Kainate Model Research Paper

Kainate Model Research Paper
Unlike the kindling model, the kainate model does not require specialist equipment, nor is it hugely
expensive. Although animals require monitoring after induction of SE, which kindled animals do
not, the initial time to induce Stage V seizures is minimal compared to the weeks of stimulation
involved in kindling. However, kindled animals can have immediate seizures once stimulated,
convenient for those performing the study, whereas there is a time delay in chemoconvulsant
induced epilepsy which is impossible to predict. Seizure severity and frequency can also be highly
variable, however this is not necessarily a disadvantage as human epilepsy is also variable. The
kainate model draws several parallels with the pathophysiology of human epilepsy; neuronal loss,
mossy fibre sprouting and most importantly the process of epileptogenesis (insult, latent period and
spontaneous seizure ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once spontaneous seizures have developed, they will continue for the rest of the animal's lifetime.
The model is simple to establish and does not require any specialist equipment, as kindling does,
which minimises costs. Induction of SE as the original precipitating injury closely resembles human
TLE (similar to the kainate model) and is easier to model in animals than trauma or febrile seizures
27. However, most precipitating injuries in humans occur in the first few years of childhood 33, and
as the optimum time for establishing SE with pilocarpine is PN21, the model is not completely
homologous with human epilepsy. The pilocarpine model has the potential to be refractory to AEDs,
as TLE often presents with pharmacoresistant seizures, however this is yet to be determined. The
model is most suited to investigating biomarkers and fundamental mechanisms of epileptogenesis,
or testing newly emergent drugs from high–throughput screening
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Hypocrisy: The Allusion Of The Apple
Abstractly painted, the piece encapsulates the essence of Claudius in one body with minimalist
design for focus and to show that within the midst of all his complexities, he is yet a human of
morals and beliefs. It goes on to portray his being through the design and color of symbols in order
to represent his inner being. Firstly, the apple of his eye portrays the deception and evil as in the
allusion. His fraudulence is surfaced in many texts as when "[the work he put in] to calm [Laertes']
rage [and his apparent fear for it to] start again" shows his falsehood (IV.VII.193–194). Allusion of
the apple is referenced in the story of the origin of sin sprouting from 'Adam and Eve'. The apple is
darker in some parts that others that reflect light to show that within the bruised hypocrisy lies a
shimmer of hope as he recognizes his evil. It yet displays sprouting within the vines as it debuts
from within to expose the severity of the growth in deceit and its roots appearing from within
himself rather than the work of others. However, the other eye shows a crown full of coins to signify
his sights. As his focus of power causes "murder [for the crown, ambition, and the] queen" his thirst
for power is shown (III.III.55–57). The crown of which he murdered for is the prime ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within the farewell "[for dependence on his] friends, [as he claims to be] but hurt" it shows his
weakness (V.II.319). The single–edged sword is often to be referenced as weak in illusion in
comparison to one double–edged which undoubtedly describes Claudius as he cries for help. The
wooden handle brings the touch of personality poverty in the root and the blue backing portrays his
stabbing occurring from those kin and close as blue is identification of those close as relatives. It's
power to cut into him even as it is single–edged endorses the favor of his weakness cutting

Why Do Teens Exhibit Outrageous Behavior
Teenage years can be both stressful and unusual. Throughout adolescence, teenagers can be like an
emotional roller coaster but, don't be alarmed it is perfectly normal. Teens tend to express erratic
behavior during the years before adulthood. The behavior of teens can better be expressed through
lessons of teenage psychology. This research paper will explain why teens exhibit outrageous
behavior, and how to interact with them during this period of their life.
In essence, the reason for erratic behavior during adolescence is because the brain is being reshaped
and reconstructed. Three primary processes occur during this change. The three processes are called
myelination, pruning, and sprouting. During these procedures, the brain speeds up some major
information nerves and hormones and slows down or closes minor ones. This causes fluctuating
emotions such as mood swings, careless decisions, etc. According to Friedman, "Different regions
and circuits of the brain mature at very different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nutrition is essential for a teen to have a healthy mind, body, and spirit. Poor nutrition in a teen can
make that them physically and mentally unhealthy. Hedaya argues," One of the most overlooked and
problematic issues for teens is nutrition. The amygdala and other areas of the brain undergoing
myelination (to make those connecting superhighways operate really fast) require healthy fats"
(Hedaya, 2010). He also states," Getting enough zinc is a challenge for teens because their growing
bones take much of the body supply of zinc, leaving the brain in short supply. This shows up as
irritability and moodiness" (Hedaya, 2010). I completely agree and support the author on this
perspective. I was malnourished at one time and I know from personal experience that not having
the essential vitamins that your body needs can be tough, not just physically, but mentally

What Does Basketball Mean To Me
Basketball, dance, family, friends are some the things that mean the most to me and symbolize me.
These things also describe me and my personality. The first symbol that represents me is the
basketball. Basketball has been a big part of my life since I was about 8 years old. The game of
basketball is just passion that I grew up just loving since the first day I step on the court. The sport
was a stress reliever that let me escape every time it came to playing during games or the long
practices. It's a distraction that helped me through hard times. I love the competitiveness in the
game, I love the rush it gives you once you're defending a person, and you're giving all your energy ,
more to protect your basket and trying to get the ball in your hands. Without playing basketball my
life would kinda be boring. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Family always comes first, before anything. My family and I are very close. Many things have
happened to make us grow closer, which makes our relationship better. Growing up with a big
family , no matter what the problem is you will always have Someone there to help you through it.
My mom and dad had grown up with very close family, and large. Which means 10x bigger for me.
Most people would love, big family I would think. I also very thank full to have both grandparents
and have my both great grandmas , and very lucky and blessed to have a great great grandma who is
still alive. As being categorized as Mexican may people think the worse of our community, people
usually just think of our candies and food, etc. People should realize how close as families we are,
that is why I cherish family so

Pathological Pain
In order to fully answer this question, it is important to understand the definition of pain. The
International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional
experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage"
(Mersky and Bogduk ed 1994). The physiological function of the pain sensory system is protective
in nature, to shield the body from actual or potential tissue damage. Pathological pain, on the other
hand, is described as "spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia, that persist for years or decades
after all possible tissue healing has occurred" (Coderre et al 1993).
Nociceptors are peripheral sensory neurons that detect the physical sensation of ... Show more
There are many mechanisms for the sensitisation of nociceptors. A common scenario for this
occurrence is when peripheral tissue is subjected to exogenous injury, whether it be mechanical,
chemical, or toxic. Injury results in localised increase in inflammatory mediators, leading to the
sensitisation of nociceptors. Upregulation and increased expression of various membrane receptors
is the most common mechanism. Ionotropic receptors, Gq protein–coupled metabotropic receptors,
Gs protein–coupled metabotropic receptors, and mitogen–activated protein kinase have been shown
to be upregulated in nociceptors in response to the presence of inflammatory mediators (Sessle ed
2008). The resultant effect is increased conductance, lowered threshold for the initiation of action
potentials, spontaneous depolarisation, and increased after–discharges to supra–threshold stimuli
(Sessle ed 2008). Sprouting, or the growth of neuronal axons into the damaged tissue, also
contributes to pathological pain. Increased number of nociceptive axons increases the opportunity
for spatial and temporal summation and activation of nociceptors, which under normal conditions
would not be activated. Sufficient concentration of inflammatory mediators can also lead to the
activation of nociceptors which do not participate in the detection of noxious stimulus (Sessle ed
2008). With an increased number of nociceptors feeding back to the CNS, the sensation of pain is

Essay about Micro Lab Project
Quantitative & Semi–quantitative Viable Plate Counts
Molly Wright, Jenny Cano, Rosa Ramirez
BIOL 2420 Lab M/W
4/20/15
Professor Rotibi
ABSTRACT: Accurate evaluation of bacterial colonization as a predictive index for alfalfa sprouts
has relied on a quantitative culture technique that provides exact colony counts per gram of tissue by
culture of five serial dilutions of the alfalfa water. In this study 1 package of alfalfa sprouts were
cultured by a semi–quantitative technique that enumerated the number of gram–negative enteric
organism in 1 ml of alfalfa water. Exact colony counts from the experiment were available only
from cultures 10–2 and 10–3 CFUs. Other colony counts were reported as less than 10–3 or greater
than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Preparing serial dilutions of the alfalfa water will ensure an accurate count. The plates are incubated
until you see visible colonies, usually 18–24 hours. The colonies you see growing on the plate are
considered to have started from one viable bacterial unit but because bacteria are usually not found
as individuals, the colony you see may have started from a single cell or a group of cells. The results
are reported as colony forming units (CFU's).
Materials:
–1 pkg. of alfalfa sprouts purchased at a local grocery store or farmer's market, submerged in 100 ml
of sterile, distilled water. (Any other food or beverage item may be substituted for alfalfa sprouts)
–Graduated pipettes (sterile)
–Pipettor
–5 tubes containing 9 ml of sterile water
–5 MacConkey Agar plates
–Glass hockey stick
–Jar of alcohol
–Bunsen burner
–Flint striker
–Microscope slide & Glass coverslips
Method:
1. Make a wet mount (Ex 12) of a small sample of the alfalfa water. Examine at 1000X total
magnification using high contrast. This will illustrate how many organisms, both motile and non–
motile, are present in the sample.
2. Make 10–old dilutions according to the diagram (Fig. 16.2).

3. Use a sterile pipette to transfer 0.1 ml of each dilution on to a MacConkey agar plate.
4. Wet a glass hockey stick in alcohol and pass through a flame to ignite. Wait approximately 30
seconds for the glass to cool.
5. Spread the 0.1 ml sample out with the glass hockey stick

Poem Analysis Of Pruning By Jim C. Wilson
"Pruning", a poem by Jim C. Wilson is a short but meaningful poem about a gardener cutting away
weeds and dead leaves. The author Jim C. Wilson uses this poem to share his thoughts to the world.
He uses this poem to explain the concept of death. Jim C. Wilson wrote this person because of his
personal experiences as a child and adult. The concept of this poem applies to all people, as every
person will eventually die. Therefore, this poem aims to prove that even though death is inevitable,
happiness is earned by helping others. The speaker of this poem is a gardener, most likely the author
himself. Wilson uses figurative language to explain why death brings happiness to life
The author uses symbolism to communicate his own mortality. While the gardener cuts his plants he
thinks about his own failures. Wilson writes, "No sharp shears will make me sprout, or slow my
geriatric trend."(11–12). The gardener of this story uses secateurs to cut his plants. If the plants were
left by themselves, they would not be able to flourish. Therefore the shears in this portion symbolize
outside help, as the plants would not be able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout the poem the gardener grooms his plays. They state: "I dock the dead, the damaged, and
diseased... I stand knee–deep in bits, well–pleased I've put a few squares of world to rights" (1–4)
and "So wrinkling, stiffening, stooping, short of breath, I spend my weekends saving plants from
death." (13–14). Most people associate destruction with death, damage, and disease; while
wrinkling, stiffening, stooping, and being short of breath are all solid signs of old age. Although the
gardener is steadily growing older, and they can't help themselves, they get satisfaction from helping
their plants grow and overcome death. Even though it requires constant labour, the satisfaction from
saving the plants keep the gardener in high spirits every

The Reunification Palace
ON THE steps of the Reunification Palace in Ho Chi Minh City, a guide recounts the final, dramatic
moments of the Vietnam war. On the morning of April 30th 1975, two tanks of the "liberation
forces" crashed through the gates of what was then the presidential palace of South Vietnam, in what
was then Saigon. One of the tank commanders raced to the roof to tear down the flag of the
American–backed regime and raise a communist banner in its stead, symbolically reuniting the two
halves of the country and putting an end to 30 years of conflict. The guide himself, however, does
not seem very stirred by this story. He tells it only halfway through his tour, as one of a number of
historical anecdotes. Like most Vietnamese, he was born after the war,

A Short Story : The Story Of Roanoke Island
It was a day like any other when the waves began. On Roanoke Island, the colonists had little
connection with the outside world. Nevertheless, they built a large and cheerful civilization on the
island. In the center of their largest town, a girl was running with a tiny dog, which had a collar with
the name "Scruffles" engraved onto it. A man was selling bread nearby. A mom was caring for two
babies, and three little boys were throwing rocks at the side of a building. Scruffles suddenly
stopped running and perked up his ears. The little girl looked at him, confused. The boys stopped
throwing rocks and looked at each–other's heads.
"Hey Sherbert! You hair is standing up!" It was true. Everyone's hair on the island stood up and a
strange buzzing filled the air. All became quiet, but the buzzing stayed burning in their ears. People
started screaming, and the little girl fell to the ground. Everything caught flame and the mother
huddled her babies on the ground in the corner of the town square. Buildings crumbled, and the
ground shook. There was a blinding light, and then a beautiful forest faded into view on Roanoke
island. A small and slightly confused dog stood in the middle of a daisy patch. It watched a hand
sink into the earth, burning, and right where it disappeared, a daisy sprouted. The dog looked
around, and there were no homes, no sidewalks, no babies, no treats. There were just beautiful trees,
birds, grasses, and ponds.
Two men are sitting on leather seats

The Fault In Our Stars Comparison
The Fault in Our Stars was a book with an amazing plot and characters. The characters were easy to
relate to and love. The love story simply was fantastic; I really enjoyed following the adventures of
Hazel and Gus!
Even though Hazel and Augustus are both intelligent teens who are aware of the of the world,
sometimes they sound like sixty year old people. This leads up to some boring thoughts. For
example, "Why are breakfast foods breakfast foods? Like, why don't we have curry for breakfast?"
Hazel, do I honestly care about your laments? No.
Augustus and Hazel's love affair was way too fast for me. The love between both of them suddenly
appeared, like "poof!" from the sky. They dated for two months, and then broke up. Most people
said they

Denervated Muscle Observation Research
Denervated muscle undergoes changes that deteriorate the functional outcomes after reinnervation.
The main factors are progressive muscle atrophy, loss of functional motor endplates and changes of
intramuscular innervation. A denervation period of 6 months leads to a reduced number of muscle
fibers, which are smaller in size, and to decreased tetanic force. (Gutmann and Young 1944,
Gutmann 1948, Fu and Gordon 1995b) The number of functioning motor endplates after 6 months
of denervation is reduced to 75%, which is attributed to atrophy, fibrosis and slow motor endplate
regeneration and re–innervation. (Gutmann and Young 1944) Following denervation, intramuscular
nerve fibers undergo changes that lead to the outgrowth of axons along the surface of denervated
muscle. (Gutmann and Young 1944, Fu and Gordon 1995b) After 8 months of denervation, atrophy
results in increasingly poor functional outcomes, as progressive muscle fiber loss occurs. (Gutmann
1948, Irintchev, Draguhn et al. 1990) The loss of muscle satellite cells, which are ... Show more
found that motor unit twitch force remains constant or is even slightly increased following chronic
denervation, challenging the theory that denervated muscle cannot be re–innervated, as believed
since the findings of Gutmann. (Gutmann 1948, Fu and Gordon 1995a) Compensatory enlargement
through the incorporation of denervated muscle fibers into adjacent motor units, by collateral
sprouting, can make up for a loss of up to 80% of motoneurons of a muscle, as motor unit expand
their size 3 to 5 fold. (Gordon, Yang et al. 1993) After 6 months of denervation maximal motor unit
expansion through collateral sprouting was found, even though functional recovery was poor. (Fu
and Gordon 1995b) These findings demonstrate that both the reduced number of axons reaching
denervated motor endplates and atrophic muscle changes, respectively, influence poor functional
outcomes after nerve injury. (Fu and Gordon 1997, Furey, Midha et al.

Market Research Plan
Lodgepole Creek Certified Organic Foods Market Research Plan For Dr. Bensen Prepared by:
Stephanie Disney 1 Executive Summary of research and findings Lodgepole Creek Certifies
Organic Foods would like to know who they should be marketing to, in order to receive the best
results for their company's success. They would also like to know how to best appeal to this
marketing mix to gain their loyalty and to compete within the market. Three research objectives are
identified: who should Lodgepole Creek's marketing mix consist of; research should be done to see
how Lodgepole Creek can gain their loyalty. Researching and understanding what consumers want
from organic sprouting companies will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lodgepole Creek Certified Organic Foods was founded in 1999. LC is committed to a healthier way
of eating, one sprout at a time. LC grows and harvests a wide variety of products at their most
nutritious stage; sprouts. Lodgepole Creek does not have a lot of competition. However,

New York City's Concrete Jungle
The graffiti I picked is a plane white flower painted on a dark green board. The flower is short and
almost invincible to a bystander who is on a rush, no bigger than a notebook. Place right on the the
edge between the floor and the board, this gives it an effect of realism, as if it was an actual flower
sprouting from the ground but instead of ground it is sprouting for the concrete. To me this adds to
the popular nickname that New York City has " Concrete Jungle". The shape is the flower is very
simple, almost as if a child had painted it; this creates the illusion of innocence, which in this day
and age is rare. The smell of the surrounding area was a very humid like smell which is a complete
contrast of what you would smell if you were

The Objective Measurement Of Alpha Amylase
The objective measurement of alpha amylase activity is used every day to ensure the quality of our
staple foods. Alpha amylase is taken into account well before baking our foods and milling the
grains. We will be reviewing what alpha amylase is, how it is measured and what effects it has in the
industry all the way from the farm, to your fork. Alpha amylase is a protein enzyme present in grains
that have starch. It is also present in humans, most commonly in saliva (Murray). The main purpose
for alpha amylase is to break down, or hydrolase, polysaccharides, such as starch (Murray). When
alpha amylase breaks down starch and glycogen, they cause a chemical reaction that creates the
sugars maltose and glucose. Alpha amylose is also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The breakdown of starches into sugars gives the plant a food source to help it grow. In the 1970's,
Australian wheat farmers were suffering because their wheat crop was being bought at a reduced
rate due to high alpha amylase activity (Csiro). This was caused by LMA, or late maturity alpha
amylase. LMA is a genetic defect that causes high alpha amylase activity before harvest (Csiro).
This meant that the wheat could not be stored as long and had poor milling qualities. As a result, in
1980, Australians recognized late maturity alpha amylase as a genetic defect in their wheat, along
with pre–harvest sprouting, or PHS (Csiro). Late maturity alpha amylase is caused only by genetics,
where pre–harvest sprouting can be caused by growing conditions, such as heavy rainfall. Today in
Australia, wheat breeders have to test through two cycles of wheat before they pick what wheat lines
they will breed and release to the farmers (Csiro). Even though they screen their wheat for LMA and
PHS, wheat can still be susceptible to high alpha amylase activity, which will then become the
millers responsibility. In the flour mill, if incoming wheat has high alpha amylase activity the miller
must blend the wheat with wheat that has low alpha amylase activity, in order to create a blend with
the proper amount of amylase activity. If the incoming wheat has too high amylase activity, the
wheat will be rejected and the farmer will receive an even more income reductions. Millers

Sprouting Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre–existing
vessels. This is distinct from vasculogenesis, which is the de novo formation of endothelial cells
from mesoderm cell precursors. The first vessels in the developing embryo form through
vasculogenesis, after which angiogenesis is responsible for most, if not all, blood vessel growth
during development and in disease. Angiogenesis is a normal and vital process in growth and
development, as well as in wound healing and in the formation of granulation tissue40. However, it
is also a fundamental step in the transition of tumors from a benign state to a malignant one, leading
to the use of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. The essential ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Intussusception was first observed in neonatal rats. In this type of vessel formation, the capillary
wall extends into the lumen to split a single vessel in two. There are four phases of intussusceptive
angiogenesis. First, the two opposing capillary walls establish a zone of contact. Second, the
endothelial cell junctions are reorganized and the vessel bilayer is perforated to allow growth factors
and cells to penetrate into the lumen. Third, a core is formed between the 2 new vessels at the zone
of contact that is filled with pericytes and myofibroblasts. These cells begin laying collagen fibers
into the core to provide an extracellular matrix for growth of the vessel lumen. Finally, the core is
fleshed out with no alterations to the basic structure. Intussusception is important because it is a
reorganization of existing cells. It allows a vast increase in the number of capillaries without a
corresponding increase in the number of endothelial cells. This is especially important in embryonic
development as there are not enough resources to create a rich microvasculature with new cells
every time a new vessel

Analysis Response: The Coming Of The Plague By Weldon Ke
Poem analysis response "The Coming of the Plague" by Weldon Kees is about relationships ending
and how there are many signs. Literally, the poem is about a disease and the signs that the disease is
coming. Figuratively, the poem is about when a relationship is about to end and the many signs that
the end is coming. In "The Coming of the Plague" there are many signs that the plague is coming.
"Badgers and snakes, abandoning/ Their holes in the field; the fruit gone rotten;/ Queer fungi
sprouting; the fields and woods/ Covered with spiderwebs; black vapors/ Rising from the earth".
This quote shows some of the many signs that the plague is coming soon. These occurrences
represent changes lead to a bigger event. This relates to the meaning,

Sprouting Hope Research Paper
Sprouting Hope community garden is located in Hungry Mother State Park Marion, Virginia. During
the Emory and Henry's "Service Plunge" Dr. Davis' Transitions I class spent time volunteering to
weed the garden. The garden is run by Jason Von Kundra, an enthusiastic leader for this non–profit
organization. The garden allows low income families from the surrounding areas to have healthier
eating options by providing them with the opportunity to participate in growing their own food.
Sprouting Hope is an organization that exemplifies the traditions we as a country have lost. The
importance of eating healthy food has diminished over time. As a nation our eating habits are now
influenced by factors such as work, convenience and the overall fast pace of the twenty first century.
A community garden helps the people involved connect on so many levels. Food is an item that can
be connected to almost anything imaginable. This non profit garden allows members of the
community to work together and to watch their efforts succeed as the garden prospers. The idea of
the community garden is phenomenal. The main focus of the garden is for the volunteers to be able
to give back and to share their connections as well as the beautiful produce that results from their
efforts. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the farming community has diminished significantly, it is paramount for the participants to
learn these lessons. The garden project provides classes on eating healthy, teamwork and proper
agricultural skills. The United States is flooded with fast, over processed food. Having this food so
readily available has caused people to forget about putting the time and effort into gardening. It is
essential that the future adults of the United States learn the importance of being healthy. Although
Sprouting Hope may be a small organization, it has managed to expand its garden twice and now
has dozens of produce

George Orwell's A Hanging
In George Orwell's "A Hanging", he initiates with his description of the weather in Burma, which
portrays "a saddening morning" with "a sickly light, like yellow tinfoil". The use of this perception
adds an eerie environment that creates a sinister and unease mood which grows more by this
particular simile. Orwell mentions his memory of the hanging of a Hindu man. Orwell comments
that the Hindu man was "a puny wisp of a man, with a shaven head and vague liquid eyes," and that
the prisoner wore "a thick, sprouting moustache". Orwell's initial description of the Hindu is
ridiculously cartoonish. While the man is move to the gallows, avoids a puddle so as to safeguard
that his feet don't get wet. Orwell found this intrusive given the fact that

Nepalese People In America
Not very long ago there was an earthquake in Nepal. It caused devastating destruction. All, or
almost all of their possessions were decimated. This was the case for many. Due to this, many were
given permission to seek refuge in America. Over the past few years, I've noticed there has been
quite a rapid influx of individuals, particularly in people of Asian descent in my neighborhood.
These people as you can see are Nepalese. A decent amount of them at least. One thing I have
definitely noticed though, is a good portion of their people don't speak very legible English. Not
only this, but also the average Pittsburgher likely doesn't know how to speak such a language.
Whether people like it or not, a lot of newly immigrated people to America

Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Study
Intensive brain injury, whatever its cause, is related with significant short–term and long–term
morbidity and Mortality. Recently, stroke has been categorized as a medical emergency and several
clinical trials have been done to find effectual therapies. A variety of insults can make worse the
initial traumatic brainninjury and preventing or minimizing such insults represents a form of brain
protection. Neuroprotective agents that can limit secondary tissue loss or recover behavioral results
have been recognized in multiple animal models of acute brain injury.
Neurorestorative events include neurogenesis, gliogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptic plasticity and
axonal sprouting. neuroprotection mentions to the relative preservation of neuronal structure or
function. Numerous mechanisms behind neurodegeneration are the same. General mechanisms
consist of increased levels in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity,
inflammatory alters, iron accumulation, and aggregation of protein. Some of neuroprotective
treatments including Glutamate antagonists, Caspase inhibitors, Trophic factors, Anti protein
aggregation agents, Therapeutic hypothermia, Erythropoietin has been reported to protect nerve cells
from hypoxia–induced glutamate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
TBI has an impressive impact on the health of the nation: It Cause of death for 15–20 % of people
aged 5 – 35 years old and 1% of all adults have lost their lives due to this problem [1].It is well
demonstrated that the main determinant of the result from TBI is the intensity of the primary injury,
which is irremeable. Although, secondary injury, primarily cerebral ischaemia, happening in the
post–injury phase, may be because of intracranial hypertension, hypoxia, systemic hypotension,
hyperpyrexia, hypoglycaemia and hypocapnia all of which have been revealed to independently
desperate survival after Traumatic brain injury

Phoenix: The Uncontrollation Of Phoenix
The constellation I have chosen for this assignment is the minor constellation, Phoenix. This
constellation is known for its location in the southern sky and, along with Grus, Pavo, and Tucana, it
is a Southern Bird (named for its location as seen from Earth). It is named after the phoenix, a
powerful creature with many magical abilities, and that is what drew me to using it for this
assignment.
There several interesting creation stories for this constellation from several ancient cultures. The
most interesting, however, seems to be the one thought up by the ancient Egyptians (and, largely, the
Greeks). They explained that this "bird" of the sky was a wonderful creature able to turn into ash
and be reborn from those ashes. This constellation

Unburned Species Diversity
Comparison of the species and their importance values in the sampled communities of the opposing
sides of Coal Road clearly showed a dominant species in the burned region while a more shared
community in the unburned region. In the burned region, chestnut oak dominated the area with an
importance value of 157.84 compared to the rest of the tree species ranging from 11 to 49. On the
other hand, in the unburned side the species were similarly distributed with chestnut oak and scarlet
oak having the largest importance values of 58.67 and 53.40 respectively. However, the other tree
species followed rather closely; mockernut hickory had an importance value of 37.67, blackgum had
an importance value of 35.34, and the rest of the species' importance values ranged from 10 to 25.
Species diversity is usually characterized by an absence of a dominant species. This implicates the
unburned side of Coal Road has greater diversity than the burned side. This differs from our
hypothesis, as we predicted the prescribed fire region would produce more species diversity while
the unburned side would exhibit less species ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Species richness is the number of tree species. The species richness was 7 for the burned side of
Coal Road compared to 11 for the unburned side. Species evenness is calculated using Shannon's
diversity index by dividing Shannon's diversity index 'H' by the natural logarithm of species
richness. On the burned side of Coal Road, the species evenness was 0.0205 while on the unburned
side of Coal Road the species evenness was 0.0411. The combination of greater species richness and
evenness confirms the unburned side of Coal Road is more diverse than the burned side of Coal
Road. Thus, our hypothesis is incorrect that the burned region would produce more species diversity
while the unburned region would exhibit less species

Alfalfa Sprouts
To take action, one must decide if there is enough evidence to implicate the alfalfa sprouts and
sufficient information on which to take action. Although the investigators had solid epidemiologic
evidence to implicate the alfalfa sprouts at this point, the main difficulty with taking action was
insufficient data to recall a product such as a lot number or sprouted. So, the team decided additional
studies were necessary. In addition, a closer examination of the twelve cases that reported not eating
alfalfa sprouts might be helpful in identifying other routes of infection. Changes in product
processing (e.g., aseptic seed production methods, irradiation of seeds), if possible, are likely to be
the most effective form of intervention in this instance. The other two require behavioral and
attitudinal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the immediate problem, all remaining seeds and alfalfa sprouts from the implicated lot should be
removed from the market. People who have purchased sprouts from the implicated lot should be
instructed to destroy any remaining sprouts or return them to the store which they were purchased.
One might want to examine other lots of seed used for sprouting from these same producers. If there
is evidence for fecal contamination, other lots intended for human consumption should also be
removed from the market. The producers of these particular seeds should be informed of the need to
protect alfalfa and other seeds used in sprouting from contamination during growing, harvesting,
and packing. Specific sources of contamination should be identified and eliminated from these
growing sites. Addressing seed sprouts as a high risk vehicle for foodborne diseases is a more
difficult task. Sprouts appear to be at increased risk for contamination with foodborne pathogens for
the following reason: The seeds used to produce sprouts are a natural product, grown in the dirt,
surrounded by dirt and the associated feces and bacteria. Therefore, the risk of contamination of the

Brain Healing Research Paper
Brain Healing: This is a picture of brain cells. There is a lot of controversy between the brain
healing itself and not. There is some research that the brain tries to heal itself when damaged.
Apparently brains can make new nerve cells by a process called neurogenesis. This is picture that
shows neurogenesis. First the cells form. Half of the cells formed die off. Some of the cells become
support cells. Only a small percent are stem cells that can become nerve cells. There is now research
on new nerve–cell growth and how it can be maximized and directed toward the most damaged
areas of the brain. There are rehabilitation therapies that stimulate sprouting of existing nerve cells,
causing them to make connections to other nerve cells. The brain can recruit surviving parts to take
over the functions of the damaged areas. Bone Healing: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When a bone is broken the following things happen: a blood clot forms around the break. Inside the
blood clot, special cells called phagocytes begin cleaning bone fragments and killing any germs
which might have gotten in around the break. Phagocytes are part of the immune system. Next, a
soft callus made mostly of collagen is created around the fracture by another special group of cells
called chondroblasts. This stage can last anywhere from 4 days to 3 weeks. A hard callus forms next
as osteoblast cells create new bone, adding minerals to make it hard. This stage typically begins 2
weeks after the break, and ends somewhere between the 6th and 12th week. Lastly, the bone is
remodeled. Special cells called osteoclasts break down extra bone around the fracture until it's
completely healed and returned to its original shape. This stage typically begins 2 weeks after the
break, and ends somewhere between the 6th and 12th

The Pros And Cons Of Domestic Terrorism
Terrorism has been around since the time of the romans and the greeks. It is a tactic used to inspire
fear into others and set an example to others what the perpetrators are capable of. When the use of it
was first put to action it was not a very big deal. Now in present day, technology has driven us
further along with unrest sprouting more ways for it to be used in many different forms. Domestic
terrorism and abroad are both equally dangerous and terrifying.
The threat of right–wing extremists is growing and should not be taken as a light matter. In a short
amount of time, only five years, nine right–wing activists were in indicted for their roles in
politically motivated murders and other types of ideologically motivated violent assaults.

Sprouting Hope Case Study
At Sprouting Hope community garden is located in Hungry Mother State Park Marion, Virginia.
During the Emory and Henry's "Service Plunge" Dr. Davis' transitions I class spent their time
volunteering to weed the garden. The garden is ran by Jason Von Kundra, an enthusiastic leader for
this non–profit organization. The garden allows low income families from the surrounding areas to
have healthier eating options. The opportunity to learn the importance of nature and the process of
growing ones food. Sprouting Hope is an organization that exemplifies the traditions we as a
country has lost. The importance of healthy food has diminished over time due to factors such as
work, convenience and the overall fast pace of the twenty first century.
The

Ischemic Stroke Research Paper
Abstract:
Ischemic stroke is a prevalent and harmful disease that often results in permanent neurologic deficit.
Currently, there is a dearth of therapeutic options available to improve patients' functional recovery
after stroke. A number of factors impede healing in the central nervous system, including glial
scarring, a relative lack of stem cells, and growth–inhibitory proteins located in the extracellular
matrix and on cell surfaces. Myelin–associated inhibitors of neurite outgrowth, found on
oligodendrocytes, represent a significant obstacle to the process of cortical reorganization that
occurs during recovery from infarction. Recent research has identified the mechanisms by which
these inhibitors act in the setting of stroke, paving the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Compared to injury modalities such as spinal cord transection or brain trauma, stroke is unique in
that it induces a degree of neurite sprouting, though in a manner restricted in location and duration.
For approximately one month after stroke occurs, a significant region of peri–infarct cortex is
characterized by a molecular milieu that is permissive to axon outgrowth, with downregulation of
inhibitory molecules such as CSPGs [34]. Myelin–associated inhibitors are modulated in the same
area during this period of time, though the specific effects differ with age [35]. Importantly, this
growth–permissive region corresponds to an area of the brain that displays reorganizing cortical
activity after stroke via fMRI, and the level of this activity is strongly correlated with the patient's
functional outcome [10, 34]. This suggests that pharmacologic manipulation of neurite outgrowth
inhibitors has the potential to enhance physiologic repair mechanisms. Blockade of myelin–
associated inhibitors could extend the growth permissive zone spatially and temporally, leading to
greater cortical

Summary Of The Dark Tower By Countee Cullen
"The Dark Tower" a poem written by Countee Cullen is about African American slaves and their
struggles to achieve freedom. In the poem Cullen hopes for the end of slavery which will come. He
concludes that the solution of the problem is to simply wait and be patient for freedom will come.
Countee Cullen uses authors craft including, form, imagery and diction which all contributes the
overall theme of the abolishment of slavery in her poem. "The Dark Tower" is a Petrarchan sonnet,
which divides the poem into two different parts. The first part is an octave that states the problem of
the poem; the second part of the poem is a sestet that gives a solution. Cullen uses this to divide his
poem into the longing for slavery and then the solution,

Alfalfa Sprouts, The Newest Pathogen Carrier
Alfalfa Sprouts, the Newest Pathogen Carrier
In the world today, nobody is safe. Whether it is from terrorist attacks, falling meteors or food
outbreaks. Recently, there have been food produce outbreaks related to raw sprouts, especially
alfalfa sprouts. These outbreaks have been related mostly to the pathogens Escherichia Coli
0157:H7 and Salmonella. Some symptoms related to these pathogens include diarrhea, cramps,
stomach pain, and potential fever. These symptoms alone make people want to be extra careful when
picking out their produce at the supermarket. The hardest part of these outbreaks are that people are
dealing with raw spouts. Raw sprouts can be a great carrier of these pathogens, and there are no one
way to get rid of every single pathogen exactly (Winthrop et al., 2002). These outbreaks can be from
poor cleaning practices, imports of produce from other countries, or buying from larger food chains.
In recent years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have set new regulations and standards
that people who are producing raw sprouts, alfalfa sprouts, need to follow in order to reduce the
amount of outbreaks related to E. coli, Salmonella, and other related pathogens. There are multiply
different ways to treat raw sprouts from seeds to full growth. No one way is right, but it is
recommended that people do whatever possible to keep consumers and themselves safe. Some of
these regulations that are put in place, include the disinfection of seeds and sprouts, as

Symbolism In Zora Neale Hurtson's Sweat
From what I've been learning throughout my English classes, a symbol is a person, place, or an
object that has a meaning. It can as well stand for an emotion or indication. The use of symbols can
indicate thoughts and talents by providing them with a symbolic sense that differ that of their
fictional logic. Two of the symbols that come up in the story "Sweat" written by Zora Neale
Hurtson, are the skillet and the Chinaberry tree. Before we go any further, the theme in this story can
be determined to be women empowerment. As Delia stands up to Sykes, a new woman is sprouting.
Delia's survival instincts kick in and she snatches an iron skillet. As Sykes was in a shocking stance,
Delia was ready to strike while standing in a defensively posture.

The Garlic Rainforest
Garlic mustard was introduced from Europe either accidently or intentionally as a cooking herb in
the United States. Within a short time span, they can spread from small area by overtaking large
forest area. The seeds of the garlic mustard remain in the soil for five or more years. The plant
identification phase is formed by the leaves being alternative, being triangular to heart shaped, or
being scalloped edged and also giving off an odor of garlic when crushed. This odor can be used for
distinguishing between garlic mustard from native plants such as evergreen violets, piggy– back
plant and fringecup plants as well. It will also help to distinguish non– native plants such as the
silver dollar plant.
Garlic mustard has two growing seasons. The first growing season is in early March and then the
second growing season occurs in April. The second growing season includes plants that have flower
stalks that range from 12 to 48 inches tall. It is also topped with a cluster of white, four petaled
flowers. The seeds of garlic mustard form in narrow, green seed pods ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This method involves cutting the shrub off close to the ground and then applying an herbicide to the
cut surfaces using a spray bottle, paintbrush or roller. After the cut, whether to use oil or water
soluble herbicide depends on the timing of the herbicide application left there. Herbicides that is
used with water should be applied to the ⅓ outer top of the stump within minutes of making cut.
When utilizing oil in herbicide, plan to cut and then later return to treat the stumps. Thus, applying
oil soluble to entire top and sides of the cut stump, but it should be applied in excessive amount.
Applications applying should be avoided during spring as this lessens the effectiveness of the
herbicide application. Thus, late summer or early fall seasons are proven to be effective for applying
herbicides on the

Effect Of Competition Lab: Intraspecific And Interspecific...
Competition Lab Intraspecific and Interspecific Competition
Objectives:
1. To assess the effect of competition among plants at different population densities on the growth of
plants
2. To assess the relative competitiveness of two species of plants when they are planted together
Background:
Competition is an interaction between organisms in which both are harmed by the interaction.
Competition can occur among members of the same species and is called intraspecific competition
or it can occur between members of different species, in which case is called interspecific
competition. Competition of animals can involve: fights over food, water, nesting sites or mates; or
may involve less overt forms of conflict such as greater height allowing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Place in a warm, well–lit place.
6. Examine daily and water the plants when the surface becomes dry.
7. After three weeks, remove the plants from each pot, including roots.
8. Weigh the total biomass produced from each pot, determine the average biomass per plant, and
record on the data sheet.
11.3 Interspecific Competition – Radish and Wheat
1. Obtain radish and wheat seeds that have been soaked so that they are beginning to sprout.
2. Obtain three 8 cm (3–inch) pots and fill to within 2 cm of the top with sand. Press down gently.
3. Carefully place sprouting seeds on the sand and cover with about 1 cm of additional sand as
follows: In pot 1, plant one radish seed and one wheat seed. In pot 2, plant ten radish seeds and ten
wheat seeds. In pot 3, plant twenty radish seeds and twenty wheat seeds.
4. Pour water into the pot until it begins to run out the bottom.
5. Place in a warm, well–lit place.
6. Examine daily and water the plants when the surface becomes dry.
7. After three weeks, remove the plants from each pot, including roots.
8. Separately weigh the total biomass of radish and wheat plants produced from each pot, determine
the average biomass per plant for both the radish and wheat plants, and record on the data

Neuroplasty Research Paper
What is Neuroplasty?
By Brian Lynn Bentley
Dr J
BioPsychology
Colorado Technnical University
Neuroplasty is The ability of the brain to adapt, to create workarounds and short cuts to make up for
missing or damaged portions of the brain. It is amazing how the brain can grow new networks and
nueral connections till the day we die. Our little brain cells oe neurons compensate for or imjuries
,diseases or birth defects. OUr brain adapts for and redesigns its self to accomplish normal tasks,
Sometime by retraining but sometimes just natural. Our brain is more less plastic. So our brains are
capable of re–engineering themselves. However there are limites based on the amount of damage
and which parts are damaged, But overall our brains are pretty hardy.(MedicineNet.n.d.).
So lets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
for this example will be a stroke."A stroke provides an environment that is more permissive for
axonal sprouting where growth–promoting molecules are substantially produced. Surrounding the
infarct where there is an area of apoptotic cell death, stroke forms a glial scar that extends several
hundred micrometers into the periinfarct cortex in the rat.".(Goldberg, J. n.d.). Now What is axonal
sprouting? It is part of the process of wiring in our brain. which egages the neurons to trigger the
growth programing in our brains which whill allow an elelberate "growth cone" to extend an axon or
axons to form alterntive new connections to make up for the damaged areas. and strokes cam indice
axonal sprouting.(Johansson, B. B. 2010). so in this example It takes about a month after stroke has
happened, Even before axonal sprouting to form patterns of anatomical connections that can be
detected anatomically. So even in strokes which can be disabilitating fro quite a few the brain is
already trying to find work arounds to adapt to the damage.(Neural Repair

The Epidemic Curve Of Salmonella
Results: For the seven interviews that the team conducted, three of the cases had eaten hamburger or
ground beef, no cases had drunk raw milk, only one case had traveled outside Michigan, no
restaurant or social event was identified in common, all of the cases had consumed lettuce, and six
had eaten alfalfa sprouts. Appendix A shows the line listing of people who became ill with E.coli or
E.coli symptoms from June 15 to July 15. Based on those findings no obvious linkages between
patients were found. Appendix B shows the epidemic curve for this outbreak. The epidemic curve
showed that the onset of illness among cases occurred from June to July with largest number
occurring on June 22nd. Based on the appendix D, DNA fingerprinting ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Facility A and B were the only facilities that sprouted alfalfa seed in the state. Sprouts grown by
facility A at the time of the outbreak came from two lots of seed: one from Idaho and one from
Australia. At this point, the investigators became aware of a concurrent outbreak of E. coli infection
in Virginia. CDC subtyped the strains from Virginia and identified the same PFGE pattern as in the
Michigan outbreak.
Discussion:
In order to determine if the teams hypothesis was correct we looked at specific criteria like:
Temporality, strength of association, dose–response, reproducibility, biological plausibility, and
other explanations, cessation of exposure, specificity, and experimental evidence. From the case–
control study, there is strong epidemiologic evidence linking alfalfa sprouts to the outbreak. There is
clear evidence of temporality because the exposure to alfalfa sprouts came before the onset of E.coli
symptoms. Because the cases came from at least 10 different counties in one state it seems unlikely
that contamination of the sprouts occurred in the homes of the cases or individually in all the stores
where they were purchased. Because two sprouting facilities were associated with the implicated
alfalfa sprouts and a single lot of seeds were common to

The Pros And Cons Of The Vegetarian Diet
Vegetarian Nutrients
Few factors are as important to human health than one's diet. A poor diet can have devastating
effects to one's health and well–being. For this reason, there are some key components the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, along with the Department of Agriculture, suggest be
part of one's eating pattern. These key components include a variety of vegetables, fruits, grains,
fat–free or low–fat dairy or soy, a variety of protein foods, and oils. They also suggest limiting
intakes of saturated fats, trans fats, added sugars, and sodium. Overall, the 2015–2020 Dietary
Guidelines suggest that it is not necessarily about each and every individual food or beverage item
that is consumed, but how that plays into an entire "eating pattern" and how everyone can make
small shifts within their eating pattern to maintain a healthier life and decrease chances of
developing a chronic disease. With all of these factors in mind, a diet that claims to be healthier,
better for the environment, and help lower chances of disease is the vegetarian diet. There are many
arguments for and against vegetarianism however, some of which are contrasting views of the same
point. benefits. Because diet is such a key component of human health and wellness, for anyone
considering the vegetarian diet, it is important to analyze these contrasting arguments. Beginning
with nutrition, can all essential nutrients be acquired with a vegetarian diet? According to the
American Dietetic

Why Is Cloning Wrong
The Process of Cloning The belief of cloning is morally wrong to those who are religious because it
is a god–like power, but it has been studied for decades on end. Until recently, cloning was merely a
dream, but the first successful clone was a sheep that was named Dolly, which took place on 1996.
Over the years, cloning, has become more advanced and sophisticated but will only advance further
as both science and technology advance. An author by the name of R. Dobson had written "...A
family of genetically modified insects is being developed in an attempt to rid the world of killer
diseases. A designer bug that can no longer pass on Chugs disease, which affects around 20 million
people a year has been created by scientists who want to use the ... Show more content on
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Dr. Moses Judah Folkman recently discovered Angiogenesis and it seems like a promising cure for
localized cancers and tumors. In other words, these injections cause cancers to shrink without
harming the cancer–laden person with virtually no side effects. Folkman surmised that to grow,
tumors needed blood and send out an unknown substance that coaxes nearby blood vessels into
sprouting new capillaries. Angiogenesis prohibits blood vessels from sprouting and the tumor is
choked off. This new treatment has proven effective in human cancers grafted and cloned in both
mice and rabbits with no apparent side effects. Once bed–ridden cancer patients may be able to
relish in a semi–ordinary lifestyle while undergoing angiogenesis injections as

Wearable Technique
INTRODUCTION
Wearable devices for health and fitness keep sprouting in numbers day to day. These devices are
used to document fitness and health measurements and are equipped with sensors for motion
recognition. However, the numbers of wearable devices for weight lifting exercise or strength
training in general, are still low.
PAPER OVERVIEW
In the research paper Wearables, Social Networking and Veracity: The Building Blocks of a Verified
Exercise Application by Chiung Ching Ho and Mehdi Sharifi, the numbers of work based on weight
lifting exercises are low as compared to work related to motion recognition exercise while according
to them these two exercises are equally important.
In weight lifting exercise, the positioning of the wearable

Sprouting Research Paper
Sprouting beans is a way to extract nutrients and make the beans healthier and easier to digest.
Though there are a variety of ways to sprout beans, the basics of sprouting do not change. For all
four of the videos, you must soak the beans, rinse them, and then let them grow for an allotted
amount of time. Not all people agree on exactly how to do this and have created many different
variations of doing so.
First of all, one can sprout things such as beans, seeds, and grains, more specifically mung, lentils,
quinoa, rye, and soy. When sprouting is said, it means that the item of which one is "sprouting" is
starting to grow. This is evident because of the whiteness that begins to appear from the shell.
Oftentimes, a tail begins to grow from the shell telling you that the process is working and the bean
is close to being fully sprouted.
There are basics to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Helen's Recipes, Inner Engineering, Natural Vita, and Joyous Health all started with taking their
mung beans and putting them in water. The temperature of the water was unanimously agreed upon
to be warm but not hot or the beans would not sprout properly. Also, the beans must be moved away
from direct sunlight or put in a dark place such as Helen's Recipes did. Another point upon which all
four videos agreed is that it takes a while for the beans to sprout. While one waited for 8 hours and
another waited about 5 days, one must wait till the beans are perfect to them.
There are many variables of which one must choose when they begin to sprout beans. According to
an Inner Engineering, NaturalVita, and Joyous Health video, putting the beans into a bowl and
filling it with the beans and water is a great start to start sprouting. But, in

Kainate Model Research Paper

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