Revisiting ex combatants in Nepal
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Past assumption and present Realities of ex-combatants in Nepal
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Revisiting ex combatants in Nepal
- 3. Context of Conflict § 40 Points demands submittedbyCPN-Maoist on 4th February,1996 § Attack on police stations in the districts of Rolpa, Rukum and Sindhuli on 13th February,1996, which formallymarked the start of armed conflict § 14,000 people killed from the both sides; government and Maoist displaced an estimated 100,000 more people § Royal Massacre 2001 § Formation of PLA § Tripartite Conflict 3Ms § 19 Day People's Movement § CPA- 2006- beginning of peace process in Nepal Monarchy Mainstream Parties Maoist Chiranjibi Bhandari 2020
- 4. Major Agreements • Comprehensive Peace Accord 2006. • Agreement on the Management and Monitoring of the Arms and the Armies, 2006 • The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2007 • The Seven-Point Agreement, 1 October, 2011 Chiranjibi Bhandari 2020
- 6. Activities S. N. Activities Timeline 1 Cantonments were set up and Maoist Army Combatants were contained in seven main and 21 satellite cantonments Feb-March 2007 2 UNMIN and UN arms monitors were deployed in 7 main and 21 satellite cantonments and Nepal Army container site. November 2007 3 Registration of combatants by UNMIN 16th Jan-17th Feb, 2007 4 Verification of ex-combatants by UNMIN 19th Jun- 21st Dec, 2007 5 Establishment of Special Committee 28 October 2008 6 Establishment of Technical Committee 2009 Chiranjibi Bhandari 2020
- 7. ….Contd S. N. Activities Timeline 7 Farewell of UNMIN 15 Jan, 2011 8 MACs under the Special Committee 22nd Jan, 2011 9 Update and regrouping of combatants 17th Nov- 2nd Dec, 2011 10 Integration and Reintegration 2012- 2013 Chiranjibi Bhandari 2020
- 9. Integration & Rehabilitation Options S. N. Amount Ranks 1 800000 Division Commander, Division Vice Commander 2 700000 Brigadier Commander, Brigadier Vice Commander 3 600000 Battalion Commander, Battalion Vice Commander, Company Commander and Company Vice Commander 4 500000 Platoon Commander, Platoon Vice Commander, Section Commander, Section Vice Commander, Front Guard Leader, Member Total V R Formal and Informal Education (1 to 4 Yrs) Vocational Training Agricultural Training Abroad Special Package for wounded and sick Special Package for Pregnant Women R e h a b Chiranjibi Bhandari 2020
- 10. Facts and Figure of Ex-combatants Absentees in Verification Process 8640 Total Registered Combatants 32250 VLMR 4008 Late Recruits : 1035 Minors: 2973 UNMIN – Verified 19602 Participated in Update and Regrouping in 2011 : 17052 Death Reported from 2007 to 2011 : 94 Missing combatants: 2456 Integration:1422 Rehabilitation:6 Voluntary Retirement 156242007 2011/2012Chiranjibi Bhandari 2020
- 11. Process Society Conflict/War Cantonment Nepal Army & Society Before 1996 1996-2006 2006-2012 201 2/2013 onwards Maoist Party UNMIN/ Maoist Party/ Government of Nepal Special Committee & Secretariat CPA- 2006 AMMAA- 2006 7 Points Agreement – 2011 and other subsequent decisions made by Special Committee and Secretariat Chiranjibi Bhandari 2020
- 13. Assumption Vs. Realities • D-Disarmament • D- Demobilization • R- Reintegration Assumptions Realities Chiranjibi Bhandari 2020
- 15. Differences Maoist Other political forces Number : As maximum as possible As minimum as possible Modality : Group entry Single entry Norms : already an army so that no need to select like recruitment following army’s recruitment norms/criteria Should meet army’s basic norms/criteria to be integrated into the NA Rank determination : should recognize existing rank of the ‘PLA’ & should integrate accordingly The NA should determine the rank and ingrate following the completion of necessary basic training and course Model of rehabilitation & voluntary retirement : should focus on voluntary retirement offering attractive cash package Should give high priority on rehabilitation focusing on capacity & skill development of combatants so that they can establish in society with dignified life Chiranjibi Bhandari 2020