3 – Enterprise Strategy 1. STRATEGIC FORMULATION 1.1 What is Strategy Strategy – Long
term plan of how to achieve an orgs objectives and resources needed. 3 ways to achieve these goals
Design (how) pre–determined detailed focused plan Ideas (where ideas come from) seizing
opportunities as and when, new ideas exploited Experience (Flexibility) plan changes and adapts
based on experience of market, what works and what doesn't. 1.2 Positioning Approaches to
achieving the goal – (focus on how org can achieve a fit with its environment) Rational Planning
(The 'Lens' of Design) – detailed advance planning analysis and strategy formulation Strategic
Planning Gap is the gap between where we are today and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Can act as a trigger to change strategy Assess the likely impact that a strategy will have on different
stakeholder groups Aims to assess Whether stakeholder resistance is likely to inhibit success of the
strategy What policies or actions may ease the acceptance of the strategy 2.5 Corporate Political
Activity – Government will be "Kept Satisfied" for most businesses. Larger org's may employ
specialists to manage political relationships. Activities may include: Lobbying – dialogue with
decision makers to help shape views Election Funding – financial donations Petitions – raising
political and public awareness Coalition Building – joining forces with competitions to increase
collective influence on decision makers 2.6 Ethics in Business – rules and principles of behaviour.
Org's approach stems back to its mission. 2.7 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – approach
taken to provide

Implementing A Comprehensive Audit Plan Essay
Abstract
This paper will discuss the hot topics in emerging issues that was discussed in previous assignments.
Several companies can benefit from finding ways to implement a comprehensive audit plan to
reduce the likelihood of fraud occurring. Ideas associated with the SDLC and how to create phases
that will fall in line with this execution are also detailed in this assignment. The SDLC assists in
reducing fraud and cannot be applied lightly; this plan makes the process of fraud prevention and
detection easier to succumb. Updating policies and procedures is an ongoing process that cannot go
unkempt.
Establishing a Comprehensive Audit Plan
The acronym SDLC is explained as a software development lifecycle. The phases of the SDLC
include analysis and definition phases, where the purpose should be determined, the goals that need
to be accomplished, and a set of definite requirements. Establishing a comprehensive audit plan is
integral in fulfilling the successful and quality financials for a business. This should be done at the
inception of creating the company as well as routinely checked on a consistent basis. This used in
accordance with the Sarbanes–Oxley Act will guarantee that the company has a sure way to mitigate
the fraud opportunity that may occur during the time of day–to–day operations (Strayer University
2013).
A fraud detection plan will provide the blueprint for a healthy environment in the aspect of
protecting the company and its assets. The plan will give a

System Development Life Cycle
Systems Development life Cycle (SDLC) ➢ The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain,
and replace information systems. ➢ The evolution of process that is followed in implementing a
computer–based information system subsystem. ➢ Also known as Systems life cycles, Systems
Development Methodology, Project Life Cycle, and Methodology. Participants: ➢ Their
participation depends on the strategic value of the project. ➢ Systems Analyst. ➢ Database
Administrator. ➢ Network Specialist. ➢ Programmer ➢ Operations Personnel ➢ Executives ➢
MIS/IS Steering ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
➢ Organize the project team –Who does what? –Define the information needs : What kind of
information will be needed? : What tools should be used to get the information effectively? –Define
the system performance criteria. –Prepare the design proposal. Activities: ➢ Identify and describe
complete problem specification. ➢ Studies and documents the current system – in terms of its
problems, requirements and processes. ➢ Prepares a list of requirements for the new system. ➢
Diagrams the functions of the existing system necessary for the development of the new system.
DESIGN PHASE: The determination of the processes and data that are required by a new system.
Steps: ➢ Prepare the detailed systems design ➢ Identify alternative system configurations ➢
Evaluate alternative system configurations ➢ Select the best configuration ➢ Prepare the
implementation proposal ➢ Approve or reject the proposal IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: The
acquisition

Report of Software Maintence
INTRODUCTION Software Engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all
aspect of software production. It also concerned with all aspects of computer–based systems
development including hardware, software, and process engineering. SOFTWARE
MAINTENANCE Software development efforts result in the delivery of a software product that
satisfies user requirements. Accordingly, the software product must change or evolve. Once in
operation, defects are uncovered, operating environments change, and new user requirements
surface. The maintenance phase of the life cycle begins following a warranty period or post
implementation support delivery, but maintenance activities occur much earlier. Software
maintenance is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Five key characteristics comprise the maintainer's activities: Maintaining control over the software's
day to–day functions Maintaining control over software modification Perfecting existing functions
Identifying security threats and fixing security vulnerabilities Preventing software performance from
degrading to unacceptable levels Majority of Maintenance Costs Maintenance consumes a major
share of the financial resources in a software life cycle. A common perception of software
maintenance is that it merely fixes faults. However, studies and surveys over the years have
indicated that the majority, over 80 percent, of software maintenance is used for non–corrective
actions Grouping enhancements and corrections togetherin management reports contributes to some
misconceptions regarding the high cost of corrections. Understanding the categories of software
maintenance helps to understand the structure of software maintenance costs. Also, understanding
the factors that influence the maintainability of software can help to contain costs. Some
environmental factors and their relationship to software Maintenance costs include the following:
Operating environment refers to hardware and software. Organizational environment refers to
policies, competition, process, product, and personnel. Evolution of

Asset Management
CHAPTER ONE THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
1.0 INTRODUCTION Asset management is a concept that companies use to ascertain the value of
their assets. It provides a quick measure of the worthiness of the organization and so becomes easier
for organizations to prepare their final accounts as they are able to quickly estimate the value of their
assets. Well managed organizations are required to perform regular fixed asset audits. Tracking and
managing corporate assets and equipment is a challenge to most organizations especially when there
is a large volume of assets or when those assets move frequently between departments or multiple
branches. However in today‟s regulatory environment, it has become more important than ever for
companies to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
c. What were the difficulties experienced in using the manual system?
3
d. Did the users have enough skills to operate the system? e. Where and how would the asset
register be kept and updated? 1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY. The proposed study was
recommended as it was of paramount importance to organizations which had accepted and
undertook the information technology era into their businesses to have good and reliable ITAMS.
The previous excel spreadsheets which were used in recording assets were highly prone to errors
and presented a lot of paperwork, which required large storage space, and thus inappropriate and
inefficient for the organization to achieve optimum performance.
The researcher focused on managing IT assets only because past and existing manual systems had
too many loopholes which resulted in the organization losing valuable IT assets due to theft and or
abuse by employees. Unlike other tangible assets of the organization IT assets have a shorter life
span and often switch many hands within a short period of time hence difficult in most cases to trace
their whereabouts.
The proposed study would facilitate quick decision making and also reduce the amount of time
taken in locating computer hardware and software. Under the manual system it took a lot of time in
trying to locate and monitor IT assets in the organization. The study was also meant to reduce
operation costs in the IT department as the organization would now

Tracer Study
TRACER STUDY OF TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATES
BY
PREVANAND RAMRATHAN
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF EDUCATION (TEACHER EDUCATION)
In the Faculty of Education University of Durban–Westville
Durban, South Africa, 1997
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this dissertation is my own previously for any degree in any University.
wor~
and has not been submitted
~~ PRAMRATHAN
,
.
CONTENTS PAGE
TITLE PAGE ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DECLARATION CONTENTS LIST OF
TABLES APPENDICES BIBLIOGRAPHY
I
n

IV V VI VIII IX
69
CHAPTER 1 : OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY – WHERE DO TEACHER EDUCATION
GRADUATES GO? PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 6
6
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9
INTRODUCTION PURPOSE AND ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A seminal study recently commissioned by a government Committee of Teacher Education Policy
(COTEP), the so–called National Teacher Education Audit (henceforth referred to as the Audit),
reported that there is an over–supply of teachers in some school subjects (e.g. Biblical Studies) and
an under–supply in other subjects (e.g. Science and Mathematics). These findings seem to
corroborate widespread news reports that new teachers are not finding employment. The apparent
contradiction between supply and demand alluded to above raIses important questions regarding the
employment of teachers. Is there, in fact, an oversupply of teachers? Do teacher education graduates
find employment in teaching? Do Science and Mathematics teacher education graduates, in fact, fill
positions in these assumed critical areas? To address these and related questions, a study was
designed to track a cohort of new teachers with the goal of ascertaining their employment status in
the years immediately following their graduation. ,The study used a longitudinal tracer study design
to trace the 1995 cohort of teacher graduates of the Faculty of Education, University of Durban–
Westville. Data were collected at three different periods: at graduation (July 1996), at the end of the
school year (December 1996), and at the beginning of the new school year (January 1997). Survey
questionnaires were used for the collection of data from students, while

Principles of Investigation
1.0 Introduction of Investigation Investigation can be defined quite simply as a systematic fact
finding and reporting process. It is derived from the Latin word vestigere, to "track or trace," and
encompasses a patient, step–by step inquiry. Investigation is finding facts; it is akin to research
conducted in the academic arena. Investigation is a multi–disciplined field of study. It encompasses
law, the sciences, communications, and a host of other things. Investigation requires an inquisitive
mind coupled with an attention to detail. Astute students of investigation may find themselves
particularly well suited for the research needed for graduate study. Investigation is a key process
used by management. Whether or not one is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thereafter, the work plan can be developed to address preservation and, ultimately, collection. 2.3.2
Witnesses
Witness testimony is particularly important evidence to collect and critical to any investigation.
Because of the importance and special nature of witness testimony, careful planning is necessary.
Witness recollection fades quickly and can be influenced by external factors such as media reports,
sympathy and even office gossip. The investigation work plan must, therefore, include a detailed
interview schedule which addresses issues of * Witness availability * Order of testimony * Special
needs (interpreter, guardian) * Re–interviews
These elements are inter–related and changes can affect the entire investigation work plan.
Accordingly, the work plan should be monitored and adjusted to compensate for scheduling and
other factors related to witnesses. Witness testimony also concerns more general planning issues,
such as investigation support and travel/logistics. Further, these elements must also be taken into
consideration when planning the interview schedule where individuals are identified as implicated
personnel at the predication phase. 2.3.3 Records
Records are documentary evidence, regardless of physical form, created or received by a staff
member in connection with, or as a result of, the official work of the United Nations, and remain the
property of the United

The Pros and Cons of Using E-Tendering in Singapore...
THE PROS AND CONS OF USING E–TENDERING IN SINGAPORE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY First names YAP Last name YEE THARM Abstract: E–tendering is a relatively new
and modern technique of tending system. The transaction can be done from business–to–business,
business–to–consumer or Business–to–government buy and sale of goods, works and services
through the Internet or other networking systems. This paper examines the pros and cons of using
E–tendering in the Singapore Construction Industry and the future trend of E–tendering in
Singapore. Although E– tendering has been used by the various Singapore Government departments
for many years on their procurement of materials and services for local and global with great
success, however the private ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.0 E–Tendering in the Singapore Construction Industry E– Tendering in Singapore Private
construction: The government department of Singapore has been using E–tendering for more than
10 years, the Singapore Economy Development has also been giving incentive to encourage
developers and contractors who are keen in using IT for their business. However up to today the
private construction sector in Singapore is still limited in usage of E–tendering. Many Developers
and Contractors in Singapore are still finding it more comfortable to use traditional tendering
system. E– Tendering in Singapore Government: The e–tendering used by the government of
Singapore is called GeBiz, which come from the word Government Bidding. The GeBIZ, or the
Government E tendering, was set up in June 2000. The main objective of this system is to simplify
government procurement and tender activities. It was part of the programme for businesses under
the e–Government Action Plan (2000–2003) in Singapore. GeBIZ is a one–stop centre for suppliers
to have access to all procurement opportunities in the public sector and to trade electronically with
the government departments. The Singapore government E–tender website address is at
http://www.gebiz.gov.sg/. Now 100% of the Singapore government Tenders or Quotations are using
GeBIZ as a platform for procurement for good and services. As of today, Infocomm Technology
(ICT) has become a major part of

System Audit
BIT 2318 Information System Audit Outline:
1) Introduction to IT audit, purpose Types of IT audits, history of IT audit, major events that have
prompted the use of and been solved using IT audit techniques. IT Audit process outline; process
and phases. Planning the audit, materiality, risk assessment. 2) Effective information system audit.
Evaluation of controls, types and tests of controls. Audit sampling, sampling methods, sample
evaluation. 3) Audit automation and system testing: Computer assisted audit techniques. Traditional
vs modern audit tools, Specialized audit software benefits and functions. Applications of CAATs. 4)
Production of audit programmes. Evidence, Issuing reports, types of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Technologies are characterized as being either "base", "key", "pacing", or "emerging".
Others describe the spectrum of IT audits with five categories of audits: Systems and Applications:
An audit used to verify that systems and applications are appropriate, are efficient, and are
adequately controlled to ensure valid, reliable, timely, and secure input, processing, and output at all
levels of a system 's activity. Information Processing Facilities: An audit used to verify that the
processing facility is controlled to ensure timely, accurate, and efficient processing of applications
under normal and potentially disruptive conditions. Systems Development: An audit used to verify
that the systems under development meet the objectives of the organization, and to ensure that the
systems are developed in accordance with generally accepted standards for systems development.
Management of IT and Enterprise Architecture: An audit used to verify that IT management has
developed an organizational structure and procedures to ensure a controlled and efficient
environment for information processing. Client/Server, Telecommunications, Intranets, and
Extranets: An audit to verify that controls are in place on the client (computer receiving services),
server, and on the network connecting the clients and servers.
And some lump all IT audits

Critical Issues in Managing Information Systems in...
Instant Messaging Systems
Instant Messaging is a widely available communication medium and due to popularity and
productivity increase its use has become popular in the workplace. Although this is a major benefit
through increased collaborative working there are many issues and problems that have to be
addressed in order to realise the ‘creative and positive effects'.
The use of Instant Messaging (IM) systems in the workplace has brought with it new legal and
security issues that need to be considered. Industry analysts estimate that unauthorised IM use in the
workplace is between 75% and 90%. This indicates that nearly everyone using IM in any given
organisation is doing so without the manager's knowledge. This shows there are ... Show more
Introducing an IM system at British Airways will have a positive, creative effect, and its use should
be encouraged. The first thing to do though is to carry out a survey of the employees about their IM
use. The survey should be designed to answer the following questions:
§ Who is using an IM system at work?
§ What systems are employees using?
§ Where did employees get the software?
§ How often is IM being used?
§ Under what circumstances are employees using IM?
§ Who are they talking to?
§ What is the content of the conversations?
§ Are files being sent and received, if so what types of files?
The results of an employee survey like this will show the management how widespread the IM use
currently is. The results will help to produce rules and policies for IM use, as well as aiding the
development of training programs.
Security
IM's popularity has been aided by the fact that it is so accessible. The majority of workplace PC's
now have Internet access. IM software can easily be found using Internet Explorer. The software is
free, easy to install and easy to use. Allowing employees to use an IM system, and providing a
system for them will eliminate the risks of employees searching the Internet and downloading
software from potentially unsafe sources. Employees' computers could be configured so that
downloading this type of

Management Advisory Services Review
(632) 407–5937/(632) 415–0873 e–mail: support@reviewer–online.com website: www.reviewer–
online.com
THE CPA LICENSURE EXAMINATION SYLLABUS MANAGEMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
(Effective October 2006 Examination)
This subject tests the candidates' knowledge of, and proficiency in the concepts, standards,
techniques, and methodology applicable to management services / consultancy practice by CPAs;
management accounting; financial management–related services; capital budgeting concepts and
techniques; and project feasibility studies. Each examination will contain a minimum of 50 and a
maximum of 70 multiple choice questions, allocated to the different subject areas, as indicated
below.
1.0 Management Accounting–Related Services
1.1 Role, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Concept of margin of safety, operating leverage and profit planning b. Responsibility accounting,
transfer pricing, performance evaluation, and balanced scorecard 1. Goal congruence and motivation
2. Types of responsibility centers (revenue, cost, profit and investment); transfer pricing – rationale
and need; alternative transfer pricing schemes and multinational transfer pricing 3. Advanced
analysis and appraisal of performance: financial and nonfinancial performance measures 4.
Performance measurement in multinational companies; distinguishing performance of managers
from performance of organization units; executive performance measures and compensation;
environmental and ethical responsibilities 5. Nature of the balanced scorecard; perspectives of the
balanced scorecard; aligning the balanced scorecard to strategy; features of a good balanced
scorecard; pitfalls when implementing a balanced scorecard 6. Evaluation of the success of strategy;
strategic analysis of operating income c. Functional and activity–based budgeting 1. Definition of
budget 2. Difference between planning and control 3. Functions of budgeting 4. The purposes of the
budget 5. Advantages and limitations of budgets 6. Types of budgets 7. Budgeting terminologies
defined 8. The management process of preparing the master budget
9. The budget period 10. Budget cycle of a manufacturing firm 11. Steps in developing a master
budget 12. Comprehensive budget illustrated 13. Flexible budgeting 14.

Supply Chain Management And How They Affect The Success Of...
Executive Summary
Supply Chain Management has significantly evolved in recent time with the new technology that is
now available for organizations. With the creation of new systems and enhanced technologies,
organizations have been given the opportunity to improve their operations with new Supply Chain
Management systems by having access to the tools necessary to understand issues in their supply
chain and look for opportunities to become more efficient while minimizing costs and keeping their
customers happy. Supply Chain Management is a systematic and strategic function within an
organization that works cross functionally amongst the different departments from the creation of a
service or product to the end consumer. This report ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to O'Brien (2011), "supply chain management helps a company get the right products to
the right place at the right time, in the proper order quantity and at an acceptable cost." In recent
years, companies have begun to restructure their supply chains to incorporate more technology that
can be used not only by themselves, but also by their customers and suppliers. Technology is
necessary to enable the increase in collaboration allowing internal systems to provide more visibility
to different data views externally in a safe and efficient manner; therefore, allowing for greater
analysis and decision–support for supply chain managers (Carter, 2007).
Along with technology, information is crucial for the performance of a supply chain in order for
managers to make the best decisions to improve the performance of the supply chain (Hughes,
2008). A lack of collaboration amongst the different departments within a company – marketing,
inventory management, logistics, customer service, and production – is a major source of supply
chain management failure; therefore, information technology is a key component in achieving
collaboration and success within an organization (O'Brien, 2011). According to Hughes (2008),
"Information is a key element of the supply chain, playing the part of an aggregate that allows all
other elements of the supply chain to work together in order to create an integrated and coordinated
supply chain.

Review of It Strategy at World Bank
Review of IT Strategy at World Bank The World Bank is a multi–national organization that operates
in over 180 countries. Barriers such as connectivity, cultural differences, time zones, knowledge
levels, and resources available exist for World Bank because they have clients in so many different
locations around the world. World Bank has a hierarchal structure with a centralized headquarters in
Washington, D.C and several more independent branches. Due to the operations limited by
independent branches, client interactions were limited, communications needed improvement, and
important business meetings were limited by the difficulties and expenses of worldwide travel.
Mohamed Muhsin, World Bank's CIO had two key questions he wanted ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Outsourcing/off–shoring to increase technological and client support.
Threats:
Stakeholder resistance to change
Large capital required
Legal regulations
Past/Present Information Architecture World Bank's original architecture went through some
dramatic changes under the control of Muhsin and his team. They standardized and integrated the IT
infrastructure, which included computers, servers, over 65 systems, and 100 databases. The ISG
team established an around the clock global support center and a high–speed network capable of
supporting 50 videoconferences per day. A key step to accomplishing this was integrating the
capacity from the three satellites that serve the World Bank's global network. Additionally, the ISG
team built a robust knowledge management system that used web portals to fluidly convey

The Common Types Of Fraud And Abuse
In today's society more and more individuals are being the affected by fraud and abuse by healthcare
in both direct and indirect manners. Fraud is known and defined as a deceptions that is knowingly
caused, erroneous statements, and misinterpretation made by an individual with the intent to deceive
another person in order to benefit oneself of another individual. Abuse is known as practices that are
inconsistent with the standards of care given by professionals, the truth behind the term medical
necessity or sound medical practices. Intent is the major distinction between the terms fraud and
abuse. Both fraud and abuse can be committed by a variety of individuals including insurance
companies, physicians, and even patients.
The most common types of fraud and abuse seen in healthcare occur in billing for services that have
not been performed, or overbilling for services that have been provided, and most disturbingly,
misdiagnosing medical conditions to prevent incurring the financial responsibility for the proper
treatment of illnesses or diseases. A variety of individuals within our population can be affected
when fraud and/or abuse occurs.
Decreasing the amount of fraud and abuse that we see in society will not be easy but it is possible.
In order to do this the healthcare industry needs to consider a few key ideas. What actions need to be
taken to decrease the seemingly high costs of health insurance premiums and copayments? Who
ultimately pays the bill when

Accounting System and Financial Reporting of Ngos: Case...
Accounting System and Financial Reporting of NGOs: Case Study of a BRAC's Project
Munima Siddika1, Mohammad Sarwar Jahan Rekabder2 and A.K.M. Delwar Hossain3
tawheedfj@yahoo.com
Abstract: In the absence of specific accounting and financial reporting standards and diverse
interpretation of certain terms under the laws of the land, it has become a very difficult task to
follow a standardized procedure in generation and presentation of accounting and financial
information of NGOs. The practices followed by NGOs in Bangladesh are varied and diverse and
there by preparation of financial statements are incomparable and difficult for uses to understand.
The paper tries to demonstrate financial reporting and accounting system of a BRAC's ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b. Three laws and ordinances for regulation the relationship of such associations with the
Government: The Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies (Regulation and Control) Ordinance, 1961; the
Foreign Donation (Voluntary Activities) Regulation
68
Ordinance, 1982. This Forms the basis for registration with the NGO Affairs Bureau (NGOAB);
the Foreign Contribution (Regulation Ordinance 1982) Government organization, The NGO affairs
Bureau, has been carrying out NGOs registration and processing of funds. NGO Bureau examines
and evaluates reports submitted by NGOs and the checking of their income and expenditure
accounts. The inspection and audit of accounts kept by NGOs are under section 4 and 5 of the
Foreign Donation (Voluntary Activities) Regulation Ordinance 1978. As per Bangladesh Chartered
Accountants Order 1973, the NGO Affairs Bureau will prepare a list of Bangladesh Chartered
Accountants for annual audit of NGO accountants. The NGOs prepare their annual program report
within three months of ending the financial year and send copies to NGOAB's Economic Relation
Divisions, Concern Ministries, Concerned Deputy Commissioner and Bangladesh Bank, the
following information should be incorporated with it: (a) project should be shown separately in the
annual report. The main theme of project based report should expenses against actual target
achieved in detail on the proposal, expenses

Iso 9000, Service Quality and Ergonomics Stanislav...
Managing Service Quality
Emerald Article: ISO 9000, service quality and ergonomics Stanislav Karapetrovic
Article information:
To cite this document: Stanislav Karapetrovic, (1999),"ISO 9000, service quality and ergonomics",
Managing Service Quality, Vol. 9 Iss: 2 pp. 81 – 89 Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09604529910257948 Downloaded on: 17–10–2012 References: This
document contains references to 27 other documents Citations: This document has been cited by 3
other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been
downloaded 1952 times since 2005. *
Users who downloaded this Article also downloaded: *
Rujirutana Mandhachitara, Yaowalak Poolthong, (2011),"A model of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
While ISO 9000 series are technical, presenting specifications, requirements and guidelines for
quality systems, TQM emphasizes teamwork and customer satisfaction. Put another way, TQM is
quality management with "a human touch". Does this mean that ergonomic aspects of the workplace
and customer satisfaction are not emphasized by ISO 9000? Does quality assurance (ISO 9000)
emphasize ergonomics and 81
The author Stanislav Karapetrovic is based at the Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Keywords Ergonomics, ISO 9000, Quality assurance,
Service quality, Workers Abstract This paper addresses some ergonomic issues in the ISO 9000–
based quality assurance. Ergonomics – the study of human factors in engineering and design of
systems is briefly touched on. Then, outlines of ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 quality system models are
provided, and all 20 requirements of the current ISO 9001:9004 standard are presented in an
ergonomic light. Subsequently, human factors in the documentation and implementation of a quality
system are illustrated. The relevance of ergonomic studies in the development of service systems is
addressed. Finally, a blueprint for an ergonomic assurance system, defined as a set of interrelated

Satyam : The Tiger Of India
Satyam – The Tiger of India
I. Background
Several years after Enron and its subsequent landmark regulation Sarbanes–Oxley, significant frauds
in the corporate environment are still occurring. Throughout all of the major corporate frauds
committed over the past 15 years, the underlying red flags and symptoms are the same. Internal
controls are being overridden without regard, CEOs are manipulating the financial statements to
meet analyst financial metrics and corporate cash coffers are being raided for personal use. Well
respected audit and oversight firms are jeopardizing their reputations by consistently missing the
obvious while C–level perpetrators are escaping harsh prosecution.
Satyam Computer Limited is one such firm in India. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There was such obvious and blatant fraud occurring at many levels in the firm. This paper will
provide a high level overview of the types of fraud while providing a fraud audit program for a
specific type of fraud.
It is important to note several key factors that contribute to the corporate debauchery occurring in
India. Most notably, the Indian accounting profession is self–regulated. "India, by sticking to the
self–regulatory model, is set up for market failure. (livemint.com) As capitalism is to America, lack
of regulation is to India with subsequent effects of corruption. Business in India, regardless of
industry, is replete with corruption and bribery. Not surprisingly these nefarious ideals found their
way into the corporate governance of Indian firms and filter down into the day to day business
operations.
License Raj, a colloquial term coined in the late 1970s, indicates a period in which to establish a
business and obtain necessary operating permits, owners are required to pay bribes to government
officials. ( Per Audit TEXT)
Satyam experienced explosive growth and outpaced other firms in the industry from 2003–2008.
According to the journal article Corporate Accounting Fraud: A Case Study of Satyam Computers
Limited, Satyam realized 35% annual growth where the industry standard was 6.4%. The article also
indicated Satyam had 40% earnings–per–share growth and

Tqm Project
Abdullah Younus younus.abdullah@ymail.com EMN 502 PROJECT QUESTIONS 1. Why is
service quality more difficult to define than product quality? –While service and production share
many attributes, services have more diverse quality attributes than products. For example, product
like a personal computer is typically evaluated on its merits, and it makes little difference to the user
whether the person that assembled the computer was in a bad mood the day the computer was made.
Service settings are more complex; thus quality is more difficult to define. A customer of a
restaurant, for example, evaluates the quality of the restaurant not only on the merits of the food, but
also on the demeanor of the employees, the speed of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He found that wealth was concentrated in the hands of the few and poverty in the hands of the many.
The principle is based on the unequal distribution of things in the universe. It is the law of the
"significant few versus the trivial many." The Pareto Principle is a rule–of–thumb, which states that:
"20 percent of the problems have 80 percent of the impact." The 20 percent of the problems are the
"vital few" and the remaining problems are the "trivial many." From the quality point of view, this
diagram was introduced by the professor J. M. Juran, as an instrument for the classification of the
problems of quality: ν Major problems, they are only a few, but their results are quite important; ν
Secondary problems, there are also a great deal of minor problems, but their results are limited. A
Pareto Diagram is a good tool to use when the process investigated produces data that are broken
down into categories and you can count the number of times each category occurs. A Pareto diagram
puts data in a hierarchical order, which allows the most significant problems to be corrected first.
The Pareto analysis technique is used primarily to identify and evaluate nonconformities, although it
can summarize all types of data. It is the perhaps the diagram most often used in management
presentations. Typical observations from Pareto diagram analyses

Aircraft Solutions
Aircraft Solutions: Security Assessment and Recommendations Phase I and Phase II Table of
Contents Executive Summary 3 Company Overview 3 Security Vulnerabilities 4 A Software Data
Loss/Data Leak 4 A Hardware Firewall 5 Recommended Solutions 7 A Software Example Solution
7 A Hardware Example Solution 8 Impact on Business Processes 9 Summary 10 Appendix 11
References 17 Executive Summary Aircraft Solutions is aircraft Design Company that allows
internal and external users to access its system. As a result of this, the company has made itself
vulnerability to certain threats. This paper identifies two vulnerabilities. One is the ... Show more
A calculation of the average cost of each data loss incident must take into account both possibilities.
The ability to recover data depends on the cause of the data loss episode (Smith, 2003). Because
Aircraft Solutions has valuable intellectual property, the cost of data loss can be astronomical. In
fact, 17 percent of data loss incidents cannot be retrieved. It is worth noting that the value of the lost
data varies widely depending on the incident and, most critically, on the amount of data lost. Should
AS experience a data loss, it may take hundreds of man–hours over several weeks to recover and
reconstruct. Such prolonged effort could cost a company thousands, even potentially millions, of
dollars. Although it is difficult to precisely measure the intrinsic value of data, and the value of
different types of data varies, several sources in the computer literature suggest that the value of 100
megabytes of data is valued at approximately $1 million, translating to $10,000 for each MB of lost
data (Smith, 2003). The National Archives and Records report that 93% of companies that lost their
data center for 10 days or more due to a disaster filed for bankruptcy within one year of the disaster.
50% of businesses that found themselves without data management

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