Graphene Structure & Fabrication Methods Explored

Graphene Structure, Physical Properties, And Fabrication...
1.3 Graphene structure, physical properties, and fabrication methods
1.3.1 Graphene structure
In 2004, two scientists prepared the graphene, a single planar layer of graphite, which has a double
carbon atoms bonds. Each carbon atom joins itself with three atoms by strong σ covalent bonds, the
strong carbon–carbon bonding granted graphene a rigid structure. With four valence electrons, each
carbon atom can contribute one unbounded electron to form π bonds above the plane of the carbon
sheet. Graphene layers arrange as hexagons and every hexagon is completely surrounded by other
hexagons that are packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice as shown in Figure ‎
1 3. Their thickness is
about one atom thick [6] and their bond–length in the range of 0.142nm[7][8]. Thus, in 1 mm thick
graphite, there are about 3 million graphene sheets[9]. The 2010 Nobel Prize in physics has been
awarded to the two scientists: Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov from University of
Manchester (UK) for their research in graphene – discovery. Also, the surface area of the single
sheet is 2630 m2/g [10].
This sheet is the most interesting form of carbon allotropes which promises to be a super–material
due to its super properties. Graphene is the mother of other carbon allotropes as shown in Figure ‎
1 4
[11]. The sheets of graphene in graphite are held bonding together by van der Waals electrostatic
force [12].
Figure ‎
1 4: Carbon al Graphene is a 2D building material for carbon materials of all
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Case Study : Industry Self Regulation Without Sanctions :...
Self–Regulatory Arrangements: Exploring the Power of Business in Self–Regulatory Regimes Luis
A. Santiago–Gaetan University of Massachusetts–Amherst Case Studies Case Study #1: Industry
Self–Regulation Without Sanctions: The Chemical Industry's Responsible Care Program (King and
Lenox, 2000) According to the study, the creators of the Responsible Care Program claim that it was
created to "promote continuous improvement in member company environmental, health and safety
performance in response to public concerns, and to assist members ' demonstration of their
improvements to critical public audiences" (King and Lenox, 2000). It is also documented in the
study that the authors claim that the Responsible Care Program was created in October 1989 (King
and Lenox, 2000). Actually, during the conducting of this study, the researcher found discrepancies
with that timeline. According to official documents from the American Chemistry Council, formerly
known as the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA), the Responsive Care Initiative was
enacted and launched in Canada in 1985 by the Chemistry Industry Association of Canada (ACC,
2013). Additionally, later in 1988 was adopted by the American Chemistry Council, which back
then was CMA, since then, the Responsible Care Program Guiding Principles have been revised
many times (ACC, 201). During the 1980's and more specific the during the period when the
Responsible Care Initiative was enacted in 1985, the chemical industry as a

Petrified Wood
2. Background on the mineralogical composition of petrified woods
A diverse suite of minerals and phases have been found in petrified woods from all over the world.
The common species found range from pure opal to pure quartz whereas others include calcite,
dolomite, pyrite, goethite, phosphates (apatite), laumontite, uraninite, sphalerite and organics
(Nowak et al., 2005). In coal deposits inundated by sea–water (Yossifova et al., 2011), the woods
can be permineralized by quartz, plagioclase, muscovite, smectite, kaolinite and nacrite (a typical
hydrothermal mineral).
Cross–polarized light shows that opal–CT has very low interference colours, in contrast to the
brighter colours typical of chalcedony (Mustoe, 2008). However, polarizing microscope images
alone cannot resolve the degree of crystallinity of phases. For this, XRD and Raman microscopy are
required to clearly identify chalcedony, moganite, orthorhombic–silica, opal–CT, opal–C and quartz
(Hatipoğlu and Türk, 2009). It is not easy to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Organic constituents of cell walls have a strong affinity for silicic acid molecules (Leo &
Barghoorn, 1976). Opal–mineralized woods have densities ) are attached to the interior surfaces of
cell walls, where they are enclosed within colourless chalcedony that later permineralized the cell
lumina (Mustoe, 2008). The observed alternating crystallization of quartz and chalcedony may be
caused by variations in the degree of silica saturation of the mineral–forming SiO–bearing fluids.
These results confirm the earlier conclusions of Heaney and Davis (1995) and Götze et al. (1998)
who showed that the agate structure can probably be interpreted as an alternating formation of fine–
grained, highly defective chalcedony intergrown with moganite, and coarse–grained low–defect
quartz (Götze et al.,

Essay about The Price of Diamonds Is Too High
Statement: "The price of diamonds is too high."
The diamond cartel is the most successful and long–lasting cartel in history. The cartel created a
scarcity for diamond and stabilized the prices at a high level. This essay will be discussing the
validity of the statement with reference to the market of the diamond industry, history of the
diamond cartel, how the price of diamonds is determined, and the implications thereof.
"A cartel is a group of firms acting together...to limit output, raise prices, and increase economic
profit." (Parkin et al., 2013:312) The diamond cartel formed when diamonds were discovered in
South Africa. This discovery, in 1870, brought a rush of prospectors to South Africa to search for
alluvial diamonds. The search ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the discovery of diamonds resulted in an overall decrease in the price and value of
diamonds.
Rhodes saw the diamond cartel as a solution to this problem. Rhodes used the cartel to limit the
supply of diamonds to the actual demand, thereby stockpiling the excess supply. De Beers not only
controlled the market in South Africa, but they also expanded their holdings to other parts of the
world, such as, England and Israel. (Epstein, 1982:1) By 1929, when Sir Oppenheimer took control
of De Beers, the transition between the actual mining to the distribution, which is controlled by the
Central Selling Organizing (CSO), became centrally controlled. (Spar, 2006:197–198)
By analysing the definition of monopoly, which "...is the exclusive right of a person, corporation or
state to sell a particular commodity" (Lerner, 1934:157), we can deduce that the diamond industry is
a single–price monopoly; in other words, De Beers created its own barriers to prevent others from
entry by obtaining control of the supply of diamonds (Parkin et al., 2013:273) and selling at the
same price to all its customers (Parkin et al., 2013:275). Since by definition, a monopoly consists of
one entity, a monopolist has complete control of the supply of the commodity; therefore, it has
market power and, thus, has the ability to control the prices. (Parkin et al., 2013:272–273) The same
would apply to the diamond industry: De Beers was the only firm that mined

Discovery Of Diamonds And Gold Diamonds
Discovery of Diamonds
Most all of the world has had a love affair with diamonds. They are sparkling, mesmerizingly
beautiful and considered rare gems. Yet, if you knew the history and the blood that is shed over the
133 million carats of diamonds mined each year, you would probably never buy a diamond again.
Diamonds have been considered valuable since they were found. To understand the diamond
industry we must first look at when they were discovered and where they are mined. Although, the
first diamonds discovered were not mined but found in alluvial deposits along the banks of Orange
River in India around 4000 BC. It's interesting to think that in both India and Africa the first
diamonds were found above ground and not through any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
These children will rape, kill, torture anybody on command because they have been abused and
brainwashed to believe they are fighting a war for their country's benefit. Infamous within this
history is the Small Boys Unit in Sierra Leone. I read about horrendous accounts of torture and even
eating the flesh and organs of their victims. The diamonds of this area of Sierra Leone were coined
"blood diamonds" because of this. This is not the only country in Africa to use the money from
diamond sales this way. Angola also funded a war with over 3 billion worth of revenue from the
diamond industry. Behind all of this corruption in Africa one main diamond producer, the De Beer
Family. It was an Englishman, Cecil John Rhodes, that formed De Beers Consolidated Mines in
Africa in 1866. He managed to keep prices high by controlling the mining operations of the largest
mine in Africa. Even with all his efforts, as more diamond mines were discovered, the prices of
diamonds dropped a bit in the early 1900s. In order to counteract this, De Beers, was clever to hire
an advertising agency to work up a genius way of addressing the price decline by increasing the
demand for quality diamonds. In 1947, De Beers managed to corner the market on the engagement
ring and fine jewelry industry by coining the term "A diamond is forever" and then many other
successful slogans like "Diamonds are a girl's best friend." now almost 80% of engagement rings are
presented with a

The And Of The Czech Republic
Introduction
Bury carbon dioxide 100 miles into the Earth and heat it to about 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit. Then
place it under the pressure of 725,000 pounds per square inch and quickly rush towards the earth's
surface to cool. What would that result in? A diamond (Bain & Company, 2011 p.3). Otherwise
known as the quintessential token of love and promise. Diamond consumption, particularly
diamonds as engagement rings, is much higher in the United States in comparison to the Czech
Republic, due primarily to better brand development, which we can see in the synonymous nature of
diamonds equating to love, and a stronger, more developed consumerist mentality.
History The word diamond comes from the Greek word adamas meaning "adamant" or
"unbreakable." As mentioned before, the diamond crystals form deep within the mantle of the earth
at intense pressures and temperatures, and then are blasted towards the surface in the course of
violent eruptions, which can be referenced in figure 1. The tradition of giving a ring to the woman
who has agreed to become the bride dates back centuries. Anthropologists believe this tradition
originated from a roman custom indicating their husbands' ownership (americangemsociety.org).
Worn on the left hand on the finger nearest to the pinky, it was believed that there lay a vein, the
vena amoris, that lead to the heart. This idea of the vein was popularized by Henry Swinburne in A
Treatise of Spousals in 1686 (wikipedia.org). Yet, diamond

The Economic Impact Botswana Has Faced Because Of Their...
A geographer investigates the economic impact Botswana has faced because of their diamond
industry. In this paper I will be discussing how Botswana has economically developed as well as the
struggles the country has faced due to the diamond industry. We will also dive into how Botswana's
geographic location affects the diamond industry.
Botswana is a small country roughly the size of Texas with a population of 1.7 million people(insert
source). About four fifths of Botswana is desert; more specifically the Kalahari Desert. This makes
Botswana what geographer's call a sub–Saharan, land locked country. As a whole Botswana covers
224,607 square miles, yet contains only 1,444,000 people, making it one the most thinly populated
countries in Africa. The eastern portion is where most people reside, because the Kalahari Desert
covers almost all the rest of the nation. Botswana 's climate is a semiarid one, consisting of very hot
summers, and warm winters. Flat and rolling land makes up the topography of Botswana, with the
Kalahari in the southwest. To the right is a well displayed picture of Botswana's topography.
In a Times Magazine article "A Diamond in the Rough" by Scott Beaulier in 2010. Beaulier stated,
"Many economists believe in the geography hypothesis, which states that countries that are northern
and near water will prosper, while those that are southern and land locked will most likely struggle."
Botswana broke the mold on this. Botswana is both a southern and land

Review Of ' Amazing Night With Logan '
I had been about two weeks since Lexi had gone to the doctors and had experienced that amazing
night with Logan. She was about three days late for her period now and had just come back from the
store, a pregnancy test in hand. Now she was anxiously awaiting the results. She bit her lip, looking
in the mirror. What if she really was pregnant? How would Logan react? Would he be happy or
mad? Lexi really wanted a baby, to start her own family, especially with Logan. The test suddenly
dinged and Lexi picked it up excitedly. It was positive! I'm going to have a baby! Lexi squealed in
delight. She was about to run out of the bathroom and find Logan to tell him the good news when
she suddenly realized that he was out of the house for the day. She sighed softly and decided to wait
until he got home. She wanted to tell him in person.
Logan had woken up early. He looked over at Lexi, still sleeping before kissing her forehead gently,
trying not to wake her. He got dressed quietly before walking over to the nightstand and scribbling a
note. Have to do some errands today. Should be back around lunch time, I'll bring back some food!
I'll miss you. Stay beautiful!
– Love Logan
Logan placed the note where he knew she would find it when she woke up before leaving the
bedroom. He grabbed a quick bite to eat before he heard his phone buzz. It was Noah.
Hey. I'm outside. U rdy?
Logan quickly texted back.
Yep. Heading down now.
Logan grabbed his keys and

Quartz Research Paper
They cost 75 dollars per square foot. Quartz is made of silicon and oxygen atoms. On the Mohs
scale it is 7 for hardness. The category it is under is oxide mineral. The crystal structure is trigonal.
The Chemical formula is SiO2. The luster is vitreous, waxy, dull. The streak color is white. The
fracture is conchoidal. Quartz is found in all types of rocks igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary.
Quartz is resistant to weathering. White sands are the easiest way to find quartz in the sand. There is
also some white or pink feldspar as well. Quartz is one of the most common minerals in the earth
crust. Quartzs is a constituent of granite and felsic igneous rocks.
Have you ever looked out your window? Sitting in class bored looking out the window. In those
windows there is quartz. We look out a window everyday of our lives. Have you ever been to a
beach? In the sand you walk on there is tiny pieces of quartz. There is also pieces of feldspar. If you
wear a watch there is quartz in that watch. The quartzs help regulate time.
Quartz csn make a lot of different gemstones. The types of gemstones it makes Amethyst, and
citrine. Some other types of gemstones is Agate, Carnelian, Tigers eye, and Chrysoprase. Some of
the colors it makes is White, Blue, Colorless, Green, Red, Orange, Yellow, Pink, Brown, Gray,
Purple, Black, Multicolor. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stones that are hard will take a long time to polish. Second wash the rock. If the rock is dirty, wash
it thoroughly with soap and water. Third shape the rock. If you want your rock to be rounder, use a
small hammer or a chisel to chip away at the stone. Fourth rub the stone of rough grade sandpaper.
This helps get all the bumps out of your rock. Firth use fine grade sandpaper to remove scratches.
Sixth sand with 300 to 600 grade sandpaper. This is the overall sandpaper. Seventh rub the stone
with a piece of leather with polish. When you are done sanding it polish it with leather and tube

The Zale Corporation Case
THE ZALE CORPORATION
Zale Corporation is a leading specialty retailer of diamonds and other jewelry products in North
America. The Company has significant brand name recognition as a result of each of its brands'
long–standing presence in the industry, having 2.349 stores in the United States, Puerto Rico and
Canada.
The Company´s vision "provide customers with quality merchandise at the lowest possible price"
has remain the same since its first store opening in 1920´s.
The Mission of Zale Corporation is to be the best specialty retailer in North America. Our goal is to
develop and maximize the finest collection of jewelry brands in order to build lasting customer
relationships that will generate solid returns for our shareholders. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The retail fine jewelry chain stores hold the largest share of the market.
* Zale remains the dominant specialty retailer.
* According to Jewelers Circular Keystone, as well as the US census bureau, about 25% of the
specialty retail purchases traditionally occur in December with diamond jewelry accounting for
nearly 50% of the specialty retail sales.
* According to statistics offered by Claritas Inc., "Chicago will lead with jewelry and watch sales
totaling about $2.5 billion into 2007"
* Jewelry sales were expected to rise $61.8 billion by 2007".
* In 2005, online jewelry sales have a 3.5% market share, and they are projected to reach a 7.7%
share in 2010.
The Threats: * Zale faces a variety of competitors who are not exclusively operating in the jewelry
industry, such as department stores like JCPenny, Wal–Mart, online retailers and television home
shopping programs.
* Competitors like Signet, Tiffany & Co., Odimo Inc. and Blu Nile Inc target the exact same
market as does Zale, being signet and tiffany & Co. the biggest competition.
* Jewelry retailers are often the first affected by cooling economic conditions.

* In the last few years consumers has shown an increase interest in designer jewelry.
* Introduction of synthetic diamonds at a fraction of the cost of natural diamonds may become a
mayor competitive factor in the near future. 71% of customers would also be willing

The Price of Diamonds Is too High Essay
"The price of diamonds is too high"
This essay discusses the statement "the price of diamonds is too high"; it will analyze the diamond
cartel and its history in order to determine the validity of this statement. Various microeconomic
theories will be discussed and explained, all of which are involved in the diamond cartel. The
Oxford Dictionary defines a cartel as "an association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose
of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition" [Oxford Dictionaries; unknown].
Therefore, the diamond cartel consists of a group of manufacturers/suppliers of diamonds who come
together in order to restrict supply and as a result increase the price of diamonds. This essay will
focus, mainly; on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this changed in 1870 when diamond mines were found in Kimberly (South Africa) ["Have
you ever tried to sell a diamond?" – Edward Jay Epstein; unknown]. This discovery was a huge
danger to the few manufactures and suppliers of diamonds as with the large amounts, and therefore
the increased supply, of diamonds, they would no longer be considered rare/scare [Ivona Vogelsang;
2005]; therefore their value and price would decrease as a result. This can be understood by using
the diminishing marginal utility theory, the more people have of something (or the greater the
quantity/supply) the less it is valued (the lower the utility) [Michael Parkin et al.; 2010]. The less it
is valued, the less people are willing to pay (unless it is price inelastic) as a result decreasing the
price of the product/service.
De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd. identified this threat and 18 years after the discovery in Kimberly
they became integrated into South Africa. In order to monopolize De Beers began to buy, from
African nations, private mining rights, they also managed to control mine output in order to restrict
the supply of diamonds. Unfortunately, despite their best efforts to limit the supply of diamonds
with the intention of increasing their price, in the 1930's the demand for diamonds started to
decrease rapidly [Ivona Vogelsang; 2005]. In response to the large decrease

Necklace Research Papers
Necklaces are a great way to accentuate your features and bring out the glow of your skin.
Nowadays, there are many kinds of necklaces you can choose from meaning that you may have a
difficult time in deciding what kind of necklace you like best. Necklaces can usually be
differentiated according to their lengths and widths. For example, the choker is the shortest necklace
at fourteen to sixteen inches long, it is followed by the princess necklace which is eighteen inches
long. Meanwhile, still another type of necklace is the matinee necklace which is at twenty two to
twenty three inches long; this type of necklace is usually above the cleavage area. The last type of
necklace is the longest one, the opera necklace; this type of necklace is below the cleavage and is
placed at the breastbone.
Necklaces have been popular since ancient civilizations; you have probably already encountered the
image of Cleopatra, the Egyptian queen, wearing different kinds of jewelry. But in fact, necklaces
have been used even before that time because there are some discoveries that suggest that necklaces
were used even during the time when the Israelis evacuated Egypt. Also note that from the painting
of Thebes, necklaces have been used by people in that era. Both men and women from the ancient ...
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The gems can come in all shapes and sizes and the necklace will give the background it needs to
make things even more beautiful. On the other hand, fashionable and individual style choices should
not be left out in selecting beautiful necklaces; there are bead necklaces, pearl necklaces, and even
fake necklaces to suit a multitude of moods. There is no limit to the innovations being made to the
once traditional necklace. It is really no wonder then that aside from the ring, the necklace is the
most preferred type of jewelry being given to your special someone when an occasion

Persuasive Essay On Necklace
CaratLane brings royalty to your doorstep!
You deserve to be treated like the special woman you are and this collection of Gemstone Necklaces
by CaratLane helps you achieve just that. Extravagant yet sophisticated, these chic pieces of
jewellery have been carefully crafted to sit pretty on your neck and make you stand out in a crowd.
CaratLane offers a humungous variety of these dainty Gemstone Necklaces which are the perfect
accessories for that exquisite neck of yours!
Get your own personal gemstone at Caratlane.com
Each and every woman dreams of owning an exceptional piece of jewellery that makes everyone sit
up and take notice. Well, choose the Dewdrop Amethyst Necklace or the Amore Heart Necklace and
watch heads turn as you walk! If you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Do you need any more reason to fall head over heels in love with CaratLane's collection of Hoops
and Huggies Diamond Earrings?
These chic pairs of Hoops and Huggies Diamond Earrings are so unique and striking that they make
people sit up and take notice, no matter where you go.
Choose your favourite pair and enjoy the shimmering radiance
CaratLane brings an exhaustive collection of 140 odd pairs – made with gold or platinum that adds
to the glamour of these tasteful earrings. If you need a light and comfortable yet, noticeable pair of
earrings, you can choose any of the aesthetic hoop designs such as the Crescent Hoop Earrings or
the Sequenced Hoops.
Do you want earrings which flow gracefully and let your ears enjoy the attention? Then you will be
bowled over by the Palatial Huggies or the Duet Shine Huggies. Either way, you are going to get
some glittering diamonds for yourself!
Get that diamond home – visit Caratlane.com
Be assured that your shopping experience at CaratLane will be the best you have ever had. Here's
how we ensure that you do not face any trouble at

Stochastic Grinding Process Development For Metal Bonded...
Deterministic grinding process development for metal bonded diamond grinding wheels through
patterned grinding wheel by utilizing micro EDM comprises four main investigation on: (1) material
removal mechanism considering interaction between diamond grains, workpiece, metal bond and
electrical spark, (2) effective pattern geometry design for effective material removal and grinding
performance, (3) application of micro EDM to create the pattern on the metal bonded grinding
wheel, (4) analysing the grinding performance on hard materials such as Inconel and carbide. We
believe that knowledge obtained in these four subjects through journal publications and
conference/seminar will benefit academics in the field of manufacturing technology, surface science
and materials engineering. Especially, establishing a FEM/SPH model which can present different
material removal phases, rubbing, ploughing, and cutting during grinding and mechanical
interaction between abrasive grains, metal bond, and workpiece will benefit the researcher in the
field of micromachining by providing advanced understanding on metal cutting mechanism at micro
scale for hard materials. Because grinding has the most complex cutting mechanism among other
machining processes, detailed understanding of this certainly will help to comprehend other
machining processes cutting mechanism easily. Application of micro EDM to dress the metal
bonded diamond wheels will show how electrical discharge energy is controlled to

The Price of Diamonds Is Too High Essay
Introduction
This essay supports the statement "The price of diamonds is too high". Diamonds have always been
presumed to be rare. They have been present in history as a symbol of wealth and luxury as they
were so difficult to find. Nowadays diamonds are mined and are found all over the world but they
are sold through a cartel. (Epstein 1982) A cartel limits the supply of a product in order to keep
prices high and to limit competition. (South African Pocket Oxford Dictionary: 2002) This raises the
question of whether diamonds are actually worth their price. This essay focuses on the origins and
the basic theory behind the diamond cartel; the early operation of the cartel; De Beers' strong market
campaign; determining De Beers' current ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The diamond cartel shifts the market equilibrium to the shareholders' preference – as shown in
figure 3. This way a higher profit is made from the sales of diamonds because of the perceived
scarcity. Rhodes was insightful to use the number of wedding engagements as a ballpark figure for
the supply of diamonds (Bergenstock and Maskulka: 2001)
Graph showing the Relationship between Inelastic Supply and Demand
Figure 3: Approximation from Parkin (2013)
The diamond cartel has been in existence for over a hundred years. (Spar: 2006) It has faced many
issues in order to survive and prosper. (Kretschmer: 1998) Rhodes' method was sufficient during the
early 1900s. (Spar:2006) By 1930, the price of diamonds had fallen and the war was looming;
Europeans were not interested in buying diamonds. (Epstein: 1982) It changed ownership to the
Oppenheimers around about the Great Depression. Thus began the exploitive marketing tactics of
the 20th century. (Epstein: 1982)
De Beers' strong marketing campaign De Beers was aware that the only market where diamonds
could sell was in the Unites States of America. Harry Oppenheimer used the American advertising
agency N.W. Ayer to change the public's perception on diamonds.(Epstein: 1982) The campaign
used many tactics which included the slogan "A diamond is

Modeling Of Engineering And Biomedical Sciences
Atomistic modeling of BN nanofillers: a review
Rajesh Kumar* and Avinash Parashar
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee –
247667, India
* Corresponding author: E–Mail: rajeshpawar4u@gmail.com, Ph.: +91–1332–284801
ABSTRACT
Due to their exceptional mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and electrically insulating
property, boron nitride nanotubes and nanosheets have promising applications in the field of
engineering and biomedical sciences. Accurate modeling of failure or fracture in a nanomaterials
inherently involves coupling of atomic domains of crack, voids as well as deformation mechanism
originating from grain boundaries. This review highlights the recent progress made in the atomistic
modeling of boron nitride nanofillers. Continuous improvements in computational power and
parallel processing have made it possible to study structural properties of these nanofillers in
atomistic state. These atomistic simulations are emerging as viable alternatives to time consuming
and costly experimental means.
Keywords: Boron nitride; nanofillers; finite element; density functional theory; molecular dynamics;
Tersoff potential; hybrid nanostructures
1.0 Introduction
Boron nitride (BN) is a lab–grown binary compound consisting of equal number of boron (B) and
nitrogen (N) atoms. BN crystallizes either as a hexagonal layered structure or as a tetrahedral linked
structure, similar to that of graphite and diamond

Danny Archer's Blood Diamond
In the beginning of Blood Diamond, the protagonist, Danny Archer, a white South African diamond
smuggler, is a man who cares only for himself. This personality trait makes sense because he has
unfortunately been alone for the majority of his life. His mother and father were both violently
killed when Danny was just nine years old. From then on, he had to learn how to survive on his
own, without anyone to support him, and with that he developed selfish characteristics. When he
was a young adult, he fought in the war, which did not help with his selfishness. This most likely
made it worse because hypothetically people that he got close to were killed in battle. As an adult he
lives a life smuggling diamonds to make money for himself, even though ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Solomon becomes determined that he cannot lose his son, so he does everything he can to find him
on the path to the diamond. Solomon opens up to Danny and tells him that his son loves to learn and
will one day become a doctor. Danny tells Maddy, "You know Solomon thinks his son will be a
doctor someday? Maybe his baby dies in that camp, maybe his daughter gets raped. Who knows,
maybe both. Do you realize that that diamond is his only chance of getting his family out of here."
Danny realizes how much Solomon needs to find his family, and it is his first time understanding
this because he never had a family for himself. Danny's objective shifts little by little and he
becomes increasingly protective of Solomon because he wants him to find his son. Throughout their
mission to find the diamond, Danny watches Solomon risk his life everyday just to see his son, and
risk his life to save other people, like the little boy who is injured on the side of the road due to a
shooting. Danny's complete change of heart comes from watching Solomon reunite with his family,
and seeing how determined Solomon is to get his son back from the R.U.F, and becoming close to

The Blue Nile Strategy: Global Marketing Strategy
3.1 Blue Nile Strategy Blue Nile's strategy is designed to increase their brand recognition through
their product and sales, and invest to expand their operation internationally. Besides that, Blue Nile
do offer lower price for their product where employ efficient of their supply chain to decrease their
overhead cost while maintain its equity quality to produce more customer traffic and to promote
repeat purchase which target current customer than create new customers. Besides that, Blue Nile
has also provide well educate information about diamond and rich information online shopping
experience for new customer to increase consumer knowledge to increase their internet traffic too.
3.2 Generic Competitive Strategies use by Blue Nile Generic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This strategy make Blue Nile manage well in inventory management and merchandising which
allows Blue Nile to cut off those diamond prices in order to boost their sales which lead them
success.
3.2.2 Focus Strategy Blue Nile has applied focus strategy as one of the generic competitive strategy
which target on specific customer to satisfy their needs in niche market. Although Blue Nile able to
offer low price of diamond, but they believe that still not everybody could able to purchase diamond
or gems, so they rather focusing expand in niche market but not in differentiate market which they
believe could bring them more profit with effective less advertisement and operating cost.
3.2.3 Differentiation Strategy Blue Nile able to form a good relationship with suppliers and they
could obtain offer from those suppliers who just provide to them of some unique jewellery or gems
where customer cannot purchase or order it from other their competitors. Blue Nile also provide
various of contact method to let consumer could contact them through various of ways which can
found on their website which include, email, phone and live chat which Blue Nile has provide
professional training to their staff which is unique compare to other

Essay on Comm 287 Study Guide
COMM 287 ADVERTSING AS SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
STUDY GUIDE 1 Questions for "New Branded World" by Naomi Klein "On Advertising: Sut
Jhally vs. James Twitchell" "Advertising as Religion" by Sut Jhally Film: No Logo Film: The
Diamond Empire Naomi Klein: New Branded World
1. What idea was the gospel of the machine age?
Bolstering ones brand name was important
2. What consensus emerged about corporations in the 1980's?
Corporations were bloated, oversized, owned too much, employed too many people, and were
weighed down with too many things
3. What race were new companies such as Nike and Microsoft competing in?
A race to own the least and employ the fewest people rivaling the traditional all American
manufacturers' for market share. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Suddenly it seemed smarter to put resources into price reductions and other incentives than into
fabulously expensive ad campaigns.
16. According to the agencies what would competing on the basis of real value lead to?
Stooping to compete on the basis of real value, the agencies ominously warned, would spell not just
the death of the brand, but corporate death as well.
17. How did companies such as Coke, Pepsi, McDonald's, Burger King and
Disney respond to the brand crisis?
And when the brands crashed, these companies didn't even notice – they were branded to the bone.
They always understood that they were selling brands before product. They had their eyes fixed on
global expansion.
18. How did The Body Shop and Starbucks foster powerful brand identities?
What the success of both the Body Shop and Starbucks showed was how far the branding project
had come in moving beyond splashing one's logo on a billboard. Here were two companies that had
fostered powerful identities by making their brand concept into a virus and sending it out into the
culture via a variety of channels: cultural sponsorship, political controversy, the consumer
experience and brand extensions.

19. According to Scott Bedbury what must brands establish?
Emotional ties because there's no difference between products
20. What is the difference between advertising and branding?
Advertising is about hawking product. Branding, in its

Diamond Mines in South Africa
TEAM D
Eugene Patton, James Pruitt, John Morawa, Kenneth Miller, Nicholas Nauroth, and
Shemika McWilliams
DeVry University Online
April 13, 2011
South Africa's Culture, Government, Economy, and religion of South Africa
(Shemika McWilliams)
Diamond mining in South Africa is the main force behind the country's economy but this has not
always been the case. South Africa's large diamond mining industry started with the discovery of a
large diamond on 1886 by a young shepherd named Erasmus Jacobs. The discovery brought in
many miners from different parts of the world to South Africa and this lead to the discovery of a
bigger diamond in 1871. This created a diamond rush in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the 1860s, the Dutch Reformed Church, the Church of England, and the Roman Catholic Church
began mission work (South Africa: Missionaries: Nineteeth Century, 2004). Thirty years later,
diverse groups such as the Salvation Army and African American missions of the African Methodist
Episcopal Church and the National Baptist Convention worked in South Africa. African Christians,
often independent of missionaries, made their religion an important part of their identity. The
beginning of the twentieth century, over 30 missionary societies worked in South Africa. Majority of
the people were working to promote Christianity throughout Africa. Missionary influence was
profound, resistant to easy categorization, and continually negotiated and shaped by African
Christians. This movement changed the country's culture but had little to do influence on the
political environment in the country.
Political Environment
The politics in Africa are very different from the politics that we follow here in the United States.
The history of Africa politics is complex. When Egyptian politics looked toward the Mediterranean;
the empire was deeply African with several generations of kings and important civilizations, such as
the Meroe, coming from the highlands of Nubia (World History, Africa in, 2004). Throughout the
decades much of West Africa became part of a much larger African–European network of trade in
textiles, slaves, and precious commodities with politics

The Jewelry Industry And A New Company
Component 3 Threat of New Entrants It is not easy to getting started in the jewelry industry and a
new company will have to take into consideration three important factors: capital, strong supplier
relationships, and reputation. Jewelry companies have high capital requirements in order for them to
compete in this industry. For new companies coming into this industry it may prove hard to obtain
the necessary capital requirements to sustain the business. Next, a new business will have to worry
about where they will obtain their inventory from. Typically existing competitors have already
locked down the best geographical locations, which put new companies at a disadvantage. Finally a
new competitor will have to contend with brand loyalty. Established companies like Blue Nile and
Tiffany's have already won over the consumer base with their prestigious brands and excellent
product selection. When companies need to spend resources building a brand, they have fewer
resources to compete in the marketplace. This will benefit an already established Blue Nile. Threat
of Substitute Products The jewelry industry is a thriving one with many jewelry stores as well as
department stores providing the service. This means that there are many choices for the consumer
when it comes to purchasing jewelry. The problem Blue Nile faces is brand loyalty. Being relatively
new to the jewelry scene Blue Nile's biggest challenge will be to lure away customers from
competitors like Zales or even

Debeers 's Diamond Dilemm A Case Study
DeBeers's Diamond Dilemma: A Case Study
Introduction
The DeBeers's group of companies is a leading diamond exploration, mining, retail and trading
company that was founded in 1888. The organization has its headquarters in Luxembourg and has
mining agreements in close to 30 countries inclusive of the world's leading diamond producers such
as South Africa, Botswana, Canada and Namibia (Cadieux, 2005). The company enjoys one of the
leading market shares in the natural diamond industry with a current share of around 40%. However,
this is a noted decline from past decades where it controlled up to 80% of the world's diamond
supply by the 1990s. The decline noted in its apparent monopoly was caused by a number of factors
including the rise of new suppliers outside of its control. Additionally, negative press threatened its
reputation as it was accused of unfair monopolistic and anti–competitive practices, price fixing and
even dabbling in the supply and distribution of the controversial blood diamonds.
A more significant threat for the company has been the rise of the synthetic diamond market where
essentially real diamonds are manufactured within plants and don't have to undergo millions of
years of formation underground in addition to grueling extraction processes. These diamonds
possess a lot of quality while being sold at a fraction of the prices of natural diamonds and have
seen a rise in demand and in the total diamond market share. While DeBeers has played down the

Symbols and Journey Used in Ellison's Book "Invisible Man"...
In the book Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison and the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller the
two writers use various symbols to develop the American Literature Theme of The Journey. Two
important symbols Ellison uses in Invisible Man are dreams and the narrator's briefcase. Two
important symbols in Death of a Salesman are diamonds and the car. Ellison and Miller use these
symbols to take their characters through their life's journey, whether physical or metaphorical. The
portentous dream the narrator has in the beginning of Invisible Man foreshadows his whole journey
throughout the book. In the his dream at the end of the first chapter, he finds an envelope in his
briefcase that says, "To Whom It May Concern, Keep this Nigger–Boy ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The briefcase holds the contents of the narrator's past; it haunts him and he cannot relieve himself of
it until the very end. When he is burning the contents he becomes a phoenix rising from the ashes to
a new life, a new journey. Within the briefcase is his high school diploma, the piece of paper with
his new identity on it that was given to him by the Brotherhood, Clifton's doll, the anonymous letter
from Jack. All of these things were a part of his old identities, always with him in that briefcase. In
Death of a Salesman, the diamonds are Willy's past and future, what could have been and what
could be. Ben tells Willy in one final scene, "'The jungle is dark but full of diamonds, Willy.' 'One
must go in to fetch a diamond out.' 'It's dark there, but full of diamonds'" (Miller 1993). Willy had
the opportunity to go with Ben to find real diamonds, real happiness. He missed his first chance and
instead he must now die to find the happiness, the diamond in the rough. The car is the way for
Willy to reach true happiness, no worries; a means of 'transportation' eventually to Willy's death.
Willy's life never amounted to anything much in the end and he needed to escape. The car is his
ferry to the afterlife, to his happiness. The first

Discussion Marketing Moissanite Essay examples
Findings of Fieldwork – Interview analysis When conducting our interview, we separated the
questions based on our marketing research objectives. We felt this would be the best way to sort
through the information so we could best address our objectives. To investigate the motivation
behind women buying fine jewellery We decided that it was first best to determine the frequency
with which respondents wear jewellery, which gave us an insight into the frequency of jewellery use
in the target market (respondents were all females aged 18–50). After discovering that of 38
respondents, 32 wore jewellery every day we were able to determine that the management issue was
certainly not with the demographic of MoiMoi's target market. (Q1, Appendix ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Following on from this, we asked respondents about their preferred method of purchase when
purchasing a gift for someone other than themselves. A considerable amount (25/38) said that they
would certainly prefer to buy in–store when shopping for a gift. The significance of which, for
MoiMoi is that in–store advertisements would be more effective if associating moissanite with ideas
such as 'the perfect gift'. Whereas, web–advertisement may be focused more on purchase for one's
self. (Q8, Appendix 4.1) Finally, to determine the purchase decision process of the consumer, we
asked whether consumers shop around for jewellery when purchasing, or if certain jewels 'spoke to
them'. This was asked in order to determine how often jewellery is not researched, but rather – as a
result of effective marketing – instantly sold for all intensive purposes in the eyes of the consumer.
The results showed that more often than not, consumers would stumble upon jewels that they had to
have. This reinforces the idea that the industry is built entirely on the aesthetic, with gemmological
properties having a minimal effect on consumer perception of gems. (Q9, Appendix 4.1) To
investigate the attributes considered when buying fine jewellery. To initiate this research objective,
we determined that it would be best to ask respondents what they believed to be their most valued
product attribute when purchasing fine jewellery. Twenty–seven responses related to the

Metaphor Criticism : A Black Man And The Vehicle Is The Top
Metaphor criticism would be my rhetorical method of choose. I selected metaphor criticism after
reading the prompt above and saw an abundance of metaphors such as "stunning glimpse",
"dizzying height" and "journey to the top" just to name a few.
A metaphor within the paragraph that stood out is "journey to top." The tenor would be "journey"
and the vehicle is the "top" I thought metaphorical about each leg of the Arch from a historical
perspective. As a black man, the racial history that my people endured is very important to me. My
reasoning behind why passengers return to the 1800s after traveling to the top via the South leg was
because the South was laagering in comparison to North with their treatment of blacks. For
example, compare the North to the South during the 1800's. Blacks were free in the North, yet
slavery existed in the South. Even after the Emancipation Proclamation, the South still held onto its
discriminatory nature with the use of Jim Crow Laws. However, the North was known for its
industrialization, which caused an influx of immigrants that came during to America during 1920s
from call over the globe in pursuit. This would explained why passengers who entered the leg via
the North leg saw construction workers wedging the last triangular piece of the arch.
2. – 3pts. Using Metaphor Criticism, analyze the following metaphors: "You are my sunshine,"
"That gymnast is a diamond in the rough," and "Time is money." The metaphor "you are my
sunshine" has the

Gold And Gold Of The Diamond Industry
A diamond, it is a precious stone more value than gold and silver not only in society today but has
been since its discovery. Diamonds became very much famous by the development in the supply as
well as the advanced technology. Technology helped enabled the Diamond cutting, shaping,
polishing as well as finishing. The name diamond comes from the Greek word, adamas meaning
unconquerable. This is the perfect name because diamonds are made of pure carbon, and are the
hardest natural substance known to man according to De Beers. Diamonds have long been a sign of
wealth and fortune. Kings and queens have worn these forms of concentrated carbon and even more
people have wished they could own and wear them. These gems come in a variety of shades and can
be transparent, truculent white, yellow, green, blue, or brown. De Beers is a company that dominates
the history of the diamond industry. Diamonds had become the precious luxury goods and De Beers
was the company which could market these luxury goods. To understand the value of these stones,
and ultimately their role in wars and other aspects in life, it helps to first understand their origins,
how they are made and their impact on society. All these factors combined make diamonds
particularly vulnerable to exploitation by armed rebel movements mining and trading diamonds in
Africa and many other countries around the world.
For centuries diamonds have been associated with supernatural qualities, including the power to
protect and

Conflict Diamonds
Attempt Any Two Of the following ( 60 Marks – 30 Marks each ) | | Case 1 | Conflict Diamonds | | |
During the late 1990s South African diamond product De Beers and other companies on the
diamond industry discovered that some of the diamonds they were buying or selling came from
groups who used the proceeds to finance brutal civil wars. In Sierra Leone, rebels took control of
diamond mines by systematically chopping off the arms and hands of as many as 20,000 children,
women and men until the diamond operations were turned over to them. Similarly events took place
at diamond mines in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. About 4 million civilians
have died in the civil wars financed by the diamonds. Anxious to avoid a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
All other shoe makers ( Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Fila, Saucony) moved their plants overseas where
labor is cheaper. With 10 percent of the market and revenues of $1.2 billion New Balance is
committed to hiring US workers and keeping its five US factories going by using technology tight
team work, fast delivery and close communication to keep costs near the level of the cheap Asian
factories that make all its competitors shoes . Although it too has factories in Asia and Mexico, New
Balance has continued expanding its US workforce. But in the 1990s the Federal Trace Commission
(FTC) which regulates advertising clamped down on New Balance saying the "Made in USA" label
cannot be used unless all or virtually all (98 percent) of the components and labor are of US origin.
New Balance shoes contain rubber ( 25 percent of shoe) not of US origin because rubber is not
grown in the United States. When New Balance complained that its shoes were the only ones still
100 percent assembled in the United State by the US workers out of all US parts except for rubber,
which is impossible to source in the United States the FTC backed down, ruling that "Made in the
USA" meant at–least 75 percent US parts and labor. But labor unions, consumer groups and 150
members of congress attacked the ruling saying it made the label deceptive because it should mean
100 percent US content. Darlene

Blink Chapter Summary
The structure of the book Blink is broken down into six chapters plus an introduction and a
conclusion. Each section begins with an introduction story that introduces the theme of that
particular section, then there are vignettes that further explain the theme or provide some research to
the topic being discussed. Throughout the book they will reference a research story from an earlier
part of the book as an example to a new topic being discussed. The most repeated topic discussed in
Blink was thin–slicing. A topic that I will get further into during this summary. The book begins
talking about the J. Paul Getty Museum and an art dealer named Gianfranco Becchina. This art
dealer believed that he had the statue of Kouros that dated back from the sixth century BC. There
were only two–hundred of these in the world, but most of them were in terrible shape. The one
Bucchina possessed was in near perfect condition, and he wanted to sell his for roughly $10 million.
Bucchina had a variety of documents on this statue, and a geologist by the name of Stanley Margolis
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rewards are high, but you lose a lot of the red cards and can only win from the blue decks. A
group of researchers wanted to find out how long it would take someone to realize this pattern, and
that resulted in about fifty cards because of a gut feeling. They also attached a sweat gland tracker to
track the response to stress and temperature, and they saw that there subjects started to set off this
response around the tenth card. The researchers also noticed that they began to change their
behaviors on choosing the colored cards. Subconsciously they players picked up the pattern of the
game before they even realized it. From doing this experiment researchers that our brain uses two
opposite tactics to make sense of a situation, the conscious strategy and subconscious. The
subconscious strategy was used in the statue

Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) are systems that are...
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) are systems that are designed on a micro metre scale and
have become more popular as the demand for devices to get smaller has increased. The main uses of
these systems are for sensors, such as accelerometers and gyroscopes and other such devices like
microscopy and inkjet nozzles for example. There are many materials that can be used for MEMS as
the cost of the material is almost eradicated due to the micro size of the systems being produced.
This brings materials such as gold, platinum and diamond can be used, as these materials have some
properties which are very desirable for a MEM systems. The most common material that is currently
used in MEMS is silicon and silicon based compounds as they ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The piezoresistivity properties of diamond allow it to be used for a variety of applications at
temperatures of up to 700oC . Also diamond films can actually be used as the active sensor layer
themselves in certain situations . This has been found useful for strain gauges and accelerometers as
well as other areas. It is due to the piezoresistive gauge factor of diamond to be between 70–4000
and remains as such even at high temperatures. Another advantage of using diamond in these
situations is that because its elastic modulus is much greater than other materials that would be used
such as Silicon or silicon based compounds the diamond films can operate at much higher
frequencies. Although it has been believed that only polycrystalline materials have these
piezoresistive properties, in recent times the same properties have been found in amorphous films of
both silicon and diamond.
As devices get smaller the surface to volume ratio increase dramatically down to the micrometre
scale which means that at these levels of design the surface phenomena become more important.
The forces which create these surface phenomena such as Van der Waal's capillary and local shear
forces due to the viscosity become the main factors at a

Swot Analysis Of Titan Industry
conducted by Economic Times. While Titan is ranked at Number 4, Sonata increase their rank to
86. Titan is ranked number 1 in the consumer durables category.
Jewellery Division of Titan Industries Limited won the Eight Annual Madras Management
Association award on Managerial Excellence for Manufacturing sector.
Titan Industries bagged 24th position across all industry categories and 1st position in the Retail
Industry category in the Economic Times – Great Place to Work Institute study.
The survey results show that 88% employees across Titan Industries feel that Titan is a Great Place
to work! At present Titan Industries has achieved a very prestigious place in its field of working.
The company enjoys high brand image in the market. Brief description of present position of each
division of the company is described in the paragraphs to follows
TIME PRODUCTS DIVISION
The Time Products division is where the Titan story began. Today, this division has placed Titan
Industries among the world's largest retail networks and earned the company the place of fifth
largest integrated watch manufacturer in the world. With over 2350 employees spread over 3
business units in Bangalore, India, a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The miniwell base accommodates analysis of small to large samples – from gold links from 0.3 mm
diameter to large plated samples up to 160 mm high. This requires minimum user training to
confirm Karat content for ensuring correct pricing. It can perform composition and coating
thickness analysis for elements from Ti22 to U92. Oxford Instruments' field proven, microfocus 50
W X–ray tube, and high resolution, sealed Xenon gas filled proportional counter delivers
outstanding precision and laser focus, with simple "point and click" function to automatically adjust
focal distance (0.5"), improves system reproducibility and minimises user–to–user

Fireweed Skye Brannon
Fireweed
War is one of the most feared things in world. The fear of losing someone who is close to you is
unbearable. The short story "Fireweed", by Skye Brannon, deals with problems of being an immi–
grant in America and the difficulties with forgetting your past. Baluta and his family are immigrants
from Liberia who are having a hard time integrating with their traditions, language and values. The
reason for their immigration is shown on (page 3, line 95)"The war will be coming soon.." As
Baluta's father, says in the text, which could allude to the Liberian civil war.
Baluta is a kind young man having a hard time. He fled with his brother from Liberia, because of
war. Baluta experienced many things in Liberia, and he might have some mental ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sting, sting, sting, he stood still, holding tightly onto his fireweed. He saw little Alanso's ten–year
old body, limp, naked in the sun..." The flashbacks devel–op in line with the environment Baluta is
in. At the beginning when Baluta is at home with his old Camero in the ghetto where the flashbacks
deals with happy memories of his sister Alanso. When the environment changes from the ghetto to
the city where he works his flashbacks are becoming more violent as for instance when he meets
Tiffany with her blood diamond. At this point he gets a flashback that deals with his father telling
Baluta that the blood diamonds will cause war (page 3, line 95) "They think they've found diamonds
in our mountain." Baluta's father, Idirissa, had once told him gravely. "The war will be coming our
way soon." Baluta remembered; it was the first time he had seen fear behind his father's strong

Diamonds, The Embodiment Of Esteem And Romance
Diamonds, the embodiment of esteem and romance. Millions of years ago, high temperatures and
pressure in earth 's mantle gave birth to a dazzling gem, a gem that would be loved and adored by
many people. It would be put on ornaments and crowns, become the center piece of many jewelry,
become the highest symbol of esteem, and even be compared to the stars. People would spend entire
paychecks, even a month 's, or a year 's worth of salary, on trying to acquire it. And in today 's
world, it 's even become the norm in expressing love. For men it 's become a ritual, to invest in the
biggest diamond they can afford, and put on the person they love. Looking at these norms, you have
to ask, why is it that we love diamonds so much? Why is it that people spend thousands if not
millions in trying to procure this shiny rock? Is it because it 's just human nature to love shiny things
we can make ornaments out of? Or is there another reason for our astounding love for it, a more
malicious and covert reason, one that involves a masterful marketing campaign, and human
consumerism conditioning, to create a market where there isn 't one. The latter, unfortunately is
more akin to reality than you would think. And for it to all make sense one would have to look at the
history of the consumer demand of diamonds, and their usage throughout their long history.
Diamonds weren 't always used as adornments or jewelry pieces and many believe, in fact since
ancient times to even the middle ages,

Hazardous Commodities: A Study
Dangerous goods are indicated by diamond figure (Patnaik, 2002). The colour of the diamond
indicates the nature and extent of the hazard associated with the material. The codes and notations
assigned to hazardous materials are adopted from the guidelines of National Fire Protection Agency
(NFPA) (Mondanaro &Dailey, 2004).
In the present case it is observed that there is a placard bearing 'Dangerous when wet' with a class 4
label code and a UN1836 on orange panel. Figure1. Class 4.3–Combustible solids when in contact
with water. From ADR Danger Labels, by United Nations, 2008. Retrieved December 15, 2010
from HYPERLINK "http://www.ericards.net/psp/ericonline.psp_adrdangerlabels?p_lang=3"
http://www.ericards.net/psp/ericonline.psp_adrdangerlabels?p_lang=3
The chemical should be 'Thionyl Chloride' (Modanaro &Dailey, 2004; Patnaik, 2002; Greenwood&
Earnshaw, 1984).
The NFPA diamond signals indicate the nature and extent of the hazard due to the hazardous
material. The EH&S official estimated the nature and extent of various hazards as under.
0 at 12 0' clock: This indicates that the material is reasonably stable and will not burn under normal
circumstances. The material does cause a hazard beyond that caused by an ordinary combustible
material.
2 at 3o'clock: Ignition occurs on heating to high temperatures. Intense exposure would lead to
temporary incapacitation. Unstable material and reacts violently with water.
4 at 9o'clock: The material burns in air at normal

Blood Diamonds & Sierra Leone Essay
Blood Diamonds & Sierra Leone It is common to hear about war, terror, death and poverty, it is
common knowledge to know their meanings, but what right does one have to say they know the
reality of the words if they have never experienced it themselves, what does it really means to see
the death of someone in a war; to know the terror of not knowing if you are to live to see another
sunrise? Most do not know and are ignorant of the fact situations like this happens all around us;
happening now even in different countries. More and more death, destruction and human rights
being violated are happening in Sierra Leone because of its poor economic situation and the civil
war which started over control of the blood diamonds; yet, the problem ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There were no jobs even if you were educated," a 32 year–old male ex–combatant said (Archibald
and Richards 8). So, youths have one choice in what they do around chiefs and youth leaders, and it
is to run away from everything. Though, the choice is a poor decision, and now, instead of a semi–
stable life, they lead a life of fighting and violence. Now, the women of Sierra Leone are kept at the
bottom of the social ladder by customary law (Archibald and Richards 10). To be kept at the bottom
because of being a different gender is belittling; barely being counted as a human being with not
even a third of the rights one should have. The population of both youth and women seem to be in a
process of characterized as the invention of human rights 'from below' (Archibald and Richards 2).
A Luanda–based British diplomat did say the international community could intervene and help the
youth and women, but it will not (Gordon 1). No one would come to aid these people, to help them
through the rough patches in their society, and, in all, they were left to solve their own problems.
Life in Sierra Leone was not close to being at a stable level, it was getting rougher to live in the
country. The people of Sierra Leone were getting treated badly as the economy in the country was
lowering. The economy was getting worse, and, eventually, the children of Sierra Leone had to start
working. They started to work in the in the worst place they could, the

All The Light We Cannot See Quotes
"I'm only trying to make sense of this war inside my head." This quote relates to the characters in
All The Light We Cannot See because everyone is battling with love, truth, or identity while battling
the war in Europe. Marie–Laure is living in Saint–Malo with her crazy great uncle while the war is
raging on outside the city. Werner was accepted into the Hitler Youth School and was sent out into
the war to track resistance radio signals. Sergeant von Rumpel is also on the search for the Sea of
Flames diamonds, and what Marie–Laure doesn't know about her father can greatly hurt her. In this
novel, three of the characters are searching for either truth, love, or identity.
Knowing the difference between the truth and lies is a very common theme in All The Light We
Cannot See. Many characters are lied to by their loved ones and about things that can affect them
greatly, and von Rumpel wants to know the truth about the location about the Sea of Flames.
Sergeant von Rumpel is in dire need of the Sea of Flames diamond, so he can showcase it in his new
museum. He will do whatever is needed to locate the diamond among the vastness of Europe and
the war. Before Paris was invaded, the Museum of Natural History made three replicas of the
diamond and gave the replicas and the real diamond to four trustworthy employees. The catch: none
of them knew if they had a replica of the real diamond. Von Rumpel was in Paris and found the shop
of Dupont, which the owner later admitted to making replicas and dispersing them in many
locations. Once von Rumpel found out the locations, he was even more determined to find all four
"diamonds". Especially because he recently found out that he had been diagnosed with a tumor, and
the stone is known to help a person live forever. He has visited many places in search for the
replicas or the diamond: "Three replicas. Plus the real stone. Somewhere on this planet among its
sextillion grains of sand." Von Rumpel has visited the museum, a jeweler, multiple homes, and
Marie–Laure's house in Paris in search of the Sea of Flames. His main struggle is knowing if the
stone is a replica or real. He is putting a great amount of trust in the people he has confided in, and
he hopes that they have given

Tiffany Case Analysis
Tiffany & Co.
Overview
Tiffany & Co. is a retailer, designer, manufacturer, and distributor of luxury fine jewelry. As of
January 31st, 2003, they had 44 company–operated stores within US borders and 82 company–
operated stores internationally. Fine jewelry makes up 79% of their net sales followed by other
products such as timepieces, stationery, and sterling silverware. Michael J. Kowalski, Tiffany &
Co.'s current CEO, has the same mission the company had when it first started in 1837: to be the
world's premier luxury brand of fine jewelry as well as America's house of design.
S.W.O.T. Tiffany & Co. has done an outstanding job in developing a strong brand name, which
represents nothing but the best, most durable, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With this increase in wealth, combined with the continual increase in population size, there should
always be a strong market for luxury goods. Technological advancements have played a major role
in the industry since the late 1990s. Jewelry in particular has a very high weight–to–value ratio,
which makes shipping easy and keeps shipping costs relatively low. Internet sales have passed
catalogue sales in over 10 of the top 15 luxury jewelry companies. Tiffany & Co.'s internet sales
passed its catalogue sales shortly after the company opened its website in 1999. The complaint that
the company–operated stores closed before a majority of the workforce went home for the day, is
now somewhat outdated now that Tiffany has a very effective and functional website that can be
accessed 24 hours a day. This year, Tiffany & Co. announced that over 60% of its direct sales were
generated through their website. Demographic trends play a much smaller role in the luxury jewelry
business than it does in many other industries. Tiffany & Co.'s various jewelry collections cater to
virtually all ages, ranging from young teens to matures, well beyond there sixties. However, the
baby boomer generation, which is made up of persons in their forties and fifties, does have a large
amount of buyer power. Several recent trends have affected the luxury jewelry market. Men's
jewelry sales increased by over 150% from 2006 to the present (specifically money clips and cuff

Pfizer And Developing Country Access For Essential Medicines
Part A:
GlaxoSmithKline and developing country access to essential medicines
The case study emphasized the spread of the HIV/AID 's virus especially in the Least developed
countries (LDC 's) where it was not possible for the poor people to be able to afford the expensive
drugs used to cure the disease. The pharmaceutical companies were consistently pressurized to take
a solution out of this to provide the medicines to the victims. Survey reports indicated that many
deaths were happening and many were expected especially in the south Africa where the standards
of living and earnings of people were very insufficient to afford the life saving drugs.
Critics commented that it was a social responsibility of the industry to help ensure ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The chief executive team believed that GSK 's approach to access of drugs to needy people could
have significant strategic, commercial, operational and reputational impact.
CEO of GSK showed willingness to reduce prices in LDC 's to a non–profit level and GSK
announced significant reduction in prices of HIV/AIDS drugs in LDC 's, trying to take a step ahead
to fulfill its social and ethical responsibilities despite the fact that such reduction might lead to
pressures from developed countries as well to reduce prices threatening its business model and
innovations.
GSK 's approach was indicative of a corporate social responsible citizen rather merely an
organization with a profit motive.
Blood diamonds
Issue identified in the text was about the smuggling of diamonds to earn money that was used to
fund the armed groups often against the government. These diamonods were termed as 'blood
diamonds '. In many parts of the world, diamonds were sold for illegal purposes and were a source
of income for the armed groups. Strict actions were necessary to be taken against these illegal acts
to secure the lives of people becoming victims of conflict and civil unrest.
Diamonds are suitable for smuggling due to their small size, high value and once polished, their
origin is difficult to establish. The diamond

Business Plan for an Aviation Company
1. Company's profile
JetStream Aero Services (JAS) is a newly set up aerospace company dedicated to providing small
aircraft modification, assembly and maintenance services in South East Asia. JAS will have its first
maintenance plant at Seletar Airport (Singapore) and aimed to start operations by 2010. Singapore is
chosen due to its strategic location and it is a major hub in aerospace maintenance, repair and
overhaul (MRO) in Asia Pacific.
As JAS is relatively a new company, the management aims to enter the South East Asia market by
focusing on small business aircrafts in the first few years of operations. Other areas would be looked
into further once JAS has established its brand name and services.
JAS is also proud to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Teamwork * Teamwork helps the company work in a more efficient manner and reducing any
chances of miscommunications between different departments * Monthly gatherings shall be
organized by the management to foster greater relationship and cohesiveness of the entire company
2. Company's products and services
Seletar Airport is chosen as the main location for JAS main headquarters and maintenance plant.
The total land space available is roughly two hectares in size and would be sufficient to house a
decent aircraft hangar and office space. Within the airport itself, an existing runway (03/21) with a
distance of 1,592 meters long and 46 meters wide would be available to carry out test flights
conveniently.
Though JAS primary provides MRO services such as maintenance and repair for a wide range of
small business aircrafts, its main focus shall be the manufacturing, assembling and sale of the
Diamond DA42 twin star aircraft. Sales target are set at three of this business jet per month from the
start of JAS operations.
JAS new single engine trainer aircraft, JetStream Flyer would begin its design phase concurrently
from the start of operations and set to be in operations and delivered by year 2011. Its target sales
potential would be at least of five aircrafts per month from year 2013 onwards.
To further enhance JAS services to customers, the in–house engineers would provide aircraft
maintenance advice and workshops for customers.

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