The Great Divergence Essay

The Great Divergence Essay
Europe is given special consideration thus far in this class. What made Europe or European
civilization unique in the perspective of some authors? It went from 'marginal' status to powerful
region in a few hundred years. What did this process look like? Be sure to address this at the various
levels (ideological, behavioral, institutional, material etc.). Are there reasons for this dominance that
are more important than others?
Looking back at the world in the past few hundred years, it would have been difficult to imagine that
one day, majority of Western Europe would come to dominate the world in global economy (Landes,
European Exceptionalism: A Different Path, 1998). Frank (2001) described the process of which the
western society ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In such environment, policies of scientific and social inactivity could stand because of tradition or
culture. On the other hand, Europe was geographically set in reduced, closer, but with larger number
of groups, surrounded and separated by small rivers and mountains, thus, governments that
repressed economic and scientific development soon amended their errors or were out–done rapidly
(Pomeranz, 2000).
The early western world benefitted from revenues from trading European products to the Eastern
countries (Pomeranz, 2000). High earnings obtained from trading with eastern countries and sales of
slave established seven percent profit per annum, which is a "relatively high rate of return
considering the high rate of depreciation on pre–industrial capital stocks, which limited the amount
of savings and capital accumulation", stated Pomeranz (2000). Many theories suggest that the Great
Divergence occurred as a result of trade development from Europe to Asia, which later on became
the main factor of the New World. As, Pomeranz (2000) stated, "the greatest significant advantage
for Europe was the vast amount of fertile, uncultivated land in the North America which could be
used to grow large quantities of farm products required to sustain European economic growth and
allowed labour and land to be freed up in Europe for industrialization." A great example of this is
how England saved approximately 23–25 million acres of agricultural space by importing goods
such
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Great Divergence Chapter Summary
Diamond's argument that parts of the world developed more quickly than others based on plant and
animal availability for domestication, and the advantage of an east/west continental axis provides
merit in explaining the roots of the "Great Divergence". The Great Divergence is the period (~19th
century) when Western Europe outpaced other parts of the world in terms of growth in
technological, political, and economic development.
In chapter 8, Diamond points out that quicker food production developed where there were many
domesticable plants and animals – a factor that allowed Eurasia to develop more quickly than other
areas. This was facilitated through the large zone of Mediterranean climate that had mild, wet
winters and long, dry summers with a diverse geography. This environment was advantageous
because it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Diamond found that plants (and subsequently livestock) spread much more rapidly when the
continental axis went east to west. This is because areas of the same latitude have similar climates,
rainfall, day lengths, and seasonal cycles, which allow for greater transferability between crops and
animals in different areas. This was also beneficial economically because after food production
spread in Eurasia, it was followed by the spread of wheels, writing, metalworking, beer and wine
production, and other technologies. The opposite effect was seen in Africa, where they do not have
an east/west axis and the continent is plagued by large deserts – farming is difficult with the desert
climate and different lengths of the day and transportation is difficult for plants and animals to
spread across the continent. These factors, coupled with the fact vertical travel made it difficult for
the West to trade with Africa until ships were built, severely affected the growth rate of

Convergence and Divergence of Communication
Nico Brown COJO 1030 October 25, 2012 Convergence and Divergence Essay Intentionally or
intuitively, we constantly use convergence and divergence in our daily communication routine.
While the process itself is automatic; the manner of not doing either does not exist, because one of
the two is always being chosen. Convergence is the process of adapting ones speech style to match
others they want to identify and divergence is the use of linguistic mannerisms that emphasizes a
person's differences from others. A person would be able to understand these two concepts through
personal examples by comparing and contrasting the differences in each term, discussing what
aspects of these communicative techniques were conscious and which were ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason being because everyone did certain things that I would have never done if I were back
home in Kansas and what I did they considered it to be "different" and something was wrong with it.
But as much as they pointed out what I did differently I couldn't help it because hose were things I
was used to. It was more of a reflex because I was so used to doing and saying things in a certain
way. Trying to change it would be conscious because I would focus more to what I was saying and
how I would need to make it different. When I changed schools and finally decided to make new
friends was conscious communication techniques. Because I had to think about it before it
happened. I also changed the way I behaved and I would say things in different ways than how I
would usually say them. Instead of all of this automatically happening I had to think about things
that I said and remember what was what so I would be accepted within the group. These two
innocent situations that I experienced had unaware consequences on the involved relationships. The
first one being that I changed the way I did things and I got new friends. The second being I was
able to be myself and I was considered different. And even though I was not the same as everyone
else, I still managed to have friends that accepted me for who I was. Convergence and divergence
both impacts and have an effect on our lives and the truth they always will. While we will

Essay on Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken
The Road Not Taken: All the Difference
Each person must make many decisions in their lifetime. Some decisions are easy while others are
more difficult. The poem "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost is a first person narrative tale of a
monumental moment in Frost's life. Frost is faced between the choice of a moment and a lifetime.
Walking down a rural road the narrator encounters a point on his travel that diverges into two
separate similar paths. In Robert Frost's poem "The Road Not Taken", Frost presents the idea of man
facing the difficult unalterable predilection of a moment and a lifetime. This idea in Frost's poem is
embodied in the fork in the road, the decision between the two paths, and the speaker's decision. ...
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The speaker's sight is limited– his eyes can only see the path until it bends into "the undergrowth."
The author shows man's attempts to tell which path is better by trying to for see what they will
behold down the road. Both roads diverge into a "yellow wood" and appear to be "about the same"
in their purpose. The first of the two paths is the more common route than the other less traveled
path, which "wanted wear." Frost presents a classic conflict– the decision between the common easy
path and the exceptional challenging path. Choosing the already known easy path in life many
people frequently endure reassures that the outcome will be predictable. While choosing the "less
traveled" road represents the gamble of facing a more difficult path in life in hopes to achieve an
incomparable and satisfactory life, contrasting the more familiar lives other people take.
The road not taken delineates man's choice. After vacillating between the two "fair" roads, he finally
decides to take the road "less traveled by"; knowing he cannot see where it will lead. Traveling
down the second road, the speaker still yearns to travel both paths– he "keeps the first for another
day." As the narrator proceeds down the unworn path, he realizes there will be no way he can ever
return to the deviation to experience the other route. The speakers utters:
"Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back."
Frost

The Challenges Of Amphibians
Amphibians are an endangered group of animals where almost 20.41% species (among the total of
49 species) in Bangladesh has been recognized as threatened (IUCN, 2015), yet an enormous
unrecognized diversity is calling for a taxonomic exploration. But there are several challenges for
amphibian taxonomists as they have remarkable cryptic diversity & phenotypic plasticity as well as
many frogs are morphologically similar but can be distinguished by genetic divergences. DNA
barcoding could be a quick means to obtain species identification precisely. The 5' end of COI gene
(cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) is advocated as the universal and ideal DNA barcoding marker for
all species (Hebert et al., 2004b). Nevertheless, frogs have been one of the ... Show more content on
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The products were run through the 1.0% Agarose gel with bromophenol blue and the bands were
visualized under UV transluminator. Amplification by polymerase chain reaction method was done
using one pair of 16S rRNA and one pair of COI primer sets. Among them for 16S rRNA gene E.
kalasgramensis, H. tytleri and F. nepalensis were successfully amplified, for COI gene only E.
kalagramensis was successfully amplified. Amplified products were sequenced and the product
length was 553bp, 523bp and 521bp base pair long for 16S rRNA gene for E. kalasgramensis, H.
tytleri and F. nepalensis, respectively and 612 bp long COI gene of E. kalasgramensis. The
sequences were transferred to FASTA format and BLASTED within nucleotide database for the
authentication and matched in a range of 98%–100% for consensus sequence of the three species.
GenBank based identification yielded an alignment E–value of 0.0. The overall ampliﬁcation and
sequencing success of the CO1 primers was low compared to the 16S gene. After several attempt
COI gene was successful to amplify only for one species.
For the clarification of the candidate species status, detailed phylogenetic analyses was performed
and a 16S and COI divergence survey were conducted for each family using 16S and COI data from
the DNA database data. Among the examined family, it was observed that for 16S rRNA based
phylogenetic tree all the members formed clade according to their taxonomy. Only

A selective Annotated Bibliography on Convergence and...
A selective Annotated Bibliography on Convergence and Divergence Theodore Levitt (1983). "The
Globalization of Markets." Harvard business review pg 92–102 The author asserts in this journal to
understand the two vectors shape the world – technology and globalization. The first helps
determine human preferences, the second, economic realities. The global companies systematically
push these vectors toward their own convergence, offering everyone simultaneously high–quality,
more or less standardized products at low prices. Technology is a powerful force that has driven the
world towards a converging commonality. Almost everybody everywhere wants all the things they
have heard about, seen, or experienced via the new technologies. The ... Show more content on
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The article is divided into four parts. First part focuses on the traditional perspective on international
marketing strategies focusing on the dichotomy between standardization and adaptation. The second
part examines key assumptions underlying the philosophy of global standardization. The third part
focuses on the constraints to implementation of global standardization. The last part of the article
concludes on the bases of its review that a more general approach is suitable which incorporates
various degrees of standardization or adaptation strategies. It is an important article as it concludes
that an effective global marketing strategy does not guarantee the marketing of standardized
products and global brands worldwide. It might work for some companies but cannot work for all.
Peng M.W., Pleggenkuhle–Miles E–G. "Current Debates in Global Strategy" International Journal
of Management Reviews, 51–69 This paper contributes to the global strategy literature by outlining
the four debates that we believe to be frontier issues with which the field will engage in the years to
come. Its purpose is to review four current debates taking place in the field of global strategic
management and international business. The review provides in–depth coverage of the four major
global strategic management debates, comprising: (1) cultural vs institutional distance; (2) global vs
regional geographic diversification; (3) convergence vs divergence in corporate governance, and (4)

Convergence vs. Divergence
Developments throughout the technological age have brought many new and challenging problems
along with its many wonders. Rapid, global transportation, the scientific quest for economic
dominance and the internet all are relatively new technologies that forces the world to look upon
itself as new work in progress. Culture and all of its components are affected by this new paradigm
and an investigation into its finer points will help in gaining a new understanding of how society
functions. The purpose of this essay is to explain the concept of crossvergence of culture within
global society by analyzing the evidence provided in the Kelley, MacNab, and Worthley study. It is
necessary to first summarize their argument and define culture to contextualize the argument. Next,
I will examine the smaller ideas contained within the theory , specifically, the ideas of convergence
and divergence, in order to fully explain the argument. Article Summary Kelley et al (2006)
attempted to build upon the crossvergence theory by examining banking sectors within the
communities of Hong Kong, Taiwan and the United States. They argued that, "the evidence of
relative sample convergence, particularly in relation to collectivism and uncertainty avoidance,
along with select, individual region static positions for cultural dimensions provide support for the
crossvergence theory." They hypothesized that from the time of 1985 through 2000, certain cultural
dimensions have changed within these

The Great Divergence Is An Enlightening And Critical...
Renowned columnist Timothy Noah's book, The Great Divergence, is an enlightening and critical
examination of America's ever–growing income inequality. Noah distinguishes his book from others
of its kind by suggesting a number of surprising causal relationships among American income
inequality and a number of unexpected variables. These variables include immigration, inability to
fund higher education, tax loopholes for the top tenth of one percent of earners, and unequal
government. Additionally, he works with more common predictors of income inequality including
race and socioeconomic status. Because of Noah's thought–provoking, original, and unexpected
content, his book reads more similar to Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner's Freakonomics than the
textbook–style approach of William Domhoff's Who Rules America? Noah's contribution is not
simply another book about the drastic income inequality pervading American society. Instead,
delving deep into the true roots of the problem and beginning to understand real solutions, Noah
presents a case that is undoubtedly worth reading. While the concepts, statistics, and conclusions
Noah raises are vitally important to the overall message of the book, it could never achieve critical
acclaim without its accessibility to the everyday reader. While many of the concepts seem above
readers' heads, Noah's direct, clear, and concise writing style ensures that he will not alienate an
audience uninformed about the nuances of the US tax code.

Emergence And Divergence In Wales
'There was a widespread public expectation that devolution would bring greater policy innovation
and divergence between Scotland, Wales and the UK state.' This essay will assess the situation of
divergence and convergence in Wales with a specific focus on the period after the devolution
settlement. To fully answer the question the essay shall be divided into several sections. Firstly,
before attempting to answer the question it will illustrate what convergence and divergence are and
the distinct types of policy areas. It will then look at the choice and the reasons for use of the case
study in this essay which is the health policies of Wales. When answering the question this essay
will divide the question into two sections, the first part will ... Show more content on
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Policy divergence is when a policy area moves away from the original norm and thus countries
policies develop substantial differences and are seen more predominantly in policy areas since
devolution. The most relevant work for this essay is the scholar Michael Keating who categorises
these policy divergences and convergences into five different areas. The first is policy autonomy,
this is when a policy differs due to the specific local needs and preferences. A subset of this is policy
competition, this fits in with policy learning which will be discussed later. Policy competition is
when a policy divergence exists because there is competition between policies to show off the
innovation of administration, typical with a reconvergence around one idea at the end. Convergence,
on the other hand, is when these policy differences are minimal and policies are similar, the most
famous example of this is seen in the European Union in the last few decades. The first area of
convergence is policy uniformity, this is when all the administrations align due to an external
pressure such as establishing the International Criminal Court. The other key area of convergence is
concurrent policy when a policy is similar due to the similar internal conditions and needs. The last
type of policy Keating specified was the non–comparable policies examples are the Welsh language,
policy areas which don't exist in other parts of the devolved state. This will be sparsely used as non–
comparable policies do not typically exist within the UK health policy. The reason for the choice of
health care policies as a case study is due to the extensive interest in this topic. Health policy scholar
Scott Greer attributes this interest by scholars to the 'substantial autonomy and developing policy
differences.' Michael Sullivan goes further, suggesting that there is no clearer differentiation

Problems Associated With Geography And Economic...
Do you agree that twentieth century divergence in economic development across countries was
largely the result of geographic factors?
The traditional view associated with geography and economic development across countries is that
distance has played a huge role in creating disparities in terms of location . However, this
interpretation is questioned by some who note that the failure of developing economies can be
attributed to the persistent problem of institutional failure, which prevents individuals and the
economy as a whole from growing. Although this warrants a possible claim, ultimately it should be
noted that the failure and inadequacy of institutions in LDCs compared to MEDCs can still be traced
to geography. Hence, I believe that twentieth century divergence in economic development across
countries was largely the result of geographic factors.
Distance determines the level of access that people have to export markets and the access that
suppliers have to domestic markets . Greater access to exports gives the ability for a population to
experience a variety of different goods and services, which in turn enhances their welfare. By the
same notion a population with limited access to export markets are more liable to experience lower
levels of choice between what goods and services to purchase. The implication is that if suppliers
are unable to easily access a particular economy, factors of production may be unable to be
substituted for cheaper alternatives. This

The Origin Of Species Revolutionized The Way That Changed...
The theory of evolution in itself is an evolution. The way humans understand how life came to exist
and how it has changed along the way reflects the different socio economic environments we have
created. For any scientist, previous theory's and ideas from historians or other scholars are used in
part to form the basis of understanding of new information (Klyve, D. k. 2014). The understanding
of evolution as we see it today comes from many areas of the world amid varying time periods. The
most famous and current understanding is that of Darwin, in 1859 his book On the Origin of Species
revolutionized the way we see life and its continuity through natural selection. In this essay I will
look at a project pertaining to the observational study of tropical fish that have changed through time
with natural selection and divergence of geographical isolation. Scientists have found that by
comparing genome scans, links in different lineages of Pacific reef fishes give an example of how
isolating barriers contribute to morphologic changes in the species, (Gaither, M. R.,2015). I will also
look at another study which suggests that natural selection is flawed as it does not take into account
the current understanding of genomics. this study suggests that instead of natural selection and the
process of evolving traits through the added complexity of structures in a species, species evolve
due to random changes from the evolution of genomes (Randall JE 2007). Their idea if genomes

Eco 459 Research Proposal
Anthony Badolato
Eco 459 Research Proposal
Introduction & Motivation
The idea of Twin Deficit, originally proposed by 1980s economists such as A.F. Durrat (1988), has
evolved into a complex debate between itself and its counterpart, Twin Divergence. Some accept the
original theory of twin deficit, claiming a large fiscal deficit and a large current account deficit go
hand–in–hand. Others argue that the opposite is observed in certain countries, which exhibit twin
divergence (see Kim and Roubini 2008). Understanding which principle a country is currently
adhering to is undoubtedly important for policy–making, as the national government can use that
information to make educated spending decisions to support its economy. But which countries ...
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Depending on whether or not we assume the net private savings is held constant will determine what
we can predict to observe. If it is assumed to be constant, the twin deficit hypothesis would seem
correct. If it is not assumed to be constant, then it is plausible that a shock to current account or
fiscal account can be compensated for by a change in net private savings, giving possibility to the
presence of twin divergence.
My Contribution and Methodology
I will test the following hypothesis; Wealthy countries can exhibit twin deficits, while developing
countries can exhibit twin divergence. I will use a sample of 3 (?) "developing" countries and 3 (?)
"wealthy" countries and attribute a twin principle (deficit or divergence) to each, based on existing
empirical data, according to equation (5). To draft a suitable model for estimation, we will have to
reform equation (5), following the ideology of Sakyi and Opoku (see Sakyi & Opoku, 2016), so that
we can use available public data. Theory suggests that a country's private saving, SP, is positively
related to households' disposable income, ¬y, and the interest rate, r. Using the same process,
national investment, I, is negatively related to r. Therefore, our model will be based off the
following

Great Divergence Chapter Summary
Diamond's arguments that parts of the world developed more quickly than others based on plant and
animal availability for domestication, and the advantage of an east/west continental axis seem to
hold some merit in explaining the roots of the "Great Divergence". The Great Divergence is the
period (around the 19th century) when Western Europe outpaced other parts of the world in terms of
growth in technological, political, and economic development.
Diamond emphasized that the West developed more quickly than others because of their
environment (not cultural factors) that allowed the West to have a faster development in food
production. Specifically in Chapter 8, Diamond points out that quicker food production arose where
there were many domesticable plants and animals. This was facilitated through the large zone of
Mediterranean climate that had mild, wet winters and long, dry summers with a diverse geography.
This environment was advantageous because it allowed for large seeded annuals to thrive, which
were suitable for domestication and yearlong storage. Eurasia had over half of the 12 domesticable
plants that were high in protein (cereals such as einkorn and emmer ... Show more content on
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He concludes that Eurasia had more large mammals compared to other areas (13 domesticated
animals out of 72 candidates). The area had five of the most important domesticated animals
including sheep, cows, pigs, horses and goats. These domesticated animals were important in
development because they provided milk, food, wool, plowing, transportation, fertilizer, and more.
Early animal domestication proved to be advantageous economically for Eurasia because these
animals increased the productivity of food production and allowed for transportation of goods and
germs between sub regions (the travel of germs was important in helping plants, animals, and
humans develop

The Divergence Of Herbs And Pharmaceuticals
The Divergence of Herbs and Pharmaceuticals In personal health, there is a big lifetime decision to
be made. Presented with two basic options, pharmaceutical medicines and herbal medicines, the
choice must be made when the situation of illness arrives, which form of medication will be taken?
First, the differences between the two types of medicines must be studies and understood by the
user. According to the U.S Food and Drug Administration, a drug is defined as, "A substance (other
than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body" (Center...). With this in mind,
both herbs and scientifically produced medications are to be considered 'drugs'. It is a common
misconception that herbs and drugs are different, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a study regarding the effectiveness of herbal medications to the elderly it is stated that, "Changes
in health status during treatment with herbs can be attributed to three sets of factors: those related to
the specific pharmacological effects of the herbs; those variously labeled "placebo effect"...; and
those having no direct association with the herbal treatment" (Snow). This illustrates what a client
taking any form of medication should be aware of. Especially for more minor illnesses and health
problems, such as sore throat, the placebo effect can come into play, making it seem as if the new
drug is working wonders, when in reality it is merely a figment of his or her imagination. Sara
Altshul , author of Docs Gone Wild, would argue that herbal remedies should be looked at more
reputably, she states; "This Yale–trained doctor prescribes herbs and supplements for everything
from diabetes to heart disease, and she isn't alone. Many natural remedies for women are now
officially in whitecoat territory–because they work." (2). In her article, there are various remedies
for common illnesses, said in a straight forward and easy to understand manor. All of the remedies
are supported by with

Functional State Of Secondary Structures Essay
Functionally similar proteins (i.e. Orthologous protein BLOCKs) evolve to create amino acid
divergence at locus specific positions (Gaucher, Miyamoto and Benner, 2001; Wang and Gu, 2001).
Different BLOCKs evolve at a different rate. However, for a given family (or BLOCK) it is constant
(Dickerson 1971; Dayhoff and Schwartz, 1978). The divergence, although alters primary sequences,
sequence of secondary structure largely remains unaltered, the one that acts as a determinant for
functional state of proteins of homologous family (Shen, Jones and Mohrenweiser, 1998). The fact
that not all hetero–pairs (total 190) contribute equally to the evolution of a BLOCK (Figure 2, A1
and A2), characterizing their differential role in relation to its properties is of central importance.
Further, it remains a challenge to understand the acquired substitutions at the primary sequence level
and the maintenance of secondary structures for functional state. Present study is an attempt to gain
insight into the mechanism of substitutions based on observed hetero–pairs and positional diversity
in relation to protein's structure and function.
3.1. Observed homo and hetero pairs are sensitive parameters in the study of evolution
Henikoff and Henikoff (1992) pioneered the concept of BLOCK and developed BLOSUM series of
fundamental matrices that utilize observed hetero–pairs for computation of odd–scores. These
matrices (e.g. BLOSUM62) got wide application in Bioinformatics studies []. When identical

Human Resource Management: Convergence and Divergence...
Human Resource Management as a concept was formalised in the USA in the late 1970s and early
1980s, encapsulated in two famous textbooks (Beer et al. 1985; Fombrun et al. 1984). These
approaches varied but both differentiated HRM from personnel management and argued that the
former involved more integration of personnel policies across functions and with the corporate
strategy (with HR being the downstream function); a greater role for line managers; a shift from
collective to individual relationships; and an accent on enhancing company performance.
The notion of "European Human Resource Management" was developed largely as a counter to the
hegemony of US conceptions of human resource management (HRM). This, in part, reflected
developments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Garten (1993) shares this view, though also noting the existence of government–induced market
systems such as Japan. Hollingsworth & Boyer (1997) focus on a different dimension, that of the
presence or absence of communitarian infrastructures that manifest themselves in the form of strong
social bonds, trust, reciprocity and co–operation among economic actors. Again, they find the Anglo
cultures distinct from the rest of Europe, although they also distinguish France as an environment
that, while not having a market mentality, is nevertheless deficient in communitarian infrastructures.
Others distinguish between, on one hand, countries such as the UK, Ireland and the Nordic
countries, in which the state has a limited role in industrial relations, and the Roman–Germanic
countries, such as France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Greece and the Netherlands, in which the
state functions as an actor with a central role in industrial relations (Due et al. 1991: 90). Arguments
have also been made for a "northern European" approach to HRM based around those countries
where English is widely spoken and trade unions are stronger (Brewster/Larsen 2000).
One analysis of HRM practices found three clusters: a Latin cluster which includes Spain, Italy,
France; a central European cluster and a Nordic cluster' (Filella 1991: 14).
The Latin style of HRM is characterized, inter alia, by efforts to modernize HRM, a greater reliance
on an oral culture and the presence of subtle 'political'

Why did the Great Divergence Occur
The Great Divergence is term used to portray the gradual shift of dominance that Europe gained by
establishing itself as the most powerful world civilization by the 19th century. While a case could be
made that the Great Divergence occurred because of the pre–eminence of Europe and Britain, as
well as their supposed superiority in invention and innovation above anywhere else in the world, this
argument is flawed. A more compelling argument would be to state that it was rather through the
geographical advantages that Europe obtained that lead it into eventually becoming the most
powerful civilization after 1500 A.D., as this essay will strive to demonstrate.
A case could be made that the Great Divergence ultimately grew on the basis of ... Show more
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McNeil is also critical of Landes' preoccupation in the happenings of Europe alone, while remaining
dismissive of all economic and technological accomplishments of China after 1 000 A.D. While
Landes dismisses the economic demise of China as a "weird pattern of isolated initiatives and
Sisyphean discontinuities," McNeil instead portrays the rapid innovations of the Sung era, and how
they were damaged and disrupted by Mongol conquests and contained within the Ming dynasty,
thereby showing that Europe did not surpass Europe in achievement due to their own pre–eminence.
Furthermore, while Landes bestows Europe with the accountability of "invention of invention,"
many of the ground–breaking inventions that the world saw in the 15th century were generated in
non–European societies. In 895 A.D., China saw the invention of gunpowder. While initially used
for flame throwing, it was soon used in bombs, grenades and rockets by 1231 A.D. This opposes the
theory that Europe took initiative to employ gunpowder in warfare while China merely used it for
leisurely purposes, including flame throwing. Printing and paper–making were also invented in
China, and ultimately led to the widespread use of paper currency and the printing of literature.
China also saw the innovation of printing by paving the way towards other inventions such as
wallpaper, tissue paper, toilet paper and certain articles of clothing. Many of these

The Great Divergence Timothy Noah
I think "The Great Divergence" by Timothy Noah is an interesting and thought provoking book. I
think the way the book is written makes it very easy to read. I like the author's use of facts to
support his opinions of inequality in America. I appreciate that he provides suggestions to fix what
he believes is a growing issue of inequality in American society. I think the chapters are well
organized and move quickly from topic to topic which holds the interest of the reader and helps
focus on one point at a time. The book stays fixated on only necessary information and I do not feel
the book adds side stories or facts that do not pertain directly to the point Noah is trying to make. I
do, however, feel that the book is very biased in its views. It very clearly leans to the left. The
suggestions Noah provides are definitely democratic, even going as far ... Show more content on
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The top 10 percent during the Great Divergence has increased their share of income nationally from
34 percent to 48 percent. The top 5 percent, top 1 percent, top .1 percent, and top .01 percent also
increased their share of income by a significant amount during the Great Divergence (147). These
rich people in America have quickly expanded their income much quicker than rich people do in
other countries (147). I agree that this trend in income expansion has contributed greatly to the Great
Divergence. The ease that the top 10 percent seems to have of gaining money I agree does
contribute very much to the divergence between those at the top and those in the middle. I was not
surprised to learn that the growth of income in the top 10 percent contributed to the Great
Divergence, but I was surprised to hear the statistics stating how much more the top 10 percent has
grown in their share of the income. I was surprised especially at the steep increase going from 1
percent to .1 percent then to .01

Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT)
CAT– American History X In this paper, I will use CAT (Communication Accommodation Theory)
to explain how convergence, divergence, and intergroup contact are illustrated within the film
American History X. Convergence in CAT refers to the accommodativeness, the process concerned
with how we both reduce and magnify communication differences between people in interaction.
Talking about convergence, people tend to enhance interpersonal similarities and reduce
uncertainties. The effect of converging towards or approximately to another can increase liking and
enable him or her to be seen more competent and credible. It includes switching to the other's
language or dialect, or assuming the same level of the other's interruptions, speech rate, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Divergence in CAT refers to non–accommodativeness, to magnify the communicative differences.
Divergence occurs when individuals desire to represent their in–group identity above others desire.
It serves as a distinction to preserve dialect or vocabulary. Members of different ethnic groups often
accentuate their identities by diverging from one another both verbally and nonverbally. Divergence
can be particularly intense if people feel their identity is threatened and that the other group has
historically and illegitimately discriminated against them. If a person accommodates an out–group
member in this situations, that person is named as cultural traitor. If the out–group identity is more
noticeable than the in–group or individual identity, there will be divergence less satisfaction. Here
are some examples help to illustrate the concept of divergence: When Derek was in the prison, he
found his in–group member. Everything is going well till one day Derek find out one of the prisoner
in–group member trade with a Mexican American ethic group member. He is disappointed and had
never acknowledged the possibility of his in–group member could do wrong. He shows his
disapproval towards that member's action nonverbally and walked away. In the next few days, Derek
reveals to sit with his in–group for meals and he didn't show any respect to his in–group. He started
to play basketball with the other out–groups instead of gather with his in–group. By then, he
offended

Hughesh Labour Pest Analysis
This reliance on money from the treasury causes problems, especially under the Conservatives' cuts
in Westminster, as Welsh Labour has had no alternative but to withstand a cut to its overall budget.
Inhibiting the ability for Welsh Labour as it cannot produce its own money outside of this block
grant. The other key institutional limitations have been the lack of primary law–making powers as
well as the lack of a political culture separate from Whitehall. In contrast to Scotland, Wales has not
always been a primary legislative body with primary law making powers. These have only been
granted by the Government of Wales Act in 2006 and implemented after a referendum in 2011.
Accordingly, Michael Laffin notes that Wales was less likely to experience ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, Welsh health policy diverges in line with the Keating idea of policy competition in which each
administration puts in a policy which it thinks suits best. After a period of time, the best policy is
chosen and is implemented throughout all the administrations. After his time as First Minister,
Rhodri Morgan stated that the divergence of health policy from that of England was to find the best
policy and thus implied that his divergences fit the model of the laboratory of democracies. David
Moon notices that this goes against his previous mentioned argument of Welsh needs and
preferences during his time as First Minister. Whilst Rhodri Morgan is an advocate of this position,
Scott Greer argues that policy learning can only be used when both administration's policy
advocates are politically aligned with each other. This is because each country has a different
framing of the problem or even see a completely different problem altogether. Policy learning is
more likely to happen in areas where something is generally accepted and therefore issues which
lack a political attachment. A key example of this is the public smoking ban which took place in
2006 all three devolved administrations and was then implemented in England after the perceived
success of the ban. This would argue that whilst political ideologies and short term ambitions of

The Great Divergence
Before the 19th Century it would have been difficult to imagine that one day, majority of Western
Europe and North America would come to dominate the world in global economy. So why did
income per capita decline in countries such as India and China relative to the advanced economies
such as the US and Europe since 1800? Some argue that the overwhelmingly cause was the lack of
relative efficiency of utilization of technology in these countries relative to the more successful
economies such as Britain and the USA (Landes 19). The inventions of gunpowder and the compass
contributed to the West initially being considered subpar compared to China. Up until the 19th
century, China held a position as a great world power, but, for the last two hundred ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The West's per capita income significantly rising above that of the East has been credited greatly to
the public transport technologies, for instance trains and boats, that was developed by the European
in the nineteenth century (Jones 34). The building of large ships, trains, and railroads significantly
increased productivity output. The efficiency gained from the ability to transfer large amount of
livestock, coal, grain, corn livestock and additional objects between nations easier at less cost
resulted in higher total productivity in Europe than the rest of the world (Clark & Feenstra 3). This
contention also leaves the European commerce revolution to be considered. European mercantilism
comprised of low state control and essentially no religious influences. The commerce revolution
resulted in the innovation of new methodologies where traditionally lengthy trips became highly
lucrative and caused a vast increase in individual development

Summary Of Kenneth Pomeranz's Political Economy And...
During 2002, an essay was published titled "Political Economy and Ecology on the Eve of
Industrialization: Europe, China, and the Global Conjuncture". This was the works of Kenneth
Pomeranz who provoked a distinctive question about China in relation to Great Britain around the
1800s. In his published book The Great Divergence, Pomeranz states that China and Great Britain
were on similar trails leading towards the Industrial Revolution until a "Great Divergence" arose
during the 1800s that sent these two emerging nations towards diverse routes. In his essay Pomeranz
efficiently states how China and Great Britain developed differently due to the coal and colonies.
Pomeranz argues how these two aspects assisted Great Britain in dodging ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
China depleted the consumption of their resources, while Great Britain benefitted off the amount of
coal they were able to mine and utilize, and the reduced fees and accessible trade they were able to
secure from their colonies. Pomeranz also argues that although economic factors had similar
principles, environmental strains were similar, and "the most advanced parts of China in many ways
resembled parts of the European mainland" (Pomeranz 2002, 420) . China still experienced
inactivity while Great Britain experienced remarkable progress. According to Pomeranz, this had to
do with the "constraints of finite land" (Pomeranz 2002, 444) and Great Britain's capability to
manage this more effectively. According to Pomeranz's view, this divergence was provoked by the
Industrial Revolution, and set China on a route to labor concentrated routines, while Great Britain
spearheaded towards the cultivation of technological innovation.
Though Jan de Vries praises Pomeranz and his ability to question the divergence that instigates
much historical deliberation, de Vries find many gaps in Pomeranz's theory. The main issue de Vries
call attention to is that this so called "divergence" Pomeranz illustrates didn't begin in the 1800s,
rather prior to the 1800's. The Industrial Revolution, according to de Vries, has an abundant
"history" of "industrial, commercial, financial, and agricultural development" (de Vries 2011, 15) .
This "history" of the Industrial

How Did The Great Divergence Occur In The 19th Century
The Great Divergence signifies a period in history where Europe, particularly north–western
Europe, developed economically at a much faster rate than the most prosperous parts of Asia,
namely India and China. However, the timing of this period is unclear, with dispute amongst
historians as to whether it occurred in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth
century, or as being "well under way in the seventeenth century" (Gupta and Ma, 2010, p. 285).
Chinese failure and European success arguably both contributed to the Great Divergence, but it is
key to determine its timing in order to understand which ultimately led to the phenomenon. This
essay will outline both arguments and attempt to show that the Great Divergence occurred by the
seventeenth century.
A key feature pointed out by the believers of the earlier divergence is that the ... Show more content
351). Henceforth, life expectancy in China exceeded most of its European counterparts, whilst being
on par with southeast England (Pomeranz, 2000, p. 37). Improvements occurred slowly in
industrialising western Europe, with limited increases elsewhere until 1870 (Pamuk and van Zanden,
2010, p. 228). As well as being comparable in living standards, north–west Europe and Asia both
were similar in terms of trade, literatures and centralisation (Goldstone, 2002, p. 338). In fact, India
and China can be seen as more technically advanced; India's cotton was unrivalled by England
(Chaudhuri, 1990; cited by Goldstone, 2002, p. 366), and China was productive agriculturally, had a
well–developed bureaucracy, and was not bettered in terms its manufactures (Marks 1997; cited by
Goldstone, 2002, p. 366). The evidence appears to show that, in the eighteenth century, the more
advanced Asian countries were clearly still in line with north–west

Personal Narrative-Heroic Divergence Or Tragic?
It wasn't such a bad day down at the docks, the crows were squawkIng, and the dark fluffy clouds
crowded the noon sky. The fog lifted forming snow–like sheets of overcast along the water. I was
reading the paper about a boy named Tommy Silicon when suddenly a black shadowy figure along
the water line, everything was still, not a wave is sight, the figure saw me glancing at it and before I
knew it a huge wave lifted up and came tumbling down over me. i was in trouble, or so I thought, i
had realized that It wasn't one shadow, it was one hundred figures all forming around me and pulling
me out of the water. They left as quickly as they had appeared. After that I was taken to the hospital.
The doctors said that a part of my skull had been damaged when my head hit the bench when the
wave crashed down on me and it needed to be repaired. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After I was fully recovered I went to report the figure to my investigating team and they all thought
I was lying. Even my partner said "Amber I know you haven't been wrong about any of your cases,
but have you seen the news?" he showed me the footage of me being hit by the wave and it wasn't a
wave at all It said I was In a severe car crash. "That's not me" I cried, I told him about why I was in
the hospital, but the next day they kicked me

Divergence Short Story Summary
The short story "Divergence" tells the reader about a biker named Jeremy Matthis who ends up in a
bad accident resulting in him getting a concussion. As his concussion heals he rediscovers some
things about himself and things that have happened in the past while he also has a different
interpretation of himself, those around him, and the outside world. In the short story "Divergence"
the author David Lynn uses the symbolism of the groundhog, the story title, and the road to
emphasize the tension Jeremy struggles with through his self discovery.
The groundhog a cute brown furry animal part of the marmot family thought to bring you important
messages and help you understand yourself. This fits perfectly with what is happening in the book at
the point when Jeremy wakes up in the hospital he starts to rethink everything he had done in his
past and how it shaped him as a person why he did those things in his past and what he is going to
do next. How is it possible for such an insignificant animal to have such a large impact on Jeremy?
Well because it is something much more than that. The groundhog in this book represents that life
can change in a matter of seconds much like Jeremy's did for him when he spotted the groundhog
and decided to save Shivanni. When Jeremy saved Shivanni his head had hit the ground and
knocked him unconscious. When he awoke he was in a hospital bed but he felt lost and all of his
memories did not feel like his own. This reflects back on the groundhog representing that your life
can change in a matter of seconds because something had changed whether it was his body, how he
felt about life, or what he had done. Had he really wanted to save Shivanni or did he just do it
because it was the right thing to do.
The road represents Jeremy's life; a straight path where he knows everything that is going to happen
and when it is going to happen but every once and awhile there is a fork, bump, bend, or hill in the
road where he will have to either make a decision on something, his life might be thrown off
because of the bend in the road, a bump may make part of your life a little more difficult, and you
may not be able to see what is coming because of a hill. The groundhog, another

The Great Divergence By Ken Pomeranz
In his book The Great Divergence, Ken Pomeranz gives some insight to why there was substantial
industrial growth in Northwest Europe, instead of in similarly advanced areas of East Asia. He
displays how close the two worlds, Europe and China, were through their high life expectancies,
their consumption of production, their markets, and their shortages of land. Ken Pomeranz chapter
by chapter, debunks the known ideas of why Europe was on top and explains that the Great
Divergence (when England jumped ahead of the other markets) was caused by the access to coal and
the other natural resources in the New World.
Pomerantz seeks to disparage the popular argument that "industrialization was not the point at which
European economic history departed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He states that eighteenth century China actually came closer to the neoclassical ideal of a market
economy than did western Europe (70). However, unlike in Europe, China had a lot of available
land and it seem that even in tenant farming, the farmers could make improvements to the land they
worked on despite not owning it. There was also less restriction on who a person could buy, sell, and
trade to. This allowed farmers to maximize profits since farmers were allowed to the adjustments to
land, try a new farming technique, or just sell the land. Unfortunately, even into the nineteenth
century England had fifty percent of its land tied into family estates, making it impossible to sell the
land to anyone but family (73). Since the it was tied into the family new investment, like technology,
took a whole community to decide on. Also, in most of Europe, landowners were solely responsible
for making the improvements and adjustment to the land, this caused a barrier in the agriculture

Communication Accommodation Theory: Intergroup Theory Of...
Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) is an intergroup theory of interpersonal
communication. Communication Accommodation Theory has sparked a great deal of research over
the past five decades, with parallel and intersecting traditions of experimental, survey, and
discourse–based research examining the dynamics of communication. Social distance plays a large
role in our communicative lives and can be understood through two key concepts: convergence and
divergence. Convergence refers to ways in which we can use communication to overcome forms of
social distance. Depending on the specific communicative context, convergence can come in several
ways, including identifiable metaphors, narratives, and anecdotes, or even nonverbal forms of
communication, such as body ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People accommodated their communication while interacting with a person who has higher
standards and other characteristics which they believe is better than them. And the divergent exhibits
an opposite characteristic as it emphasizes the difference among the close relations with each other.
Communication accommodation theory is influenced by social psychology and is guided by four
major assumptions. While communicating there will be similarity and difference in the speech and
behavior. The characteristics that people exhibit is based on our experiences and the cultural
backgrounds that we grew up in. A conversation is evaluated by understanding the perception of the
speech and behavior of the other. Through evaluation, people decides to accommodate and fit in.
The social status and belonging are determined by language and behaviors. While people
communicate, they tend to accommodate the behaviors of those who are in the higher social status
than them. This theory guides and defines the behaviors of people the accommodation process
which varies in the degree of appropriateness. Norms and they are expected to act

Summary: The Great Divergence
The Great Divergence was the disparity between Europe and East Asia's military might. Some
historians contend that East Asia's military decline or stagnation in comparison to the western world
was due to some variety of things. In regards to the hegemonic power, China, Confucianism was to
blame for the Great Divergence due to the country eschewing military expansion in order to
preserve the Confucian order (Andrade, 2016). However, Historian Tonio Andrade reminds us that
Confucianism was only partly the blame for the military decline since China and other East Asian
countries experimented heavily with gunpowder weapons in the fourteenth century. Rather than
blaming the decline on these effects, Andrade attributes the cause to factionalism and poor
government leadership. Ultimately, the failure of China to capture a significant domestic
commitment to the war effort ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With East Asia at peace, there was a "marked deficiency of military readiness" as observed by
European foes (Andrade, 2016). Not only did this pertain to technology, but in drills where infantry
soldiers went through the motions with drudgery. Furthermore, Chinese infantry soldiers did not
entirely incorporate their arms to guns, and preferred to use bow and arrows due to tradition. The
persuasion method of risking their lives for the country may have worked, but it seemed that
breaking the tradition of archery for the sake of the country was something that many were reluctant
to do–and hence the compliance to convert the entire army into guns was not reached. Importantly,
the blame may have well been rested in the Chinese government and leaders that suppressed firearm
usage (Andrade, 2016). And with those that do incorporate firearms, drills remain ineffective.
China's military might was summed up to be a rusted sword stuck in its scabbard, while Europe
continued to foster and grow their

The Great Divergence : China, Europe And The Making Of The...
During the long time of economic history, the Industrial Revolution happened in England in the
eighteenth century is definitely a turning point which triggers many scholars' interests. Gregory
Clark, the author of A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World, claims that the
average person of 1800 was no better off than their remote ancestors of the Palaeolithic according to
the Malthusian Trap. Then he focuses on solving three questions: Why did the Malthusian Trap
persist so long? Why the Industrial Revolution occur in England, in1800? Why did the consequent
Great Divergence appear? The general answers are: the slow rate of technology advances; the
survival of the richest which helps to transmit middle class consciousness; the differences in
efficiency caused by labour quality. Thus, Clark considered the success of England more inclined to
the culture aspect.
Kenneth Pomeranz, the author of The Great Divergence: China, Europe and the Making of the
Modern World Economy, belongs to the California School. He thinks that the reason for the
appearance of the Industrial Revolution should be attributed to Britain's luck in geography,
especially the coals and colonies. And it is a sharp rapture instead of a gradual transition. Despite
comparing the past and present, Pomeranz does a horizontal comparison between relatively small
units, the wealthiest parts of the Europe and Asia before the eighteenth century. And he found that
the economies of these places were

The Divergence Of Opinion From One Technique
1.How would you explain the divergence of opinion from one technique to the next?
For the given two projects versioning alpha and beta, Identifying potential projects as part of their
strategic planning process, amongst different techniques of gauging project, Phyllis adopted two
techniques they are:
1. Weighted Scoring Model
2. Performing Net Value Analysis
Weighted scoring model in the current scenario explains us that project beta is the best scoring
project, which is recommended to adapt by the company, whereas in depth if we look on to the
individual score according to their Prominence, implies that project beta is strategically stronger
when compared to alpha, in addition weighted scoring model gives the information which is
abstract, not statistical which is meant only to get the perception about the project.
Significance to the Net Present Value Analysis Technique explains the detailed structure of amount
invested, cash flows and the net present value, which is nothing, but in common terms explained as
the amount invested is compared to the future cash amounts after they are discounted by a specific
rate of return, NPV helps to know the statistical data which is practical and quite more of practical
and numbers. We can calculate the NPV for the both projects and able to determine which project to
choose. For example, in our case project Alpha's NPV is $60,995 and project Beta's NPV is $25,695
after 5 and 3 years respectively. So, calculation discloses the dollar

Reconciling The Divergence Of The Nature Of Man Between...
Reconciling the Divergence of the Nature of Man between Classic and Modern Thinkers Within
Book 2 of Plato's work The Republic, Socrates' companion Glaucon describes the tale of the ring of
Gyges, challenging Socrates on the nature of man. Within the ring of Gyges scenario, Glaucon
posits that when an individual has the power granted by a ring of absolute invisibility that grants
impunity, "no one [...] would be so incorruptible that he would stay on the path of justice or stay
away from other people's property, when he could take whatever he wanted" (Plato 360c). Glaucon's
question presupposes a pessimistic attitude towards human nature, that individuals only act justly
due to societal pressures and retribution. Plato grapples with this idea throughout his work,
providing the contention that justice is a state of the soul and that individuals that abuse the power of
the ring of Gyges end up suffering due to an imbalance of the soul. Plato ultimately utilizes
Glaucon's argument to frame a major theme within The Republic, a question of the natural tendency
of human nature. This question has not only driven the works of Plato, but also of later thinkers
including Aristotle and Thomas Hobbes. Each of these authors provides distinct ideas regarding
what the authors believe to be the natural state of the human condition. The authors' beliefs about
humanity can best be read in their assessment of what constitutes the natural state of human
existence, such as Hobbes' state of

Reconvergence Of The Private Sector: A Case Study
The last main policy area noted by David Moon is the rejection of the private sector and thus heavy
use of the public sector. This is the main issue in where England and Wales have severely diverged
when it comes to health policy. As argued by Peter Vincent–Jones and David Hughes, this is because
we have seen both countries diverge away from the norm. Wales has moved towards a public
provision model whilst England has moved towards a hybrid of private and public. Vincent–Jones
and Hughes point to both as diverging but point towards England as the culprit who has diverged
from the social norm of the NHS, a public–funded health service, implying that if it was the other
way around England may have stopped the radical agenda. This shows a key ... Show more content
This reconvergence has been due to main distinct reasons, the initial shift for England to waiting list
targets came due to external pressure from the media due to a focus on this issue during the General
Elections of 2001 and 2005. Despite initial diverging from these types of targets, Wales has since
implemented these targets, due to experiencing several critical reports criticising the performance of
the Welsh NHS. This implementation is shown in the aftermath of the 2005 General Election after
UK Labour promised no one would wait 18 weeks from GP referral to treatment. Due to this
external pressure, Welsh Labour promised the same, but with a time frame of 26 weeks. This
framing of the issue in the media, which prioritised waiting lists times led to the Welsh health policy
being compared unfavourably to the English model which had adamantly pursued these targets
openly. The unfair nature of being compared on an issue which has been placed on less importance
highlights a key problem within the NHS. The problem being that despite divergences from all UK
administrations, the UK government is held as the standard–bearer and the 'norm' from which all
devolved administrations should emulate. This reconvergence around the waiting list targets in
England seems to outline that in areas in which a particular interest has been drawn by the British
media, as a collective, there has been a convergence with the English

Analyzing The Retrieved Sequences ( Divergence And...
Analysis of the retrieved sequences (divergence and conserved region)
The 24 outer capsid VP4 protein of Human rotavirus A from 14 countries were retrieved and
analyzed for their evolutionary relationship. The results suggest us that they are very similar in
distance Fig 2. Four conserved regions of more than 10 amino acids, were identified from the
multiple sequence alignment of 24 retrieved VP4 proteins Fig 3, Table 1 and S1 Fig. Among the
conserved regions, no. 2 and 4 included in all the 24 strains tested, while region 1 and 3 included 23
except UK and Italy respectively. Thereafter, The result from globplot 2.3 identified the several
disease causing region whereas conserved region SAIIDFKTLKNLNDNYGI was also one of them
Fig 4.
Homology modeling and Validation
The 3D structure of all VP4 proteins retrieved from fourteen countries(in this case Bangladeshi
strain, as all sequences are mostly similar) wereas predicted by using the Modeller 9v11 displayed in
S2 Fig. Different validation tools were employed for the structural quality assessment. The
Ramachandran plot from Procheck identified 88.6% residues in most favoured regions (in this case
Bangladeshi strain, as all sequences are mostly similar)S3 Fig . VERIFY3D also ensure a very good
3D structure of VP4 protein of rotavirus shown in S4 Fig.
Antigenicity determination of conserved region
The conserved region having amino acid composition SAIIDFKTLKNLNDNYGI was identified as
the highest antigenicity among the entire

Divergences In South America
Over the last 60 years, tourism has benefited from continuous growth and diversification, becoming
one of the largest as well as the fastest growing world's economic sectors. Tourism becomes one of
the major categories of global trade in services. Nowadays, 7% of global goods and services exports
are contributed by international tourism, and for the last four years, it has grown faster than the
general global trade.[ Exports from international tourism rise 4% in 2015, (2016, May 6). Retrieved
from http://media.unwto.org/press–release/2016–05–03/exports–international–tourism–rise–4–
2015]
In 2015, international arrivals in South America increased by 6%, with a mixed result across various
destinations. Paraguay, Chile and Colombia all enjoyed

Divergences in History: The Medieval and Renaissance Ages
Tying in aspects from the Medieval and Renaissance ages, Marlowe's Doctor Faustus unifies the
Medieval and Renaissance ages into a marvelous theatrical performance. When comparing it to
Frugoni's A Day in a Medieval City, there are evident similarities and differences between the
worldviews of these respective eras. A comparison between Doctor Faustus and A Day in a
Medieval City brings to light how greatly Europe changed in the span of a few centuries. First, the
organization of society is different. In most cases, this organization can be represented as a social
hierarchy. In Medieval society, the population was stratified in regard to the job, power, and respect
an individual possessed. For example, if a person was born into the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, the sons of merchants learn how to read, write, and perform mathematical
computation, whereas a peasant child is unlikely to receive even a rudimentary education. Education
does not function as a method for improving ones stature; rather, its purpose is to mold an individual
properly to the job he or she will perform for the community. The way people live also demonstrates
how people are simply seen as part of a greater whole. Akin to sardines, people are stuffed into
small homes amd utilize all available space as much as possible. Personal space is limited. In
Marlowe, Faustus is able to express his individualism much more freely than the medieval society
illustrated in Frugoni. He has greater control over his destiny, and is able to make decisions in his
life that other people in Medieval society could not or would not make. For example, Faustus is
depicted as a risk taker, one that is willing to take a gamble in order to gain a reward. People attempt
to dissuade him from these risks, but he ignores them. Throughout the play, characters are
introduced who are dissatisfied with their current situation and are willing to use whatever means
necessary to remedy them. For example, Wagner uses a devil in order to press a clown into his
service, advancing his social status. Education is also seen differently in Marlowe than in

The Communication Accommodation Theory Through...
This paper is going to show insight and inside knowledge of the communication accommodation
theory through convergence, divergence, social identity, and initial orientation. Throughout this
paper, evidence will be shown through these four different elements and four studies on how they
play an enormous role within communication behavior. Research that I have conducted show studies
that have tested and analyzed how participants in each test use these four elements when speaking
with a foreigner. I am going to apply these tests and results to my own experiences when I am
speaking with a foreigner, specifically for when I am in Sweden each summer when I am
communicating with Swedes. Then I will to go through and analyze how I converge, diverge, use
initial orientation and social identity while speaking with a Swede.
I am a dual–citizen of Sweden and the United States, I have the privilege to go back to Sweden and
stay there every summer. Since I am not the best Swedish speaker, I am going to apply my
experiences while I am there through the communication accommodation theory, and four
significant elements within that theory; which include convergence, divergence, initial orientation,
and social identity. In this paper, I argue that past studies are not as in–depth in analyzing all
possible situations such as my own situation applied through these elements. Especially since
applying this to foreigner communication, there is a twist since all Swedish citizens

The Great Economic Divergence Between China And Europe
The great economic divergence between China and Europe has generated countless debates, and as
various scholars unite to provide reasons for this phenomenon, numerous interesting theories are
born. Among these views is the monumental theory of history researcher and professor Kenneth
Pomeranz. Pomeranz's theory lists Europe's convenient access to coal and the New World colonies
as the chief reasons for its industrialization. However, many scholars, such as history professor Peter
Coclanis , question these claims and believe the divergence was caused by additional factors, not
just coal and the New World colonies. Pomeranz and Coclanis make interesting comments on the
ecological, cultural and political differences that existed in both areas and how each contributed to
this divergence. Historically, there have been numerous theories that attempt to explain the Great
Divergence, and analysis of Pomeranz's essay and Coclanis' article help reveal many potential
causes. The main point Pomeranz discusses in his essay is the large contributions ecological
differences, specifically Europe's convenient access to coal, had on the divergence. To initiate his
argument, Pomeranz explains that China's wealth before the industrial age was comparable to
Europe's , a fact Coclanis claims, is now impossible to overlook . Then, Pomeranz proceeds to use
his own calculations to show the shrinking supply of wood in Europe and China and finally, uses
historical demographer E.A. Wrigley's

The Distopian Novel Divergent, by Veronica Roth Essay
How is Tris Divergent?
Have you ever wondered how life would be like if society was divided into five factions, each
dedicated to the cultivation of a particular virtue ? What if you were different and did not belong in
any of the given factions? Then you are a lot like Tris. Tris Prior is the main character in the
dystopian novel Divergent, by Veronica Roth. She lives in a world where she must hide her true
uniqueness as a Divergent individual, otherwise she puts her life at risk. Tris's aptitude test result
was inconclusive, she has the ability to manipulate simulations and throughout the book she shows
characteristics from different factions which concludes that she is Divergent. Divergence is to be
special in the sense that you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her ability to manipulate simulations came in handy when Jeanine created a plot against the
Abnegation and used the Dauntless as her soldiers. The Dauntless initiates were all asleep and
unaware of what they were doing because it was all under a simulation... except Tris "I must be
awake because I am Divergent." (Roth pg. 419). Instead of showing characteristics from just her
new faction (Dauntless) or her old faction (Abnegation), Tris tends to show characteristics from
other factions too such as Erudite. Her response to the dog in her aptitude test was considered
intelligent and courageous because of the fact that she did not run in fear of getting attacked.
Instead, she leaned down and was nice to the dog. In the Dauntless manifesto it states; "We believe
in ordinary acts of bravery, in the courage that drives one person to stand up for another" and that is
exactly what Tris did in two situations throughout the book. (Roth pg. 47) The Abnegation inside her
shined through when she chose to jump on the visious dog to save the inoccent little girl who's
intention was only to pet the dog. The second situation was when she stood up for Al and took his
place in front of the target while Four threw knives. She did this because she believed that anyone
can stand in front of a target and that it does not prove anything. After all, she did reveal this

Gamete Divergence
Anisogamy is an interesting process to study simply because of how it affects organisms' lives. The
size of a gamete can be so easily affected by the ability to move and by how easily they survive.
This seems to be taken for granted when you think about how the size of these gametes essentially
determinates how many sexes we have and who invests more in the offspring. For example, if
gametes form in different sizes, then the number of sizes created will be the number of sexes we
have. Although, it would not realistically create more than two sexes. This can be simply explained
by the fact that gametes are competitive to pair up with another gamete. If they cannot be the biggest
and best option to pair up with, then they must compete to be the ... Show more content on
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However, it seems as though gametes used smaller sizes to get around a higher difficulty–of–
movement. Part three, I hypothesized that if gametes have a lower aging–fitness loss, then there will
be less investment in the gametes and, therefore, the gametes will be smaller. As can be seen in the
table from part three, this is not the case. Gamete Divergence is true in two out of three of the
difficulty–of–movement variations and, therefore, shows that at least one of the two gametes was
rather large in comparison to the other. Therefore, my hypothesis could not be true. For part three I
also hypothesized that if the ease of mobility is low and aging–fitness loss is high, then gametes will
be larger due to more investment in both. Again, this is incorrect. Yet again, the Gamete Divergence
is present in two out of three trials, as shown by the numbers given in the table for part three.
Therefore, again one of the gametes must have been rather small in comparison to others; which
makes my hypothesis false. For part three, it seemed as though that once the difficulty–of–
movement got high enough, Gamete Divergence would occur and not allow for both gametes to be
large or

The Great Divergence Essay

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