2. Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Explain the roles and power of the Philippine president; and
2. Discuss how the president exercises power.
3. A Glimpse Back
Write three characteristics of an ideal democracy and how the
Philippines can attain such ideal form.
1.__________________________________________
2.__________________________________________
3.__________________________________________
4. Test your Stock Knowledge
Write down the names of the president of the Philippines in
Chronological order.
5. The Executive Branch
• Charged with the execution and administration of a country’s
laws
• In general, the executive branch sets the direction of national
policy
• Executive power in the Philippine government is vested in the
office of the President of the Republic
6. Running for President
Natural born citizen of the Philippines
Registered voter Literate (can read and write)
At least 40 years old on election day
Resident of the country for 10 years
Elected at large by plurality
7. Term Limits
The term of the President is for six years (no re-election)
No person who has succeeded and served as President
for four (4) years can run again
Vice-President: maximum two (2) terms
8. Presidential Privileges
Appoint the heads of the different executive departments
Appoint ambassadors, consuls and public ministers
Appoint armed forces personnel from the rank of colonel or naval
captain
Contract / guarantee foreign loans
9. Presidential Privileges
Negotiate foreign treaties Make appointments not
otherwise provided for by law Suspend the writ of habeas
corpus Declare martial law Prepare the national budget
Perform acts of clemency
11. The President Cannot:
Hold any other office or enjoy any other form of employment
Make appointments two months prior to the next elections
Make appointments within the 4th civil degree of
consanguinity
12. The President Cannot:
Increase his/her salary or that of the Vice-President during
his/her term
Ratify foreign treaties
Grant clemency in cases of impeachment
14. Causes of Vacancy
Written declaration that s/he is unable to discharge the powers
and duties of the Office
If a majority of the Cabinet makes a written declaration that the
President cannot discharge the powers and duties of the Office
15. More on Vacancy
The President can, at a later time, inform Congress s/he is fit to
perform her/his duties again
Congress can judge otherwise by a two-thirds vote of both
houses voting separately
16. Even More on Vacancy
If the President falls seriously ill…
The public will be informed of his/her state of health
Members of the Cabinet in charge of national security and foreign
relations shall have access to the President
The Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces shall have access to the
President
17. Some Notes
The Executive in Philippine politics derives its centrality mostly
from its function and roles –Based on its historical evolution –
Plenty of prestige is associated with the Office of the Executive
Personalism has always been prevalent in the Executive Branch
18. Philippine Presidents
Emilio Aguinaldo (1898-1902)
Manuel L. Quezon (1935-44)
Jose P. Laurel (1943-45)
Sergio Osmeña (1944-46)
Manuel Roxas (1946-48)
Elpidio Quirino (1948-53)
Ramon Magsaysay (1954-57)
Carlos P. Garcia (1957-61)
Diosdado Macapagal (1961-65)
Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-86)
Corazon C. Aquino (1986-92)
Fidel Ramos (1992-98)
Joseph Estrada (1998-2001)
Gloria Arroyo (2001-10)
Benigno C. Aquino III (2010- 2016)
Rodrigo R. Duterte (2016-Present)
19. Analysis Guide
1. Do you think the qualifications to be a president or vice-
president are enough ? What other qualifications do you
think should be included?
2. What is your opinion on the concept of servant-leadership? Is
it applicable in our leaders today?
3. What do you think is the most important function of the
president? Why?