Parenting Style Effects on Dark Traits Development

Annotated Bibliography Outline
Borders, A. E., Grobman, W. A., Amsden, L. B., & Holl, J. L. (2007). Chronic stress and low birth
weight neonates in a low–income population
Caspi, Avshalom, Glen H. Elder, and Daryl J. Bem. 1987. "Moving against the World: Life–Course
Patterns of Explosive Children." Developmental Psychology 23:308– 13.
Conger, R. D., Ge, X., Elder, G. H., Lorenz, F. O., & Simons, R. L. (1994). Economic stress,
coercive family process, and developmental problems of adolescents. Child Development, 65, 541–
561.
Dohrenwend, Bruce P., Itzhak Levav, Patrick Shrout, Sharon Schwartz, Guedalia Naveh, Bruce
Link, Andrew Skodol, and Ann Stueve. 1992. "Socioeconomic Status and Psychiatric Disorders:
The Causation–Selection Issue." Science 255:946–52.
Ellis, B. J., ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Johnson. 1977. "Marital Status, Life–Strains and Depression." American Sociological Review
42:704–15.
Rahman, A., Bunn, J., Lovel, H. and Creed, F. (2007), Association between antenatal depression and
low birthweight in a developing country. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115: 481–486. doi:
10.1111/j.1600–0447.2006.00950.x
Rutter, M. (1989), Pathways from Childhood to Adult Life. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 30: 23–51. doi: 10.1111/j.1469–7610.1989.tb00768.x
Talge, N. M., Neal, C, Glover, V., & the Early Stress, Translational Research Prevention Science
Network: Fetal and Neonatal Experience on Child Adolescence Mental Health. (2007). Antenatal
maternal stress and long–term effects on child neurodevelopment: How and why? Journal of Child
Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 245–261.
Turner, R. Jay, Blair Wheaton, and Donald A. Lloyd. 1995. "The Epidemiology of Social Stress."
American Sociological Review 60:104–25.
van Goozen, S. H. M., Fairchild, G., Snoek, H., & Harold, G. T. (2007). The evidence for a
neurobiological model of childhood antisocial behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 133. 149–182.

Waldman, D. A., P. A. Balthazard and S. J. Peterson: 2011b, 'Social Cognitive Neuroscience and
Leadership', The Leadership Quarterly 22(6),
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Natural Selection Misinterpretation Paper
In topic 1, the introduction to human uniqueness and social coercion theory, we are introduced to
some of the common misinterpretation behind Charles' Darwin's theory of evolution, specifically in
regards to natural selection and survival of the fittest. One of the biggest contributors to this issue is
the lack of exposure to the general public on the overall theory behind these two processes. Instead
of a full detailed explanation about natural selection and survival of the fittest, we are just told that it
is slow and that to be fit means a level of superiority among competition, respectively. Topic 1
revealed that this is not true, as well as stating that natural selection is about individual risk, benefit
and cost is of the utmost importance(Bingham). Based on this newly found insight from the course,
how does individual risk, benefit, and cost play such an important role in natural selection even
though selection is seen in a population and not a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a student, I built a parameter that caused me to believe that an equation or a theory had a set goal
to achieve and must provide a push in order to reach it. Natural selection completely breaks this
barrier due to its passive and ubiquitous nature (True 2016). Natural selection does not evoke any
force on any species to evolve nor does it create genetic variation. The individual, through
mutations, risks, and understanding the benefit allow for the process of natural selection to work. At
first, I also questioned how could an individual's action have anything to do with natural selection. I
learned that an individual's gene does not change, therefore an individual can not adapt (True 2016).
Although this is true, if a deeper look is taken into the world and some of the ways evolution occurs,
the individual is of the utmost importance in causing natural

ECE 205 Child Development Observation P Essay
Child Development Observation (Preschool/Early Elementary Age)
Kimberly Thomas
ECE 205 Week 4 Assignment
Instructor Nadia Hasan
November 10, 2014
The preschool years which are the ages between 2 ½ years to five years old is an exciting time for
children. It is during this time that they use all of the development learned during the infant and
toddler stage to actively explore and engage in school. Preschoolers learn how to make their own
choices, develop socially, and explore their environments. Parents and caregivers still play an
important role in helping children during this time take initiative and explore their environments.
Adult's behaviors, attitudes, and styles of thinking contribute to preschooler's ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Through play they are able to learn their environment and it helps with learning. In the area of
language development preschoolers are developing well as they learn more words and are very
verbal. Children are more vocal about their surroundings, feelings, and other individuals. It is
important to pay attention to speech during this time as most delays in language are noticed during
this stage of development. "It is important to encourage talk at this time, and to seek advice from a
specialist if any delays are suspected." (Christina J. Groark, Stephanie K. McCarthy, Afton R. Kirk,
2014) Socially children are developing as they show interest in playing with other children.
"Children are driven by the desire to be liked and place the utmost importance on friends."
(Christina J. Groark, Stephanie K. McCarthy, Afton R. Kirk, 2014) It is during this period they
children learn how to share and respect other feelings. Children learn how to follow rules and know
their boundaries during this stage of development. Each stage of development is essential in how
well children are able to enjoy the exciting time of preschool.
In the video "Draco's Transition to Group Time" We are introduced to Draco who is in a preschool
setting. Draco and his class are transitioning from playing with Lego's to group time. As Draco is
helping place the Lego's back in their proper place he is gripping a green chair. Another child
attempts to take the

Game Theory and Economic Analyst
Game Theory and Economic
Analysis
Game Theory and Economic Analysis presents the wide range of current contributions of game
theory to economics. The chapters fall broadly into two categories. Some lay out in a jargon–free
manner a particular branch of the theory, the evolution of one of its concepts, or a problem that runs
through its development. Others are original pieces of work that are signiﬁcant to game theory as a
whole.
After taking the reader through a concise history of game theory, the contributors discuss such
topics as:
the connections between Von Neumann's mathematical game theory and the domain assigned to it
today since Nash the strategic use of information by game players the problem of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
DIMAND AND MARY ANN DIMAND
2 Rupture versus continuity in game theory: Nash versus Von
Neumann and Morgenstern
CHRISTIAN SCHMIDT
PART II
Theoretical content
3 Bluﬀ and reputation
SYLVAIN SORIN
4 An appraisal of cooperative game theory
HERVÉ MOULIN

5 The coalition concept in game theory
SÉBASTIEN COCHINARD
6 Do Von Neumann and Morgenstern have heterodox followers?
CHRISTIAN SCHMIDT
© 1995 Éditions Dalloz
English edition: editorial matter and selection © 2002 Christian
Schmidt; individual chapters © the contributors
7 From specularity to temporality in game theory
JEAN–LOUIS RULLIÈRE AND BERNARD WALLISER
PART III
Applications
8 Collective choice mechanisms and individual incentives
CLAUDE D'ASPREMONT AND LOUIS–ANDRÉ GÉRARD–VARET
9 Team models as a framework to analyze coordination problems within the ﬁrm
JEAN–PIERRE PONSSARD, SÉBASTIEN STEINMETZ, AND
HERVÉ TANGUY
© 1995 Éditions Dalloz
English edition: editorial matter and selection © 2002 Christian
Schmidt; individual chapters © the contributors
Contributors
Sébastien Cochinard. LESOD, University of Laon, France.
Claude d'Aspremont. CORE, Catholic University of Louvain, France.
Mary Ann Dimand. Albion College, Michigan, USA.
Robert W. Dimand. Brock University, Canada.
The late Louis–André Gérard–Varet. Universities of Aix–Marseilles II and III,
France.
Hervé Moulin. Rice

The Making Of Darth Vader : Parent Child Care And The Dark...
The Making of Darth Vader: Parent–child Care and the Dark Triad Stephanie Bradley Alabama State
University Theories of Personality Section I: Summary & Critique Studies have shown that children
behave in a certain manner that is commonly related to the way they were raised. To be more
precise, a child's behavior can evolve from the way their parents treated them, at an age where they
can remember when these events occurred. Theories agree; the manner one is treated as a child
influences mating strategies (Bowlby, 1988; Chilsom, Quinlivan, Petersen, & Coall, 2005).
Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy have repeatedly been identified as aversive
personality traits (Kowalski, 2001) characterized by entitlement, superiority, dominance, glib social
charm, manipulativeness, and interpersonal antagonism. Stressful, harsh, or unstable child–parent
relationships might activate an approach to life, captured by the Dark Triad, orienting individuals
towards seeking immediate returns in mating ( Jonason, Valentine, Li, & Harbeson, 2011) and social
relationships ( Jonason & Webster, 2012). In addition, according to (Del Giudice & Belsky, 2010),
parents have a profound effect on children; potentially generating different patterns of attachment
(Barthlomew & Horowitz, 1991). The types of attachment includes secure attachment, which is
thought to result from a positive and affirming bond with one's primary caregiver and to result in a
tendency towards

2B study guide Essay
49 is the max amount of viewers available in slide – if you aren't adding please allow others to
Just to have some clarity between the answers, questions, etc.
Questions in BLACK
Answers in BLUE
Side Questions in RED
Explanations/Answers to side questions in ORANGE
Other comments in ANY COLOR
Unanswered study questions in GREEN
Study Questions for Lectures 1–5
1. Give 2 definitions of "species" and explain the strengths and weaknesses of each.
Morphological "species": individuals grouped into species based on their similar physical
appearence.
Strength: Easy to apply when species' traits are defined and don't overlap.
Weakness: Hard to apply when there are morphological difference within species, such as in
between ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs in terms of how they acquire energy and nutrients.
–Autotrophs: Produce their own forms of energy through inorganic materials
–Heterotrophs: Obtain energy and nutrients from their diet
11. Which of the following is the best answer to why plants on land are green
(a) green is the color of life
(b) chlorophyll absorbs green light
(c ) Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light
(d) herbivores are repelled by the color green
(e) its not easy being green
12. Describe two ways (two different things you could measure) to estimate the rate of
photosynthesis in a particular plant. What specific measurements would you need to make for each
in order to estimate GROSS photosynthesis?
–In an enclosed environment measuring levels of CO2 and O2 could help to determine rate of
photosynthesis. The NET photosynthesis is equal to photosynthesis–respiration to account for what
happens during the night.
–Measuring the pH of a solution (such as in the lab we had) could also help determine the rate of
photosynthesis. You would need a much more specific pH meter, but generally, if pH goes down, the
level of CO2 is higher, meaning more cellular respiration. Higher pH means there's less CO2, so

more photosynthesis.
GROSS photosynthesis = (change in O2 in light) – (change in O2 in dark)
13. Explain the concept of a trade–off and give an example of a

Population Genetics Of Chickpea And Its Wild Progenitors C
Population genetics of chickpea and its wild progenitors C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum
Susan Moenga Introduction Chickpea, Cicer arietinum, is the second most widely grown legume in
the world, cultivated on ~11.5 million ha mostly in India and Ethiopia (FAOSTAT, 2013). Genetic
and molecular evidence have demonstrated that C. reticulatum is the progenitor of the cultivated
pulse, with Nguyen et al., (2004) and Sethy et al., (2006) both supporting C. reticulatum and C.
echinospermum (both restricted to Southeastern Turkey) to be the primary and secondary gene pools
for the cultivated species respectively. However, apart from the estimated domestication time of
5,700 BP, very little else is known of the genetic diversity of these species as well as the genetic
impact of the domestication process. Such information would lay ground for further research into
these species, allowing for genome wide association mapping into locally adaptive traits in wild
species that could be of agronomic importance. Hypotheses and research questions Cultivated
chickpea will have lower levels of nucleotide diversity relative to its wild progenitors. Such a
reduction is attributed to a 'domestication bottleneck', where only a small subset of individuals with
desirable traits is chosen for cultivation. Additionally, there will be reduction in diversity attributed
to selective breeding that has over time targeted anthropocentric traits succeeding domestication,
that will be visible in select

The Types Of Batesian Mimicry : Characteristics And...
Batesian mimicry occurs when an edible and harmless organism (the mimic) mimics a noxious and
inedible organism (the model) in appearance (Ruxton et al 2004). Mimicry of the model by the
mimic can lend it protection from predation (Ruxton et al 2004). An interesting type of Batesian
mimicry seen in numerous butterfly species is female–limited polymorphic mimicry (Kunte 2009).
Many species of swallowtail butterflies in the genus Papilio exhibit Batesian mimicry and Female–
limited polymorphism (Kunte et al 2014). Females of species that display this type of mimicry are
polymorphic (have multiple forms) with one or more mimetic forms, while males are nonmimetic
and monomorphic (have only one form) (Kunte 2009). Species can also have a nonmimetic male–
like female form alongside the one or more mimetic forms (Kunte 2009). If a species has more than
one form of mimetic female, these forms will mimic different models (different noxious organisms)
(Kunte 2009).
The limitation of mimicry to the female of the species is attributed to the differences in male/female
predation rates and sexual selection against male mimicry (Kunte 2009). Female butterflies
experience higher rates of predation than their male counterparts because they carry around a heavy
load of eggs that slows their flight (Ohsaki 1995). Eastern black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes)
males that were altered to appear like the mimetic females of their species experienced a lower
success rate in

Work Style Survey On Decision Making Essay
WORK–STYLE SURVEY Part 1: Participant Demography 1) Please tell us the overview of the
company and types of project you were involved in 2) What was your role in the projects? 3) How
long have you been working in this position? 4) How many important decisions have you made? 5)
How important was the decision affect on the company? 6) How many different decisions have you
came up with? 7) Have you studied or worked overseas? How long? Part 2: Cultural Aspects on
Decision Making 1) Please pick one of the projects you were involved in and based on your national
culture, how do the culture aspects help to facilitate decision making? 2) Related to the first
question, was it different when you worked with international team and what were the differences?
3) What is the degree of influence on decision making in project team when considering the position
(hierarchy) in the organization? How do those positions influence on decision making? 4) What is
the degree of influence on decision making in project team when considering the relationships
among the project team members? How do those relationships influence on decision making? 5)
When you work in the project, if you feel like the decision made does not give the optimum result,
do you tend to oppose the decisions agreed by the majority? 6) Do you hesitate to give your opinion
which could generate better decision though you have to oppose or hurt someone's feeling in the
project team? 7) How would you grade your

The Big Five Personality Constructs
Personality theories, or models, are metaphors for describing something which is intrinsically
indescribable, the human personality. Currently, one of the most popular approaches among
psychologists for studying personality theory is the Five–Factor Model (FFM) or Big Five
dimensions of personality. This essay will explore the 'Big Five ' personality constructs and seek to
explain how useful they are to understanding how people are likely to perform in a work situation.
In conclusion, this essay will also discuss some of the arguments against the relevance and accuracy
of personality testing within the employment context. The Five–Factor Model originated in an
attempt to compile trait–related terms as researchers were dissatisfied with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This may in turn create negativity in the workplace. Openness to Experience – Openness describes a
dimension of cognitive style that can distinguish imaginative, creative employees from down–to–
earth, conventional employees. Employees who score high with Open are intellectually curious,
appreciative of art, and sensitive to beauty. They tend to be, compared to closed people, more aware
of their feelings (Carver & Scheier, 2000). These employees tend to think and act in individualistic
and nonconforming ways and intellect is probably best regarded as one aspect of openness to
experience. Agreeableness – Agreeableness reflects individual differences in concern with
cooperation and social harmony. Agreeable employees value getting along with others in the
workplace and are therefore considerate, friendly, generous, helpful (Carver & Scheier, 2000) and
willing to compromise their interests with others. Agreeable employees also have an optimistic view
of human nature and believe others are basically honest, decent, and trustworthy. Extraversion–
Extraversion is marked by pronounced engagement with the external world. McCrae & Costa
(1997) believe there is a good deal of variation in what makes up this factor. Extraverts enjoy being
with people, are full of energy, and often experience positive emotions. Extraverted employees tend
to be enthusiastic and action–oriented (Carver & Scheier, 2000), like

The Development Of The Pair Bond
In our culture the relationship most often discussed when describing human interaction and that
which is considered the most "ideal" or "normal" relationship (demonstrated by cultural morality
and various forms of media) is that of the male–female couple. This pair–bonding is a phenomenon
that exists to some degree in the natural world, but occurs most prominently in humans. The
development of the pair–bond is one of the single most important aspects of human evolution,
culture, and relationships as we understand them today. This behavior has driven human sociality,
reproduction, and cultural development through evolutionary, physiological, and psychological
means. By understanding and assessing the history and evolution of pair bonding, the means by
which our cultural foundations were established can be discovered. To determine how the pair bond
has been established, one must look at the various evolutionary pressures that lead to this type of
behavior. As Herbert (2005) explains, the reproductive strategies of organisms are often defined by
biologists as "r" or "K" strategies. The former tend to be smaller and live in unstable environments
with their reproductive strategy being to produce as many offspring as possible (potentially only
once in their lifetime), many of them dying before reaching the reproductive age of their already
short life expectancy. The offspring with the highest fitness are the ones that survive to this
reproductive stage. In contrast, K–strategists

Paper
Processes of a case study methodology for postgraduate research in marketing Chad Perry Processes
of a case study methodology 7 85 U n ive rsi ty of Sou the r n Q ueensl a nd, Toowoomba , A ust r a
l i a Introduction C a s e s t u d i e s a re f a m i l i a r t o m a rke t i n g e d u c a t o r s a n d t h e i r s
t u d e n t s a s a teaching device. For example, the Harvard Business School's cases are widely used
to allow students to be emotionally involved and le ar n action–related analysis of real, complex
situations (Christensen and Hansen, 1987). However, a l t h o u g h c a s e s t u d i e s c a n a l s o b e
u s e d a s a re s e a r c h m e t h o d o l o g y ( E a s t o n , 1994a; Parkhe, 1993; Tsoukas, 1989; ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That is, it holds that there is an external reality (Tsoukas, 1989), although the complexity of that
reality and the limitations of a researcher's mental capacity makes triangulation of data essential to
refine fallible observations of that re ality. The continuing effo r ts of many marketing researchers
almost necessitates the belief that there is an exter nal world which can be researched (Hunt, 1991;
Leplin, 1986). In other words, case s t u dy re s e a rc h e ff o r t s u s u a l l y i nvo l ve t h e c o l l e
c t i o n o f p e rc e p t i o n s o f " u n o b s e r v ab l e " e x t e r n a l w o r l d p h e n o m e n a s u c
h a s p e r c e p t i o n s t h a t a r e "unobservable" (Hunt, 1991, p. 282), for example, views about
non–economic and non–technological motivations in relationship marketing. As has been noted in
the marketing liter atu re (Hunt, 1991), p ositivism requires that only observable phenomena can and
should be researched, so realism rather than positivism is a more appropriate epistemological guide
for case study research. Coming to the third dimension in Table I, case study researchers expect that
the i r know l e dge c l ai ms c an and w i l l be eval uate d thro ug h s o me c o mmo n measures,
like reliability and validity issues, careful

The Health Impact Of Supportive Housing For Hiv Positive...
Advocacy Theory:
Anderson, J. (2008). Talk to the hand? Community Councils and Planning Consultation. Planning
Theory, 284–300
Anonymous. (2006). Newly constructed affordable housing must be adaptable for use by elderly and
disabled. Planning & Environmental Law, 28.
Buchanan, D., Kee, R., Sadowski, L. S., & Garcia, D. (2009). The Health Impact of Supportive
Housing for HIV Positive Homeless Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of
Public Health, S675–S680.
Cropsey, K. L., Wexler, H. K., Melnick, G., Taxman, F. S., & Young, D. W. (2007). Specialized
Prisons and Services Results From A National Survey. The Prison Journal, 58–85.
Hunt, M., & Zacharias, J. (2008). Market the Imaginary of Montreal 's (Gay Village. Canadian ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Social Theory:
Alarid, L. F. (2000). Sexual Orientation Perspectives of Incarceration Bisexual and Gay Men: The
County Jail Protective Custody Experience. The Prison Journal 80–95.
Anonymous. (2004). Borough erred in denying conditional use permit for housing for the elderly
that met requirements for proximity to retail services and suitable traffic effects. Planning &
Environmental Law, 17.
Badiga, S., Raoult, D., & Brouqui, P. (2008). Preventing and Controlling Emerging and Reemerging
Transmissible Disease in the Homeless. Emerging Infectious Disease, 1353–1359.
Baeten, G. (1999). Towards Cosmopolis. Planning for Multicultural Cities. European Planning
Studies, 111.
Batchelor, S. (1999). New Frontiers of Space, Bodies and Gender. Urban Studies, 2176.
Clark, W. A., & Deurloo, M. C. (2006). Aging in place and housing over–consumption. J Housing
Built Environ, 257–270.
Coe, N. B. (2013). The Asset and Income Profiles of Residents in Seniors Housing and Care
Communities: What can Be leaned from Existing Data Sets. Research on Aging, 50–77.
Copeland, L. L., Miller, A. A., Welsh, D. E., McCarthy, J. F., & Kilbourne, J. E. (2009). Clinical and
Demographics Factors Associated With Homelessness and Incarceration Among Va Patients With
Bipolar Disorder. American Journal of Public Health, 871–877.
Edward, T. D., & Goetz, E. G. (2005). The Effects of Revitalization on Public Housing Residents: A
Case Study of the Atlanta Housing Authority. American Planning Association. Journal of

Paper
Processes of a case study methodology for postgraduate research in marketing
Chad Perry
Processes of a case study methodology 7 85
U n ive rsi ty of Sou the r n Q ueensl a nd, Toowoomba , A ust r a l i a
Introduction
C a s e s t u d i e s a re f a m i l i a r t o m a rke t i n g e d u c a t o r s a n d t h e i r s t u d e n t s a s a
teaching device. For example, the Harvard Business School's cases are widely used to allow
students to be emotionally involved and le ar n action–related analysis of real, complex situations
(Christensen and Hansen, 1987). However, a l t h o u g h c a s e s t u d i e s c a n a l s o b e u s e d a
s a re s e a r c h m e t h o d o l o g y ( E a s t o n ,
1994a; Parkhe, 1993; Tsoukas, 1989; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, the appropriate scientific paradigm and levels of induction and deduction are established.
Implementation of the case study methodolog y is then e xamined, inc luding the number of case
studies and interviews. Use of theoretical replication to rigorously analyze case study data is
illustrated from a postg raduate thesis. Finally, a framework is provided for constr ucting a thesis,
emphasizing the key methodology chapter.
Because of the specific focus of this paper, case study research methodology i s d e f i n e d a s " a re
s e a r c h m e t h o d o l o g y b a s e d o n i n t e r v i ew s t h a t i s u s e d i n a postgraduate thesis
involving a body of knowledge". The methodology usually investigates a contemporary
phenomenon within its real–life context when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are
not clearly evident (Yin, 1994,
p. 13).
Scientific paradigms
T h e r e a r e t w o m a j o r a p p r o a c h e s t o t h e o r y d e ve l o p m e n t , d e d u c t i ve t h e o
r y testing and inductive theory building (Bonoma, 1985; Parkhe, 1993; Romano,
1989). The difference betwe en the two approaches can be viewed in ter ms of scientific paradigms,
with the deductive approach representing the positivist p a r a d i g m a n d t h e i n d u c t ive a

Patients At Early Stages Of Cancer Essay
Literature Review
Patients at early stages of cancer, pre metastasis, can often be cured by surgically removing the
tumor. On the other hand, Patients with progressed cancer, which has metastasized, must be treated
with systemic therapies. Common therapies used today are radiation and chemotherapy. Although in
some cases these treatments are effective in removing tumors, they are not entirely selective towards
cells within the tumor and are toxic to the patient. A relatively new approach towards cancer
treatment is targeted therapy; drugs which inhibit specific molecules involved in tumor
development. These drugs are more specific towards tumor cells and less damaging to normal cells
[R]. Although Initial therapeutic responses to targeted therapy drugs are promising, many patients
will experience regrowth and progression of the tumor within several months following treatment
[R, A]. Typical detectable metastatic lesions are expected to contain hundreds of cells resistant to the
drug before the start of treatment. These cells would then expand during treatment, repopulate the
tumor, and cause treatment failure [R]. Along with preexisting mutations, these targeted therapies
put massive selective pressures on the diverse cell populations of the tumor which drive the tumor
cells by natural selection to select mutations that cause resistance. This resistance could result from
several different processes of which genetic alternation in the drug targets and development of

The Process of Natural Selection Essay
Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection explains the general laws by which any given species
transforms into other varieties and species. Darwin extends the application of his theory to the entire
hierarchy of classification and states that all forms of life have descended from one incredibly
remote ancestor. The process of natural selection entails the divergence of character of specific
varieties and the subsequent classification of once–related living forms as distinct entities on one or
many levels of classification. The process occurs as a species varies slightly over the course of
numerous generations. Through inheritance, natural selection preserves each variation that proves
advantageous to that species in its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gould goes on to explain that those specific and unusual examples force one to define the general
concepts in terms outside of one's predetermined and limited sensibilities.
The case of r–selection provides one with an accurate comprehension of natural selection because it
emphasizes success in a metaphorical struggle for existence instead of success in a literal and
immediate struggle between two species or between a species and its environment. The main
obstacle in the struggle of cecidomyian gall midges is the fact that these flies find the mushrooms
they feed on only intermittently. In the instances in which they have no food source, the mobile type
of this fly seeks resources. Once food becomes plentiful for a short duration, the female flies begin
to reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis at stages of their life so early that they are devoured from
the inside out by their offspring. The sacrifice of structural development for the benefit of rapid
reproduction is an example of natural selection retaining a beneficial variation and discarding a
detrimental or useless one. Gould states, "Evolutionists have learned that organisms adapt not only
by altering their size and shape but also by adjusting the timing of their lives and the energy
invested in different activities (feeding, growth, and reproduction, for example)" (94). The theory of
natural selection can be more effectively grasped

The Relationship Between Dimension Of Love, Personality...
References
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J. (1986). A triangular theory of love. Psychological Review, 93, 119–135.
Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Triangulating Love. In Oord, T. J. The Altruism Reader: Selections from
Writings on Love, Religion, and Science. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation. p. 332.
Sternberg, R. J., & Weis, K. (2006). The New Psychology of Love. Yale University Press.
Sullivan, K. T. (1998). Contributions of personality and behavior to change in marital satisfaction.
0622 – clinical psychology.
Toegel, G.; Barsoux, J. L. (2012). How to become a better leader. MIT Sloan Management Review.
53 (3): 51–60.
Tupes, E.C., & Christal, R.E. (1961). Recurrent Personality Factors Based on Trait Ratings.
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Systems Command.
Weisberg, Y. J., De Young, C. G., & Hirsh, J. B. (2011). Gender Differences In Personality Across
Ten Aspects Of Big Five. Frontiers in Psychology, 2.

Cultural Comparisons of India and China
NATIONAL CULTURE OF CHINAAND INDIA IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Introduction
1. Increased business globalization, emergence of new economic hubs like BRIC countries (Brazil,
Russia, India and China) as well as more intense competition among organizations at the domestic
and international level alike over the past two decades, have necessitated the need for studies in the
comparative Human Resource Management (HRM) (Budhwar & Sparrow, 2002a). As a result,
a growing number of conceptual (Aycan, 2005; Edwards & Kuruvilla, 2005) and empirical
studies (Bae, Chen, & Lawler, 1998; Budhwar & Sparrow, 2002b; Easterby–Smith,
Malina, & Yuan, 1995) have addressed the configuration of HRM in different ... Show more
Hall describes context as the information that surrounds an event. In high context societies, the
situation, the external environment and non–verbal cues are crucial in the communication process.
However, this approach fits much better with a generic concept of culture, in the sense of a broad
cultural community such as Arabs, Latins or Chinese, than with the constrained boundaries of a
nation state, where individual and organizational diversity allows for a pluralistic coexistence of
both low and high context.
9. The work of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) offers another useful framework to understand
cultural differences. Viewing culture as a set of assumptions and deep–level values regarding
relationships among humans and between humans and their environments, Kluckhohn and
Strodtbeck proposed four basic value orientations, which can be further divided into sub dimensions
to capture the complex cultural variations across societies. The major orientations in their model are
human nature (evil, mixed, good), man–nature relationship (subjugation, harmony, dominant), social
relation with people (hierarchical, collateral, individual), human activity (being, becoming, doing),
and time sense (past, present, future). The cultural orientation framework has been adopted by
researchers to explain variations of HRM practices across countries (e.g., Aycan et al., 2007;
Nyambegera et al., 2000; Sparrow & Wu,

Pascal 's Triangle And The Triangle
Pascal's Triangle is named after the seventeenth century mathematician and philosopher, Blaise
Pascal. However, several other mathematicians knew about and utilized the triangle before Pascal's
birth in 1623. In the twelfth century, both Persian and Chinese mathematicians were trying to create
an arithmetical triangle that is easy to construct and that gives the coefficients of the expansion of
the algebraic expression expression (a + b)n for different integer values of n. Pascal's Triangle was
first discovered by Chinese mathematician, Yang Hui, and rediscovered 500 years later by the
French mathematician, Blaise Pascal (1623–62). The Chinese mathematician, Chu Shih Chieh,
depicted the triangle and indicated its use in providing coefficients for the binomial expansion of (a
+ b)n in his 1303 treatise The Precious Mirror of the Four Elements. Chinese mathematician, Chia
Hsien (circa 1050) used the triangle to extract square and cube roots of numbers. In addition, after
Chia Hsien's discovery of the relationship between extracting roots and the binomial coefficients of
the triangle, work continued on this topic by several Chinese algebraists to solve higher than cubic
equations. Pascal's work on the triangle emanated from the popularity of gambling. The triangle
came to be known as Pascal's Triangle with Blaise Pascal's completion of Traité du triangle
arithmétique in 1654. Making use of the already known array of binomial coefficients, Blaise Pascal
developed many of the

Distributed Lag Model For Money Supply And Price...
CHAPTER EIGHT DISTRIBUTED LAG MODEL FOR MONEY SUPPLY AND PRICE
RELATIONSHIP 8.1 Distributed Lag Model The economic variable Y is affected by not only the
value of X at the same time t but also by its lagged values plus some disturbance term i.e.X_t,X_(t–
1),X_(t–2).....,X_(t–k),ε_t.this can be written in the functional form as: 〖Y_t=f(X〗_t,X_(t–
1),X_(t–2).....,X_(t–k),ε_t) In linear form, Y_t=α+β_0 X_t+β_1 X_(t–1)+β_2 X_(t–2)+⋯+β_j X_(t–
k)+ε_t (8.1) Where, β_0 is known as the short run multiplier, or impact multiplier because it gives
the change in the mean value of Y_t following a unit change of X_tin the same time period. If the
change of X_t is maintained at the same level thereafter, then, (β_0+β_1) gives the change in the
mean value of Y_t in the next period, (β_0 + β_1+β_2) in the following period, and so on. These
partial sums are called interim or intermediate multiplier. Finally, after k periods, that is =β,
therefore ∑▒β_i is called the long run multiplier or total multiplier, or distributed–lag multiplier. If
we define the standardized β_i^* = β_i/(∑▒β_i ) then it gives the proportion of the long run, or
total, impact felt by a certain period of time. In order for the distributed lag model to make sense,
the lag coefficients must tend to zero as k. This is not to say that 2 is smaller than 1; it only
means that the impact of X_(t–k)on Y_t must eventually become small as k gets large. The
distributed lag plays

The Effect Of Natural Selection
i. Evolution refers to change over time due to natural selection as organisms adapt and diverge to
produce multiple descendant species (Huxley L., Walter M., 2005, p. 698). Two pillars which form
the basis of all current knowledge of evolution originate from the historical record of evolutionary
change, fossil record and the study of the process of evolutionary change, specifically the effect of
natural selection. Recent developments in science, including molecular and developmental biology,
have greatly contributed to the understanding of biological diversity and how evolution has changed
multiple species, particularly the human species (Losos J., 2014, pp. 3). ii. The concept of natural
selection was partially introduced by naturalist Charles Darwin in 1859 when he proposed and
provided scientific evidence to describe evolution as the idea that all species have evolved over time
from common ancestors through the process of natural selection. To survive in a particular
environment, Darwin's theory proposes that natural selection is the mechanism where organisms
must possess attributes that increase their chance of survival in that environment (Chidrawi G.,
Robson M., Hollis S., 2010, pp 114). Therefore, there will be a tendency for these attributes to be
perpetuated and other less appropriate attributes to be lost from the population over successive
generations (Huxley L., Walter M., 2005, pp. 698, 704). iii. Fossils are the remains of dead plants
and animals that have not

Cognitive Theories Of Selective Attention Essay
Critically Discuss the Cognitive Theories of Selective Attention
Kingston University
K1313472
Critically Discuss the Cognitive Theories of Selective Attention
Attention is considered to be a core cognitive process, it refers to how people actively process
specific information in the environment. Attention refers to how people select from information and
stimuli in the environment, facilitating processing of some of the stimuli and inhibiting processing
of others. "Everyone knows what attention is, it is the taking possession by the mind in clear and
vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought...It
implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others, and is a condition
which has a real opposite in the confused, dazed, scatterbrained state. "This definition of attention
was proposed by psychologist William James (1890). This review will focus on literature that gives
explanation to selective attention. Selective attention refers to the process where a person is able to
select out of many stimuli and focus on the one they want and ignore other stimuli.
The cocktail–party effect was investigated in early studies of selective attention. It was first
described by Cherry (1953). It's the observation that even in a noisy environment people are able to
focus their attention on who is talking to them. Cherry (1953) investigated this phenomenon by
conducting a series of dichotic listening and

Marketing Strategy Concepts, Methodology, And Theory
In this part, related literatures about marketing strategy concepts, methodology, and theory, are
reviewed. These concepts, theory and methodology are the foundations of research design of this
work.
2.1 Marketing strategy
The material world is objective while the people's psychologies are very subjective. The same
concepts from different people may mean different implications. The concepts of strategy tend to be
used in many scenarios and embody different meanings. The marketing strategy also has its specific
connotation and extensions. And there are some difference among the academic and practitioner for
this concepts. So, the marketing strategy concept needed clarification.
Grant (2011) defined the strategy as the means by which individuals and organizations to achieve
their goals. From our understanding, the means to achieve goals is the methodology to achieve their
goals. So, the critical part of marketing strategy is the policy and guideline of marketing which
based on the analysis of internal resource and external environments and competitor.
However, many other definitions of strategy are about the goals selection, Recourse allocation,
action procedure, and plans. Such as below definition:
"The determination of the long–run goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of
courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals" –Alfred
Chandler, Strategy and Structure (Robert M. Grant cited in

Kolcaba's Comfort theory : Analysis and evaluation Essay
Kolcaba's Comfort Theory: Analysis and Evaluation In my nursing practice I frequently care for
long term elderly residents on ventilators and who suffer from stage 3 or 4 pressure ulcers, diabetic,
venous ulcers etc. Instead of simply providing pain medications and wound treatment to ease their
pain or giving medications to relax them, I wanted to learn ways to enhance the comfort of these
residents. This led me to learn more about Katherine Kolcaba's theory of comfort. I found her theory
to be useful in understanding the theory of comfort. Hence as a nurse, it became important for me to
analyze, evaluate and research more on its applicability in the world of nursing and also in other
health care disciplines. Level and Scope of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The concepts of the comfort theory are clearly defined and the relationships are easily understood.
This theory is simple and basic to nursing care. The taxonomic structure of comfort facilitates
researchers' development of comfort instruments for new settings (Kolcaba,1991).The first assertion
of the theory stating that effective comfort interventions leads to increased comfort for patients , has
been tested and supported with women with breast cancer (Kolcaba & Fox, 1999), persons with UI
(Dowd, Kolcaba, & Steiner, 2000), persons in hospice (Kolcaba, Dowd, Steiner, & Mitzel, 2004).
And stressed college students (Dowd, Kolcaba, Steiner, & Fashinapaur, 2007). Also, the second
assertion was supported in the UI study, when patients with enhanced comfort showed increased
HSBs. This theory has been a guiding frame for a lot of studies and researches. Some of the areas
are nurse midwifery, perioperative nursing, urinary bladder control, orthopedic nursing, etc. For
clinical practice, the perianesthesia nurses incorporated comfort theory in managing their patients'
comfort. The comfort theory was also used as a teaching philosophy in a fast– track nursing
education program for students. Kolcaba developed the General Comfort Questionnaire to measure
holistic comfort in a sample of hospital and community participants. She also asserts that
emphasizing and

Socioeconomic Status And Mental Health Essay
Enormous amounts of research have linked socioeconomic status to mental health, especially in
children and adolescents. Low poverty levels have been specifically identified as a key causal factor
in developing mental health problems in children. There has been much discussion over the different
theories as to why this is the case, but only two of these theories seem to hold a lot of evidence.
Certain interventions and preventative measures can be employed in order to improve an
individual's mental health by altering socioeconomic status and they have proven to be successful.
Low socioeconomic status has a profound impact on mental health in children; however, if the
appropriate interventions and preventative measures are used, mental health outcomes can be
drastically improved. "Socioeconomic status is a complex construct that is based on household
income, material resources, education, and occupation, as well as related neighborhood and family
characteristics, such as exposure to violence and toxins, parental care and provision of a cognitively
stimulating environment." (Hackman et Al, 2010) Research has shown that low socioeconomic
status has a huge impact on mental health in children and adolescents, primarily due to the
associated stress and effects related to poverty. There are three primary factors or levels through
which poverty affects children/adolescents: individual, relational, and institutional. The first of these
levels, individual factors, are the factors

Gene Based Evolutionary Theories
This week we learned about and studied gene based evolutionary theories that are associated with
criminal and antisocial behavior. Among the theories was the r/K theory. The r/K theory is used in
evolutionary biology and argues that organisms follow a continuum when reproducing (Smith,
2016, p. 17). This theory consists of r and K selection which are basically opposite of one another.
When environmental opportunities allow, organisms near the r end reproduce rapidly and
productively. However when doing so, not much time is invested in their offspring (Cullen, Agnew,
& Wilcox, 2014, p. 71). All of the following are components of r selection: mating is emphasized,
several children are reproduced, early reproduction occurs, and rapid and productive

Sexual Assault In Canada
Sexual assault is one of the most offensive and depraved crimes that exist in our society today. The
physical and psychological toll that this act has on its victims is as incalculable as it is
incomprehensible. A sexual assault in Canada is defined as all incidents of unwanted sexual activity,
including sexual attacks and sexual touching. Victims of these acts reported feeling angry, confused,
frustrated and fearful. The General Social Survey (GSS) on Victimization shows that young women
and girls are at a greater risk for victimization, making them especially vulnerable between the ages
of 15 and 24. It is important to note that the GSS does not include information on anyone under the
age of 14. According to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Proximate causes refer to the immediate event that produce a behaviour or some other phenotypic
trait, including genes, hormones and environmental stimuli. They refer to how such developmental
or physiological mechanisms cause something to happen, but they do not explain why they happen
(Thornhill R., Palmer C., 2000). Ultimate causation refers to why behaviours happen, under what
evolutionary pressures of genetic selection the behaviours evolved. It is important to note that these
adapted for traits or behaviours do not necessarily mean that they are something that we consider to
be moral or desirable, but they were "good" in the terms of natural selection. There is no connection
between what is biological or naturally selected and what is morally right or wrong (Thornhill R.,
Palmer C., 2000). People are driven by proximal influences, but these influences may have been
shaped by ultimate causes (Bennell et al., 2011). They are complements to each other, not
alternatives. What is not understood is if the evolutionary cause of human rape is a result of rape–
specific adaption or a by–product of other adaptions (Thornhill R., Palmer C., 2000).
Finkelhor's Precondition Model
Dr. David Finkelhor is considered to be a pioneer with research that he has conducted with regards
to child sexual abuse. He was the first to propose a factor system explaining why some people
commit

Performing Job Analysis on Complex and Senior Job Roles:...
TOPIC: "Discuss the extent it would be worthwhile performing job analysis on complex and senior
job roles" Since the employment displacement of World War II, employers have attempted to
simplify hiring practices. While originally positions were decided through accomplishment and
experience, modern employers have begun using placement tests to determine through alternative
means who will make excellent leaders within the company. While this practice has proven effective
for lower–level placement positions, modern companies now attempt to use these same measures for
the placement of higher positions including executives. Regardless of two decades of testing, it
seems as though the companies who use this technique are actually at a disadvantage with regard to
the actual outcome. In fact, the turnover rate for executives is proving to be very large. It is this
anomaly that will be discussed and explored within this paper. Introduction Current business
dynamics render the analysis and application of accurate job descriptions deplete of vital
information. Companies must devote attention to defining and articulating job requirements when
hiring senior level executives in order to ensure proper placement of senior candidates. Instead of
creating a brief description of the executive role, those responsible for hiring the candidates should
evaluate each candidate on every aspect of their ability. In fact search committees rarely consider
any depth within the strategic position

Case Study Approach
4.1 Case Study Approach
Case study research bring out the insight of the complex problems and enhance understanding,
knowledge and experience that is already studied though previous research. Case study focus on the
detailed contextual analysis of a limited number of events or relationships between the events. Case
study research have the around for years and researchers have used the technique across many
disciplines for different problems. Across all the domains, the social scientist have made maximum
use of the case study method and benefited maximum from the qualitative research method, to
examine real life problems and provide basis for the ideas and extension of existing methods.
Researches have defined case study as an empirical method ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some researches argued that case study method does not provide the complete picture and provides
a weak reference (Luck, Jackson, & Usher, 2006) (Meyer, 2001) (Thomas, 2010) (Tight, 2010). To
address the problem raised by some researches, the study uses multiple case studies with different
scenarios in the media industry i.e. two different issues in the organization and how managers and
team responded to the problem. Using multiple cases provides richer data, more insights and key
knowledge points that sometimes are missed or overlooked in the first case (Bhattacherjee, 2012).
Similarly, the generalizability can be improved by performing the two different case studies under
the same neutral settings. It helps to come to conclusions and findings in a comprehensive way
(Bhattacherjee, 2012). Three interviews per case are conducted involving an expert and manager
involved in the Business Process IT Decision making, an expert involved in the Business Process IT
implementation and one specialist involved in the other business processes that have direct impact
on the final outcome of the business process, for example after the BPIT decision making and BPIT
implementation, it is really important for the marketing team or the sales team to come up with the
concurrent plans to support the other business processes. The dual interviews help

Effects Of Fibonacci Sequence In Nature
"Fibonacci Sequence in Nature" Introduction: Nature is interesting, wonderful and fascinating. In a
state of equilibrium, animals, plants, insects, and many other things create amazing habitats suited to
their environment and living condition. This is just one of many reasons why nature is so wonderful
and fills one with curiosity and fascination. For example, the design of a shell for a shell gives them
protection and survive in though environment where they have to deal with several different
predators. There are significant amount of species that has ability to camouflage which helps them
to create fascinating habitats. A reindeer eyeballs turn blue during winter to help them see at lower
light levels. Reindeers evolved and adjusted themselves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This kind of spiral is often called as Fibonacci spiral or the Golden spiral. To have the Fibonacci
spiral, we need equation formulated from polar equation. Point A: A(x) = (r(x) cos⁡
x, r(x) sin⁡
x)
When x=0, A(0) = (r(0) cos⁡
0, r(0) sin⁡
0) = (1×1, 0) = (1, 0) Point B: B(x) = (r(x) cos⁡
x, r(x) sin⁡
x)
When x=π/2 B(π/2) = (r(π/2) cos⁡
〖π/2〗, r(π/2) sin⁡
〖π/2〗) = (1.618 × 0, 1.618 × 1) = (0, 1.618)
When x=π C(π) = (r(π) cos⁡
π, r(π) sin⁡
π) = (–2.618 × 1, –2.618 × 0) = (–2.618, 0) From the previous
Table 2 F_n÷F_(n–1) = φ (1.618) (1≤φ≤2) φ= 1.618 φ^2= 2.618 φ^3= 4.236 From here, we
recognize a pattern, you just need to multiply φ for next coordinate. Therefore, D(0, –4.236)
E(6.854, 0) F(0, 11.089) and so on... Coordinates are shown as this, Graph 2 Graph 2 When the lines
are connected, it shows Graph 3. Graph 3 (Extracted) The squares are formed with Fibonacci
sequence where it begins

Organizational Effectiveness Paper
Summary This paper discusses the relative impact of recruitment/selection, training, and
development for organizational effectiveness. First, recruitment and selection is discussed. Job
analysis is very important in the selection process because it provides a realistic job preview and it
identifies relevant traits and abilities needed for the job. Furthermore, predictive validity of several
selection methods are discussed from which work samples, GMA, tests, and structured interviews
are appeared to be the best predictors of future job performance. Second, the impact of training on
organizational effectiveness is discussed. Training design issues are discussed, and it is argued that
training can increase organizational effectiveness ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Job analysis can provide a realistic job preview about what the job will be and therefore reduces
early employee dissatisfaction and turnover (Fisher et al., 2003). Job analysis is also important for
the assessment of job performance in for example 360 degree feedback since a job analysis can set
performance criteria. In this feedback subjective measures are used which are vulnerable to
measurement rating errors like halo–effects (Viswesvaran, Schmidt & Ones, 2005). Nevertheless,
subjective measures might be very useful to assess organizational effectiveness, especially in
relation to HR practices since subjective measures are mainly used to assess HR or organizational
outcomes which are more directly related to HR practices (Dyer & Reeves, 1995). Objective
measures involve actual percentage figures for sales growth or profitability which measure financial
and capital market outcomes and these are more distal and indirectly related outcomes (Dyer &
Reeves, 1995). Once applicants with realistic job expectations are recruited the actual selection
process starts. Selection is the process of choosing from a group of applicants the individual best
suited for a particular position and organization (Mony, Noe & Premeaux, 2002, p. 175). The
recruitment process is very important for this because

Selection And Development Of Talent Management
Selection and Development in Talent Management C4.12 Bellevue University Selection and
Development in Talent Management The shortage of skilled employees combined with tightening
budgets has left many organizations reassessing their talent management investments. Limited
resources and changes in the type of labor needed have left manufacturing firms with the difficult
choice of whether to invest in the development of internal talent or looking outside the firm. The
purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical analysis of the selection or develop of skilled trades
in a large manufacturing organization. War for Skilled Labor Wheeler (1998) suggests that
manufacturing organizations are moving to more advanced and sophisticated processes that require
a workforce with advanced skill sets. The successful recruitment and development of skilled labor is
imperative as technological advances and complex machinery becomes a necessity for
manufacturing companies to remain competitive (Thornhill, 2006). Michaels, Handfield–Jones, and
Axelrod (2001) propose that declining birth rates and earlier retirements could create a skills
shortage in critical areas. They refer to this trend as the impending "War for Talent." The aging
workforce continues to be a growing concern for organizations (Bloom, Canning, & Sevilla, 2003).
Thomas Calo (2008) has sent a call to action for HR professionals. He first warns of the effect the
retirement of baby boomers will have on

Advantages Of Portfolio Optimization
Robust Optimization Approach to Multi–Period Portfolio Selection Progress Report
Introduction
Investors always seek for a way that they can get back greatest return while enjoying minimized
risk. Instead of investing in a single asset, holding a portfolio is obviously less risky. However, how
to select the best portfolio among tens of thousands of assets in today's financial market? The
stringent need of investors promote the raising of modern portfolio theory. In 1952, Harry
Markowitz [1] established the fundamental model of modern portfolio theory: the Markowitz
model, also called the mean–variance model. This model aimed to achieve a tradeoff between the
expected return and the risk of return. As shown in Figure 1, among all efficient portfolios, the
efficient frontier consisted of all those with highest return at each given risk level. C_1,C_2,and C_3
were the investors indifference curves which showed that traders prefer portfolios with high return
or low risk. The tangent point R of the highest indifference curve and the efficient frontier gave the
optimized portfolio. Figure 1: Efficient Portfolio and Trader's Indifference Curve in ... Show more
One direction among them is the robust portfolio optimization. It was carried out to compensate the
instability and sensitivity of the classical optimal model due to the uncertainty of the coefficients of
variables. This paper aims to use the robust optimization techniques to take input uncertainties into
consideration. Moreover, the model achieved should be applicable to multi–period portfolio
selection problems. In the next section, previous studies on this topic were reviewed. The following
section introduced the method used to get the final result. Section 4 discussed the achievement until
now and the problems that have arisen. The final section summarized the current research progress
and possible direction in

Research Abstract on Infant Mortality Rate
KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS
COURSE UNIT: EC223 MONEY AND BANKING
DATE OF SUBMISSION:
NAME: KALULE RICHARD
REG NO: 10/U/66/BEK/GV
SIGNATURE
Money can be defined as any thing that is generally acceptable as a medium of exchange. It can also
be defined as a third commodity that is introduced between two other commodities to facilitate
exchange. Money can therefore be looked at as an instrument that helps in fulfillment of contracts,
discharge of debts and as a standard of deferred payment. Due to the obligation of people to accept
money in the discharge of debts, money is often referred to as legal tender.
The demand for money can be defined as the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore the equation of exchange becomes
Md = PT
Where Md is the demand for money in the economy
This transactions demand for money is in turn determined by the level of full employment income
this is because the classical economists believe in Say's law that "supply creates its own demand
assuming a full level of employment of income in the economy" thus the demand for money in
fisher's approach is a constant proportion of the level of transactions which in turn bears a constant
proportion in the level of national income. Further, the demand for money is linked to the volume of
trade going on in the economy at a given time.

Criticisms of the classical theory
Its underlying assumption is that people only hold money to buy goods and services. People also
hold money to for other reasons, such as to earn interest, and to provide against the unforeseen
circumstances like sickness. It is therefore not possible to say that V will remain constant when M is
changed.
The most important thing about money in the quantity theory of money is that money is transferable
but it does not expeditiously explain why people demand or hold money.
The theory also fails to explain what makes up money. It does not clarify whether to include items
like time deposits, or savings deposits that are not immediately available to pay debts as money
without first converting them into cash.

How Genes and the Environment Operate to Influence Child...
How Genes and the Environment Operate to Influence Child Development
This essay will look firstly at the ideas that have prevailed throughout history, in relation to genes
interacting with the environment, and the human developmental implications of this relationship. It
will briefly outline the theory of Heritability, Evolution, Genetic Determination, Epigenesis,
Developmental Plasticity and a 'transactional' model of development. Secondly the theories of
Genetic determination, Epigenesis and Developmental Plasticity will be compared. Physical and
psychological characteristics of child development will illuminate the differing viewpoints held by
these traditions. Anatomical development, temperament and language will be used as ... Show more
Darwin's ideas being assimilated into popular culture while Lamarck's work languished in obscurity.
Darwin's theory of Evolution proposed 'natural selection' and 'adaptation', that an organism could
only change as a result of 'mutation', a change in the 'genotype' and that mutation had to 'infer' an
advantage in the environment (phenotype) to be selected and therefore passed on. This process
according to Darwin occurred below the level of consciousness [Darwin, 1859]. The organism is in
essence 'blocked off' from its experience, leading to Weismann's idea of a 'barrier' [Weismann, 1885]
and the central view of the genetic paradigm, which is 'reductionistic'.
Lamarck's theory alternatively, is of 'transformational' development, which results from the
organism's experience of its environment [Lamarck, 1809]. Its prerequisite is that of the organism
being 'open' to the experiences of its environment. 'Interaction' occurs at the genetic and
environmental levels. Hence logically leading to the Epigenetic paradigm, which supports the same
holistic, arrangements proposed by Lamarck [Burkhardt, 1977].
Two traditions with developmental implications were influenced as a result of the differing
viewpoints of Darwin and Lamarck; they were Genetic Determination and Epigenesis. Genetic
Determination sees human development as reaching an 'endpoint'; this is in essence 'preformational'.
The environment is only there to explore where children's 'natural' abilities lie. Development is

Gang Membership: Risk Factors for Joining and Effects on...
Risk factors for gang membership have been identified at five major levels: individual, family,
school, peers and community (Howell & Egley, 2005). For example, at the individual level early
onset of delinquency and antisocial behavior among pre–adolescents could be an indication of
future criminality (Moffitt, 1993). Risk factors within peer association can have an effect on
whether an adolescent becomes a member of a gang. These peers may provide antisocial views,
aggressive influences and possibly induce delinquent behavior if not previously present. Lastly,
community environment has an effect on adolescents, especially in high–crime areas where drugs,
violence associated with weapons and disorganization are prominent (Howell & Egley, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Coleman (1998) stated "social capital is productive, making possible the achievements of certain
ends that in its absence would not be possible" (as cited in Laub & Sampson, 1993, p. 310). This
holds accurate with Laub and Sampson (1993) postulating that to become desistance from criminal
activities as an adult, it would require knifing off from delinquency, antisocial behaviors and
associations. Additionally, offenders would need to create social bonds during adulthood through
marriage or employment. Furthermore, impediments social capital can induce premature transitions
of trajectories according to Laub and Sampson (1993).
Gang membership. When adolescents join a gang, the social bonds of conventional society are
disrupted, thus potentially changing future trajectories. Gangs typically produce an increase in
delinquent behavior during membership, as a result "delinquency is indirectly related to future
offending because it leads to school failure, incarceration, and weak bonds, which likely lead to
further adult crime (Piquero, 2011, p. 765). Additionally, human and social capital are not properly
instilled within the adolescents because a lack of prosocial associations. Thus, future trajectories can
be affected even after exiting the gang if he or she remains in similar social worlds. "Experiences
learned and reinforced through gang membership may continue to affect social interactions after
adolescents no longer consider themselves gang

Compare And Contrast Evolution And Creationism
Evolutionism vs. Creationism
Group K Special Topics Assignment # 3
Evolution refers to descent with modification and how populations of organisms change overtime.
The idea was first popularized by Charles Darwin, but had been a theory before his time as well. In
order for evolution to take place, the mechanisms must make very slow changes to organisms that
happen over time. Most evolutionists believe that the earth was created over a long period of time
and is about 5 billion years old. This enables many changes over slow periods of time to occur just
as the theory of evolution suggests. Through natural selection, adaptations are created that benefit
the survival of a species. These adaptations, which factor into natural selection, can only be
achieved through mutations that can be carried on to offspring. Scientists attempt to prove the
theory of evolution through fossil evidence, scientific records, and through ... Show more content on
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Each individual has his or her own ideas and thoughts that may not correspond exactly to the main
ideas within evolution or creationism. Both creationism and evolutionism are present in many
cultures and religious affiliations. A very popular belief among modern individuals is that the ideas
of both evolution and creationism are where our origins arise. One of the more admired forms of
this idea is that god created the earth and life on earth from matter, but some higher power is also
the mechanism of evolution and that god intervenes in actions on earth by deciding the fate of
certain species (god creates mutations). This belief is known by most as theistic evolution. There are
various other theories present in both the religious and scientific community that try to connect the
ideas of evolution with biblical texts and ideas. The debate behind evolution vs. creationism is all
about people trying to figure out the origin of life and where everything came to

Essay about Evidence for Evolution
Evolution and Diversity
Evolution and Diversity The foundation for the theory of evolution was laid by Charles Darwin
(Rose, n.d.). He developed hypotheses about natural selection which helped scientists develop the
theory. Evolution is a theory and not a hypothesis because evolution has been proven by vast
amounts of scientific data, research, and testing. The definition of a hypothesis is an educated
explanation that needs to be researched and tested but has not yet been proven (Earman, 1984).
There has been no scientific evidence to disprove the theory of evolution. The fossil record is
evidence of evolution. Fossils are often fingerprints of evolution. They help scientists track how
species evolved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many die before they are born or hatched depending on species, while many others don't survive
infancy and ultimately into their reproductive years. A portion of those that reach reproductive age
will never reproduce due to sterility or other factors. This is a part of the natural selection process. It
is often referred to as the, "survival of the fittest" (Frederic, 2011). It is hard to truly estimate what
fraction of offspring will survive to reproduction. There are always obstacles to survival for an
organism. Climate, food, habitat, and illness are just a few factors which affect natural selection.
Ultimately we know that some traits can increase survival rates for individuals such as their color.
We know from Darwin's research that a certain beak length was favorable in finches but that was
also dependent on yearly weather (Petren, 2005). Offspring that possess favorable traits are more
capable of surviving into adulthood and thus reproducing. We know from genetics that there is an
increased likelihood that their offspring would also possess that desirable trait. The population of
individuals possessing the trait would increase as more individuals possessing the trait survived to
reproductive years, and fewer without the trait did not. Natural selection can help prevent a species
from going extinct if they were to face adverse conditions that

Business Management : For Newskool Grooves
Business Management
Student's name
University affiliation
Business management
For Newskool Grooves to be successful, it must be in a position to overcome the challenges that the
boundary less organizations face in their day to day operations. Newskool Grooves manager needs
to overcome them by focusing on the management of the boundary that is through showing the
employees the boundaries that matter most and when they can best enact these boundaries.
Problems that occur in boundary less organization like Newskool Grooves
Newskool Grooves managers are unable to link with the workers in other offices, and this has
become an issue. By breaking the organizational structure, it may create a false linkage between the
employees which we realize it is false since the employees are unable to manage their psychological
boundary. For example, a cleaner may feel put down by an accountant once they try to ask questions
in the hopes of working together when the accountant feels the cleaner is getting involved in the
wrong role. Another problem is the managers getting too involved with breaking roles and forgets
their role in the new organization. Managers tend to think that breaking boundaries solve conflicts in
employees, and they will automatically team up which is not the case.
Advantages of boundary less organizations
Advantages of Newskool Grooves are that the personnel do not work separately but rather they
work together thus enhancing teamwork between them. The

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