Apresentação no dia 22 de ouubro de 2020 - EDEN (Enhancing the Human Experience of Learning with Technology)

1. *ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN THE USE
OF IOT IN EDUCATION:
ON THE PATH TO PERSONALIZATION
Cecília Tomás & António Teixeira
Laboratory of Distance Education and eLearning (LE@D), Universidade Aberta
Outubro de 2020

2. What we mean by the Internet of Things
physical substrate
things become smart
In http://allen.com.br/
interoperability
adressability
Virtual Identity
Ubiquity
Personality
The Internet of Things allows people and things to be connected Anytime, Anyplace,
with Anything and Anyone, ideally using Any path/network and Any service.
Perera et al., 2013

3. Personalization
The idea of personalization
• applied to objects that are
interconnect through IoT;
• promise of adaptation to the
individual characteristics of
each entity (objects and
people).
Personalization in Education
• Smart Cities / Smart Citizens;
• Personal Learning
Environments (PLE);
• Learning Analytics (LA);
• Bring Your Own Device
(BYOD);
• Wearable Technology (WT);
• IoT;
• Hypersituating;

4. Ethical Challenges on the Internet of Things
Security Privacy Automation Interaction
Infrastructure
security:
• Safety;
Institutional
security.
Physical / personal
security.
Access security.
Safety in use.
Data / information
security.
Resource security.
Privacy and
Intimacy.
Privacy and
Exposure.
Monitoring and
data use;
Anonymization of
the information
collected /
authorization for
information
collection;
AI and
customization
mechanisms.
Data with
individual value /
data with collective
value.
Automation and
freedom in human
being.
Automation and
customization;
• Profiling /
•Customization /
Personalization.
The center of
decision: between the
human being and the
machine.
Automation and the
essence of education;
•Internet of Things;
•Internet of
everything.
The value of IoT
in customization
based on Big Data;
data surveillance
change the
interaction in
education;
Freedom or
determinism in the
educational
process.

5. Thinking about solutions
Technology design by
multidisciplinary teams
Distributed tools as
blockchain
Anonymizing people
Authorized acess
to personal data
active digital
citizenship
Cultural, ethical moral
and legal AI
programming
Raising awareness about
policies related to the use of
IoT
Make IoT devices secure

6. On the path to Personalization in Education
IoT IoE
Approach centered on extractive
technology in which everything is bought
and sold through the delivery of packages
typified by AI mechanisms.
Surveillance capitalism (based on
totalitarian governance decisions or
peripheral to the common good);
Determinism (inherent to the educational
process);
Profiling (which is born based on
standards of profiles).
Construction of a collective intelligence
shared and co-built with an Internet of
Everything and with the help of different
AIs, whose functionality is to solve problems
Growth of stigmergic learning and more
evolved societies from the human point of
view (the humanity point of view).

7. Conclusions and future research
Conclusions
• Literature review - personalization
in education through the use of IoT
is clearly possible and desirable.
• The interviewed experts -
machine-assisted personalization
of learning experiences is a
potential, but also a danger to
improving the quality of education.
However, profiling as an
educational achievement based
exclusively on IoT mechanisms
powered by AI without ethics has
high and real risks.
Education can become too
homogenous and deterministic.
Future research
• Think about technological
design, cost and ownership.
• Think of personalization and
commoditization as
educational categories;
• Build a social and ethical
matrix, as well as an ethical
framework which will be
able to guide institutions
and inform quality practice.

8. Tkanks
*This research is part of a doctoral thesis and has been supported by the R&D unit 4372/FCT.
October 2020
Cecília Tomás
António Teixeira