3. His government focused on dismantling the legacy
of apartheid through tackling institutionalized
racism, poverty and inequality, and fostering racial reconciliation.
Mandela was committed to nonviolent resistance, having drawn
influence by Mohandas Gandhi. Mandela spent 27 years in
prison, during which time his reputation grew.
About Nelson Mandela
He was Born on 18 July 1918.
He was a South African anti-apartheid
revolutionary, politician and
philanthropist who served
as President of South Africa from
1994 to 1999.
4. • It is better to lead from behind and to put others in front,
especially when you celebrate victory when nice things occur. You
take the front line when there is danger. Then people will
appreciate your leadership.
• Long speeches, the shaking of fists, the banging of tables and
strongly worded resolutions out of touch with the objective
conditions do not bring about mass action and can do a great deal
of harm to the organization and the struggle we serve.”
Thinking Of Mandela
6. Emotional Stability
• His ability to control and manage his emotions where
others might be unable was astounding, to the point
of embracing those that had imprisoned him.
• Emerging without bitterness, he actively place
forgiveness at the forefront of moving forward, both
for himself and for South Africa.
7. Extraversion
Mandela asserted his opinions tactfully, and subtly
guided opinion in his favor.
His vision and passion of ending the brutal apartheid
system and setting his country on a path to freedom was
a cause that he was willing to give his life for.
His dignity and easy grace separated him from others,
and ensured that his self-assuredness and commanding
presence could not be ignored.
8. Agreeableness
• During his imprisonment,
a time that for most would
be one of despair, hostility
and bitterness, Mandela
was known to care for
those that were sick or
wounded, and to walk
proudly though the prison
yard.
• His agreeableness was apparent to all through his ability
to be accepting and nurturing to everyone around him.
9. Conscientiousness
Mandela when listening to ancestral stories of valor during
wars of resistance in defense of their land, he also dreamed
of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of
his people.
– Integrity: Mandela was known as an honest and respected
man who was successfully able to move South Africa to fair
and free elections.
– He did what he said he was going to do. Mandela consistently
modeled the core values he espoused. This integrity was
essential to earning the respect of the outgoing white
apartheid regime, and eventually the respect of millions of
South African citizens.
10. Openness
• Mandela’s openness enabled him to see through the
differences and discrimination of his time, to a future of
common humanity, brotherhood and peace.
• Mandela appears to be more of a visionary.
Unique idea to unify the nation of South Africa by getting
them all to support one team
11. Emotional Intelligence
• Mandela understood that he could
not be just himself anymore, that
he depended on others and
therefore if he could engage with
those people he could create
better opportunities for a more
bearable life.
•Mandela was aware that his
existence in jail would be much
worse alone, and that by
influencing others and using them
to help he could improve it, but to
do this he had to manage himself
•“I was made by the law a
criminal, not because of what I
had done but because of what I
stood for”.
•This allowed him to establish
relationships with his jailors.
Mandela made people feel bigger,
and in achieving this he also rose
as a leader.
Relationship
managemen
t
Self
Awareness
Social
awareness
Self-
manageme
nt
12. Self confidence
• Mandela had confidence in his ability to
do good for the nation. He strictly
rejected the offer made by jailers of
remission of sentence in exchange of the
Bantustan Policy.
15. He anticipated
• When offered freedom in
exchange for renouncing
opposition to the
government, Mandela
rebuked President Botha:
“What freedom am I being
offered while the
organization of the people
remains banned? … What
freedom am I being offered if
I must ask permission to live
in an urban area?”
16. He challenged
• Botha’s successor F.W. de Klerk called for
democratic elections and in 1994, Mandela
became president of South Africa in a very
rare, peaceful and orderly transition from
white minority to black-majority rule.
Mandela and de Klerk shared the Nobel
Peace Prize in 1993 “for their work for
the peaceful termination of the
apartheid regime, and for laying the
foundations for a new democratic South
Africa.”
17. He interpreted
• Nelson Mandela recognized
that South Africa could
follow in Zimbabwe’s
footsteps, unless he
practiced racial harmony.
That meant forgiving without
forgetting and sharing power.
“We have to surprise [the white
minority] with restraints and
generosity,” he said. A master of
symbolism, Mandela invited his
prison guards to the presidential
swearing-in ceremony.
18. He decided
• In 1993, a white man
assassinated Chris Hani, a leader of
the South African Communist Party,
triggering a widespread
demonstration against the de Klerk
government. Mandela, recently out
of prison, had the guts to call for
peace when people wanted
revenge.
• He also made a courageous decision
to use sports as a means of healing,
believing, “Sport…has the power to
unite people in a way that little else
does
19. He aligned
• “We understand it
still that there is no
easy road to
freedom…none of us
acting alone can
achieve success. We
must therefore act
together as a united
people, for national
reconciliation, for
nation building, for
the birth of a new
world.”
20. He learned
• Mandela exemplifies how a strategic leader adjusts strategy and
execution amid complex social, political, legal and economic forces
without compromising deeply held values.
• His thinking took a sharp turn when he met leaders of the Communist
Parties of China and Vietnam who were striving to privatize state
enterprises. “They changed my views altogether,” Mandela told a
biographer.
21. Integrity
• He did what he said he
was going to
do. Mandela
consistently modeled
the core values he
espoused
22. Optimist
• Mandela surviving 27
years of
imprisonment. It was
this optimism that gave
Mandela the strength
to emerge as an
international leader
from the moment he
left prison.
23. Creative Visionary
• He did what he said he was
going to do. Mandela
consistently modeled the
Mandela knew in what
direction he needed to take
his country. He was creative
in the ways that he moved his
people toward achieving this
vision. His use of sport, the
Rugby World Cup in
particular, is an extraordinary
example of his creative vision.
• values he espoused
24. Collaborative and kind
• It was this cultivation and
expectation of collaboration,
modeled by Mandela himself,
that allowed the country's
decision-makers to let go of
their original mentality: "my
people's agenda vs. yours" —
a mentality that was palpable
at every turn when Mandela
took office in 1994. Beyond all
else, Mandela’s fostering of a
collaborative and inclusive
culture (and country) was the
key to avoiding a civil war — a
war that had seemed almost
25. Flexible
• Mandela encouraged,
empowered,
complimented, listened
to and sought input from
all around him. At the
same time, Mandela
knew when it was time
to be direct and
assertive; he knew when
it was time to challenge
others and hold folks
accountable.
27. • Nelson Mandela had a strong leadership role
that combined to make him as influential and
inspiring a leader as our world had seen.
• Each trait helped in bringing about a change in
the condition of the people of South Africa.
• Some of them were:
28. He was a person of
Integrity:
Mandela
consistently modeled
the core values he
espoused; this
earned him respect
of the outgoing
white apartheid
regime.
29. He was a true Optimist:
This optimism that led to
Mandela surviving 27 years
of imprisonment. Mandela
came out of prison in 1990
expressing no bitterness
towards his tormentors;
Espoused the principles of
nation building and
cooperative governance.
30. Believed deeply in
the goodness of all
human beings:
Empowered his
former captors.
Though not an
important trait, this
helped him survive
with little bloodshed
in SA.
31. Choosing collaboration over
retaliation:
Retaliation deepens divides;
collaboration heals them.
Retaliation perpetuates
ignorance; collaboration
promotes learning and
progress.
Assembled a multiracial,
mixed-gendered leadership
team to combat apartheid as
head of the ANC.
32. The Creative Visionary:
He knew in what
direction he needed to
take his country.
His use of sport, the
Rugby World Cup in
particular, is an
extraordinary example of
his creative vision.
33. He was flexible with great
interpersonal skills:
Mandela encouraged,
empowered, complimented,
listened to input from
everyone.
At the same time, Mandela
knew when it was time to be
direct and assertive.
Also, took a strong stand
against the world’s giant super
powers, for the defense of
Africa.
34. How South Africa has changed since
Nelson Mandela
• Economic growth Though overall GDP growth fluctuated, personal incomes
showed a more steady increase. As a crude measure of
that wealth, GDP per capita rose from $5,760 in 1990 to
$6,679 10 years later
35. Unemployment
• Though the changes were slow, there was an
increase in the percentage of South Africans in
work during the 1990s, from 48.4% in the year
of Mandela's release to 52.2% in 2000 - a rise
of more than half a million people.
36. Trade
After 1992, as a percentage of all economic output, trade
began to constitute a larger part of South Africa's overall
economic wellbeing.
40. What makes Nelson Mandela a leader?
Dedication, inspiration,
and his vision of change.
Preaching equality for all
may it be white or black
Put an end to
segregation/apartheid rule
of Africa and the first black
president of the country.
He dedicated his life to
achieving freedom for his
people
Motivating others
Peaceful tactics to
resolve conflicts
41. • Basically he used 5 parts of leadership.
What makes Nelson Mandela a leader?
He modeled the way(eg. Non violence,
Equality for all)
Inspired a shared vision( Eg. Equality and
Integration)
Enabled others to act (Eg. Allowed others
to emerge as leaders)
Challenged the process (eg. Challenged
the leadership style of the whites)
Encouraged the heart (eg connect,
inspire and give courage )
42. Kind of leader - Transformational
• Nelson Mandela was able to do this by inspiring
the followers campaigning for equal rights and
against apartheid.
Inspirational
motivation
• Supportive behavior towards followers, showing
concern for their needs, encouraging and
assisting development.
Individualised
consideration
• People perceived him as confident, competent
and committed to higher ideals and ethics.
Idealised
influenced
• Changing outlook on life. Mandela made his
followers realised that their sacrifices and
decisions would lead South Africa to “freedom”.
Intellectual
stimulation
43. Kind of Leader - Charismatic
• Apartheid
Situation of
Crisis/Change
• the democratic South Africa where everyone would have
equal rights
Vision
• He held strong emotional reactions towards his followers
• Despite being in Prison his followers believed in him to
continue to fight for apartheid and pledged willing obedience
to him.
Followers
• 1994 election, every South African has equal voting right
• Involvement of both the blacks and whites in the functioning
of the government
Validation
through
success
Bayer & Browning
44. Kind of Leader – Ethical
• Mandela had strong ethical values through having a
heart and soul of leadership by consistently advising his
followers to adopt a peaceful course of action and to
avoid all violence.
45. Kind of leadership – Servant
• Nelson Mandela lived to serve others
• His achievements were not only to benefit himself or his own
goals, but also to achieve goals of the fellow man
• Despite the personal cost, he stayed true to his conviction that
South Africa should be a democracy with one-person, one-vote
equality for all of its citizens.
• He worked with those who had imprisoned him at Robben
Island to bring about a peaceful transition of power.
• He walked away from power leaving the example for South
Africa that dictatorships and royal families are poor governing
models.
52. Effective Followers in constructing
leadership
Traits
Possess of a high level of organizational
understanding
Make sound decisions
Show enthusiasm when asked to do tasks
Support leader and group energetically
Take Moral Action when needed Participate
in Transformation Constructively Challenge
counterproductive policies & behaviors
Demonstrate strong commitment to their
work
Take on a high level of responsibility.
Implemen
ters
Resources
Partners
Individual
ists
Types
“Followers take their
own responsibility
seriously, in which . . .
They are committed to
caring for and
supporting leaders
who use their power
for the common good,
will reject budding
tyrants . . .
Before they amass
power”
53. Nelson Mandela’s views about the
Role of Follower’s who represent
their courageous leader
Courage to take Moral Actions
Courage to assume responsibility
Courage to serve
Courage to participate in transformation
Courage to challenge
Courage to lead from front
Courage to grow the courage
Courage to take challenge
Courage to live with paradox
Courage to create own brand of leadership
Courage to say NO
Courage to lead the change
Courage to bring its own successor
Mandela Transform to a
Leader
55. 5 Essential Leadership Power
Essential
Powers
Reward
Coercive
LegitimateReferent
Expert
Relationship between
Leadership and Power
56. Types of Power
• Legitimate Power
– Used after becoming a President in 1994 – Could fall
into a civil war due to deep wounds by apartheid.
– Stopped brain drain in South Africa, also known as
white flight.
– Allay fears of the white minority, invited his prison
guards when he was being sworn as the president.
– Contained violence due to killing of Hani in 1993.
• Personal Power
– Rejected the proposal to be independent from
President Botha.
– Rose too prominence in ANC through his liberal politics
especially defiance campaign.
57. • Expert Power
– Expertise of establishing peace and unity.
– Made the springbok emblem to stay and made
Afrikaans speaking white to believe they had a place
in the country.
• Connection Power
– Established linkages with all sections of the society to
effectively influence the movement of the masses.
• Referent Power
– One-to-one relationship with followers and leaders to
guide the future of South Africa
Types of Power and Influencing Tactics
58. Mandela views about Power
On day when he got released from Jail
after 27Yrs, he said,
"The time comes in the life of any
nation when there remain only two
choices - submit or fight. That time has
now come to South Africa. We shall
not submit and we have no choice but
to hit back by all means in our power
in defence of our people, our future,
and our freedom".
Political Views:
Democracy and Social Order
Quitting is leading too: Mandela’s
Job was to set the course not to
steer the ship as he says leaders
lead as much by what they choose
not to do as what they do.
Lead from the back: Mandela
often called meeting of his kitchen
cabinet at his home for which he
was discouraged but he simply
listen to the rebuttals.
60. Mandela’s struggle with leadership in
his Govt. Administration
Nelson in struggle to maintain equality and democracy
throughout his people, he said,
I have fought against white domination, and I have fought
against black domination.
have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in
which all persons live together in harmony and with equal
opportunities.
It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.
But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.
