Policy Restricting Personal Use Of Computers And Systems

Policy Restricting Personal Use Of Computers And Systems
ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY
POLICY restricting personal use of computers and systems
NOTE: This document contains IA Controls
1.SCOPE: This policy applies to all employees who use a Big Tech BYOD or any computer on Big Tech Network
2.CONSENT PROVISION. By signing this document, you acknowledge and consent that when you access Big Tech :
a.You are accessing
This Acceptable Use Policy ("AUP") applies to all Big TechInternet–related services, without restriction services provided through WiFi ("Service" or
"Services"). Use in the least of the Services will at all times be subject to the terms and circumstances of this AUP. This AUP is integrated into any
appropriate agreement between Big Tech and Customer that states the AUP relates,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consumer also may not use the Services in means that interfere with on the charter, emblem, ethical rights, flagrant, privileges of confidentiality, rights
of advertising or any other knowledgeable material goods right of any third party.
2. Plagiarism/ Copyright infringement. Customer will not take information from another person's work and try to use it as their own. For example
a staff aid from the Trump team helped his wife Melania Trump wife her speech but it had word for word a lot of First Lady Michele Obama
speech from 2008 address to the Democrat National Convention. The consumer will also not violate a person or company's copyright. Any videos,
text, or pictures will be researched thoroughly before placing in or on any information that is put out over the net. You will not take anything from the
internet and you will depend on fair use. You will not buy or sell copies of any versions of works that you offer freely to distribute in the future with or
without a copyleft stipulation.
3.Software Piracy. Consumer will not illegally duplicate copyrighted software on any computer that the software is not allowed to be on under the
terms of the software license agreement. Sharing software with someone who is not authorized by the license agreement (softlifting), loading an
unauthorized version of software (hard disc loading), using software
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Pros and Cons of Open Source Essay
Open Source: Good and Bad
Introduction:
In the following paper I will be discussing the use of open source software as part of a larger project. Example uses of this include incorporating
existing publicly available source code within another piece of software. Because the term open source has such broad implications, I will attempt to
explain it within the context of this paper. Open source code comes with many different licenses such as GPL, BSD, and MIT. I will describe the most
popular licensing options and how they differ. Many companies believe open source software projects have an immense lack of accountability; this is
simply untrue. Lastly, open source software has recently received an abundance of attention in the media because ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Considering most of these are written by teams of lawyers and span multiple pages, this comes as no surprise. While complicated at first, they really are
not that bad. It is important to keep in mind that their main intent is to protect the rights of the original author, not to impede your use of the author's
code.
Licensing Options:
The most popular license is known as the General Public License (GPL for short.) This license places the software into the public domain with
some restrictions. Additionally, all improvements or derived code must also be placed under the GPL. If you are planning on releasing software
based in part on code obtained under the GPL, you must provide the source code for your version. You may charge a fee for this, but people are
still allowed to buy a copy and redistribute it for free. Note that if you are building software for private use, you do not have to redistribute this
private code. Using the aforementioned example, if you were to use a piece of code from Gaim in your program, you must release your whole project
under the GPL if you wish to make your project publicly available.
Another very popular license is the MIT license. This is a very simple license that in essence states that you can do whatever you want with this code.
You may include MIT licensed code into a commercial project as well.

The Pros And Cons Of Plagiarism
With the advent of computer technology and how much we use it as part of our daily lives, there is great opportunity for people to do good while
there is also a great opportunity for people use it to benefit themselves at the expense of others. Ethical computing is a set of moral standards, right or
wrong, pertaining to the use of a computer. Being morally ethical is being respectful of other computer users and their rights and properties and not
using a computer to harm others or commits criminal activity. Although not ethical, technology can allow someone to steal, harm others, invade
privacy and other illegal activities on a computer. These activities may benefit the user but harm and damage is being done to the recipient.
Plagiarism is a fraudulent act. It is stealing or passing off another person's words or ideas as your own and not crediting the source from which it came.
A copyright is a legal right for the maker of anything (music, pictures, books, papers, etc.) to have sole possession to make and sell those products. A
copyright infringement is then the illegal production and publication of said goods without the authorization of the original maker.
One difference between plagiarism and copyright infringement is whether it is illegal or not. Plagiarism is not illegal according to the law but is
more an issue of ethics. Certain vocations or institutions take the policy of plagiarism seriously. Depending on where this plagiarism occurs may
determine whether someone may get reprimanded or fired from a job or as severe as getting kicked out of a school or university. A second difference
between the two is plagiarism is generally defined as taken someone's ideas and presenting ownership of them as your own without citing the original
person. Copyright infringement is using a person's work or intellectual property without their permission. Copyright infringement usually means lost
revenue for the copyright holder.
You know you are plagiarizing if you steal another person's ideas and pass them off as your without giving the original person citation as the
originator of that idea. A person is violating copyright law by using, publishing and/or distributing work you did not create nor have

Creative Commons
Creative Commons – America Needs Fair Use Licenses
It's likely happened to you before, you turn on your radio, or favorite music video network and begin listening to a song by some hot new pop starlet,
hip–hop superstar, or aging rocker. The beat is catchy, inviting, and oddly familiar, almost too familiar in fact. You may think, "Didn't David
Bowie, or, hmm, wasn't it that guy from Queen that played this riff in like ten years ago? Who is this Vanilla Ice guy and why is he rapping over
it?" If you were old enough to remember Under Pressure and subsequently were listening Ice Ice Baby in 1990 (likely while cruising in your Mustang
5.0 convertible on your way to a Milli Vanilli concert), you would have experienced an... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thankfully, a solution called Creative Commons has been developed which addresses many of these issues in an effort to encourage new creative
development through the open sharing of intellectual property. (Lessig)
There are many issues with the current copyright laws that exist in the Canada and the United States today. Many critics of these laws like, Creative
Commons founder Lawrence Lessig; believe that current copyright laws only exist to protect entrenched, and often uncreative interests at the
expense of everyone else. (Plotkin) In the United States, back in 1790, copyright extended for 14 years after the document was published, and then
for another 14 years if the author was still alive. (Plotkin) Today copyright laws in the US have been lengthened to 70 years after the death of the
author, which means that companies can withhold releasing works into the public domain for almost a century. (Plotkin) In Canada copyright laws
are similar, but instead of 70 years after death, an authors works are released into the public domain 50 years after their death. (Harris) Lessig has
stated in interviews that current copyright and patent practices are contrary to the reason why they were developed in the first place. (Plotkin) They were

Ethics And Technology : Controversies, Questions, And...
Chapter eight of Ethics and Technology: Controversies, Questions, and Strategies for Ethical Computing by Herman T. Tavani is about intellectual
property disputes. Tavani defines intellectual property as an intangible form of property that is protected by a system of laws through which authors
and inventors are given ownership rights over their creative works and inventions. There are four legal frameworks for protecting intellectual property.
The first of these is copyright laws. Copyright laws protect authors. An author can also be an individual or an entity such as an organization or
corporation. The first United States copyright law was created in 1790 and protected books, maps, and charts. As newer forms of media were
developed, copy right protection has extended to them also. In 1980 copyright laws were amended to include computers, programs and databases that
exhibit authorship. In order for something to be protected with copyright laws it must be original, nonfunctional, and also fixed in a tangible medium.
The second legal framework is patents which protects individuals who create an invention or process. Patent laws require that inventions be useful,
novel, and nonobvious. The third legal framework is trademarks. A trademark is a word, name, phrase or symbol that identifies a product or service.
To qualify for a trademark the mark should be distinctive. The last legal framework for protection is a trade secret. A trade secret is highly valuable

The Best Method Of Protecting A Television Show By The...
Intro
The purpose of this paper is to determine the best method to protect a television show created by the Trio. The Trio has created a TV show loosely
based off of their own experiences at University and the final years of school. Alongside this, the trio has developed a range of complementary
products to go alongside this, such as memorabilia, t–shirts, caps, and mugs. The Trio has all played significant roles in the development and
production of the Pilot Episode. The Trio are now eager to share the TV show with the world. As their primary demographic is 14–24 year olds, they
intend to distribute their show on an online platform. The Trio is also concerned about how to protect their IP to ensure that they can continue creating.
This paper will examine the different methods of protection available to the Trio, as well as determine which would be of the most benefit to them.
Intellectual Property and Copyright
First of all it is important to establish what Intellectual Property (IP) is a creation of the mind. There are two types of IP that protect a range of
different creations. The two categories are Industrial Property and Copyright. Industrial Property is concerned with the commercial based creations
such as patents, trademarks, and industrial designs. Copyright protects literary works such as films, music, artistic works, and Television. Copyright is
granted automatically, there is no need to register or fill out a form. However, some governments encourage this to

Licenses in The Networked Information Economy Essay examples
Free and open source software has become an integral part of the modern internet age. As a result of the threat posed by copyright laws sponsored by
proprietary software companies, the free software community has developed many software licenses to combat copyright and protect the developer.
Many open source licenses have ben used by developers to release their programs to the community. Some of the most popular licenses are the Apache
License, the GNU General Public License (GPL), and the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). Each of these licenses gives different rights
for the licensor and the user of the license. Each license also has implications on the availability of the code to the future developer community. The
GPL more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The LGPL is a less restrictive copyleft license based, for the most part, on the GPL. One main difference between the two licenses is the fact that the
LGPL allows the use of its licensed libraries to be used in proprietary software as well as free software (Free Software Foundation, n.d.). Programs that
are licensed under the GPL include the Qt application development system, the RhythmBox music player, and the Blender 3d modeling program.
Programs licensed under the GPL have a wide developer base and a wide variety of improvements because anyone can access the source code and
release changes to the community.
The Apache Software License was developed by the Apache Software Foundation as an alternative to the restrictions of the GPL. The Apache
License is a much less restrictive license than the GPL or the LGPL. The main difference between the two licenses is that code under the Apache
License can be used in a proprietary program (Wilson, 2005a). Another difference in the Apace License is the fact that users of programs licensed
under the Apache License do not have to contribute their changes back to the community, as with the GPL (Metz, 2012). Aside from the Apache web
server, Google's Android Operating System and Hadoop–a networked data processing program–are licensed under the Apache License (Metz, 2012).
Some proprietary software

Pros And Disadvantages Of Proprietary Software
When I started working at the MIT Artiп¬Ѓcial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part of a software–sharing community that had existed for many
years. Sharing of software was not limited to our particular community; it is as old as computers, just as sharing of recipes is as old as cooking.
A nondisclosure agreement means de facto that you promise not to help your neighbor, denying a community who cooperates to achieve goals. "If
you share with your neighbor, you are a pirate. If you want any changes, beg us to make them." [* page 18]
Proprietary software could be seen as an enemy of the society, since it does not permit to change and share the software with other individuals, but this
seems not to be understood or just ignored by most of us. Because that's the truth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[20 *]
In any case "free" does not imply a non–commercial software, but only a software on which you have several freedoms on how to deal with it. [43 *]
Free software is growing, but not for the right reason (we must talk about free software) [31]
It is true that people approaching free software are growing this because users find some practical advantages in using it. This is great, because with this
rising interest also affects companies, that are stimulated to develop free programs instead proprietary ones, with the consequence of enlarging the
catchment area even further.
Perhaps, the most difficult thing is not to attract new users to adopt free software, but is doing that for the right motive aside for the practical
reasons, which is the embrace the philosophy behind free software: freedom. This is a crucial point if we want to have a conscious community and
not only one large in numbers. There is a need of people who are willing to fight to proprietary software and not only chose the easiest and most
convenient choice possible.
Open Source

Sobell Fedora and Red Hat Linux Chapter 1 Answers Essay
Linux Networking
NT1430
Unit Exercises
Chapter 1.
1.Free software is free, users can change code, and source code is available to anyone.
2.GNU/Linux is portable, is based on standards, is written in C, has a kernel programming interface, can support many users, and can run multiple
tasks. For more information, refer to "What Is So Good about
GNU/Linux?" The source code for the operating system is readily available so that students can understand more easily how GNU/Linux works and
can modify the code further to understand its operation and change the way it works. For more information, refer to "The Code Is Free"
3.Multiuser operating systems allows the multiple users to access the resources of a single ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You can download many utilities from the Internet. Examples of utilities are cp (copies a file), ls (lists information about files), ssh (securely connects
to a remote computer), and df (lists information about free space on system devices such as hard disks).
7.Shell is a piece of software that provides an interface for users of an operating system. Shell provides access to the services of a kernel. Shell makes
the user's job faster and easier in many ways.
8.Write a shell script, also called a shell program, or a batch file under DOS. A shell script is one or more command lines contained in a file. Make
the file executable and give the name of the file as a command: The shell executes the commands in the file, as though you had typed each command
individually.
9.Because it uses a hierarchical structure in shape of a pyramid or (up–rooted) tree to make director and subdirectories.
10.Multiprocessor (having more than one processor) refers to a system with two or more processors or CPUs. Multiprocessing (supporting multiple
processes) refers to a system that can process one or more tasks at a time.
11.Using 2 or more CPUs and multi–tasking, gaming, using resource intense programs.
12.Many thousands of people contributed to the GNU/Linux Operating System using the Internet. This project is unique because such a project, using
free software, had never been attempted before.
13.The GPL says you have the right to copy, modify, and redistribute the

Antitrust Law
Software has become an integral part of our society. The economic success of our country depends on the success of the software industry. ``Open
source ' ' software, software which users are allowed to modify and redistribute, is a very important part of the software industry
Copyright and patent laws are inappropriate for computer software, their imposition slows down software development and reduces competition.
Computer software has become more and more important. Software has played an important part in the world. Computers have most likely played an
important role in all our lives, from making math easier with calculators, to having money on the go with ATM machines. But software is completely
defenseless, as it is more or less ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This stagnates the computer industry; it used to be that company A would retaliate by making better software"[4] (By Del Guercio 22–24).
Let 's say mouse support. Now, it cannot happen to mouse support as it is today, but in the future, something undoubtedly will replace the mouse as
the preferred method of input, for instance, in what may be a virtual reality future think the glove may be the input device. Anyway, say it did
happen to mouse support. Every single program that uses mouse support would have to pay a fee for the rights to do so. This would result in
higher software prices, and reduced quality in the programs, as they have to worry about the legalities more. Needless to say, the patenting of
software is not a widely encouraged policy, mostly loved by large corporations like Lotus and Microsoft. Smaller companies and most often
consumers are generally against it. Even with all the legal problems I 've mentioned that arise with current laws, that is not all. The complexity of
software protection laws brings up a large degree of confusion.
And the patent last 17 years, is too long for the software industry. I believe that the time–period is too complicated for an industry that changes every
five years. And the main use of software patents is to block out competition. It claims that the government 's policy to allow cross–licensing benefits
companies that have large patent portfolios at the expense of their smaller competitors.
There

Ancient Art With A Modern Twist
The Four Seasons Mosaic: Reinstallation – Ancient Art with a Modern Twist The Four Seasons were originally hung in four separate panels on the
wall of the Mediterranean Court, where they remained until 1990. At this time, the Ancient Collection was being r reinstalled. which brought up
questions aboutplacement of the mosaics, still in separate pieces. It was decided that in order to present the mosaics in a manner more in keeping with
their original context, they needed to be removed from the wall and recombined into a cohesive mosaic once again. However a problem quickly
presented itself: how exactly could they remove the mosaics safely from the wall? The 1954 installation team had left no records on how they had
successfully mounted the panels on the walls, which left the 1990 installation team with concernson how to get them down. Better Safe than Sorry
After careful thought and consideration, they began by x–raying the walls to discover how the mosaic panels were supported. Much like the original
removal of the mosaics, the installers covered the tesseraewith a light cloth to protect them during the move and then layered insulating foam and
plywood overtop for further stability. After reinforcing the panels, wooden supports were placed around the panels before the plaster and stone
surrounding and supporting the mosaics were chiseled out of the wall. Next, steel chains hanging from pulleys in the ceiling were attached to the panels
and lifted them from the wall once

Editing and the Crisis of Open Source Essay
Editing and the Crisis of Open Source
The Free Software movement that began in 1985 and the newer "open source" movement, represented a serious threat to traditional methods of
production and distribution. The idea of a non–proprietary method of cultural exchange was and is a radical departure from traditional models that
have come to restrict creativity and free exchange. In the ensuing years, there was a gradual drift away from ideas of non–proprietary toward ideas of
access to software's code level. This mirrored an evident diffusion of these "open" ideas into the cultural sphere. Open publishing, open editing, open
music, and open culture are now hip buzzwords that point toward a new cultural formation based on a more free exchange ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Wikipedia.org, an open source encyclopedia, describes this conflict of terms.
It was hoped that the usage of the newer term "open source" would eliminate such ambiguity, and would also be easier to "market" to business users
(who might mistakenly associate "free software" with anti–commericalism). Since its introduction, however, the "open source" label has been criticized
for fostering an ambiguity of a different kind: that of confusing it for mere availability of the source, rather than the freedom to use, modify, and
redistribute it.
One of the early defects of "free" software was the perceived inability to use it in for–profit ventures. Whereas the Free Software movement thinks of
the freedom of software's code to be available to all as an ethical and social imperative, open source treats it as a practical issue. Both GPL and open
source licenses can be used in for–profit ventures. "Copylefted" material must remain "free" for people to modify, but can be priced for people to buy.
With the advent of the term open source, it now appears that everything is open source, or is at least sold that way. When not applied to programming,
"open content" is used to describe a wide range of activities that have nothing to do with computer software. There is still the problem of

Using Proprietary Software The Market Pressures
Whether or not the mission is to start with conceived inside the thoughts of 1 man or woman, or among a collection of builders, it starts off evolved
oп¬Ђ as an idea within a subject of interest. The power and originality of this idea, collectively with any preliminary hints as to how it may evolve
into a software program artifact are key to the complete enterprise. Whereas with proprietary software the market pressures are probable to make
tasks based on mediocre ideas speedy stop to exist, with OSS such projects may be allowed to languish for a long time frame. The target market that
the task will be centered towards have to additionally is clear from the beginning. End users, software program providers integrating a issue, device
administrators, or other developers are feasible users. The task must discover legitimate and critical desires and provide eп¬Ђective answers for them,
in any other case it cannot entice real hobby. Later, even though secondary with respect to other selections, the natural language of the assignment may
play an important function in the publicity it 's going to have and the consumer base it 'll attain. English of route is the language that appeals to the
largest audience. The selection of licensing scheme and the deп¬Ѓnition of an eп¬Ђective and affordable enterprise version are both issues that need to
be tackled from the beginning of the venture. as an instance a license or enterprise model that doesn 't reп¬‚ect the aims of the mission network in

Microsoft vs. Foss
Microsoft's Foss Patent Infringement
Holly Stark
ITT Technical IT 302
Abstract This paper takes an in depth look at the claims from Microsoft that FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) committed patent infringement in
2006. It also discusses how the events have impacted FOSS, whether negatively or positively and how the actions have changed both since 2006.
Microsoft's Foss Patent Infringement
Free software is wonderful and corporate America seems to love it. It 's often high–quality stuff that can be downloaded free off the Internet and then
copied at will. It 's versatile – it can be customized to perform almost any large–scale computing task – and best of all its crash–resistant. More than
half the companies in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, the software makers struck a deal on patents designed to give customers peace of mind about using Novell 's open–source products. This
partnership made Novell the only company in the industry that was able to provide the customer not only with the code to run Linux, but also
with a patent covenant from Microsoft. (Evers, Joris 2006) Some thought that it showed that Microsoft was kind of being forced to see Linux as a
significant competitor and the FOSS model as a viable business model. (Upfold, Peter 2006) My personal opinion is that this was an attack on the
open source community. Microsoft hasn't actually changed its tune; it's still actively attacking free software and trying to abolish GNU/Linux while
promoting Windows and other proprietary software as though they are complementary to free software, which they are not. It's PR nonsense and
Microsoft is good at PR. Since then, Novell was sold in 2010 to Attachmate Corp. and a concurrent sale of certain intellectual property assets was
sold to CPTN Holdings LLC, a consortium of technology companies organized by Microsoft Corporation. It plays right into the hands of Microsoft's
PR campaign, which strives for a fusion where Microsoft controls both sides of the competition and then derails the side which is less favorable to
Microsoft. Microsoft has done that over and over again for many years and victims include giants like IBM and Apple.

The Pros And Cons Of Copyright Law
Part 1
1.What is copyright?
Answer:
Copyright is a manifestation of protection given to the authors or makers of original works of authorship. Copyright law gifts authors and craftsmen
the selective right to make and offer duplicates of their works, the privilege to create subsidiary works, and the privilege to perform or presentation
their works freely. The copyright in a work of authorship quickly turns into the property of the author who created it right now it is put into altered
structure. Nobody yet the author can claim copyright to the work, unless the author awards rights to others in a composed understanding, for example,
to the author's distributer or record organization. Generally, we can tell who the author of a work is the individual who created it. Anyway some of the
time, it is not exactly that simple.
2.Copyright is automatic when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This does not encroach the copyright owner's selective distribution rights. This was accordingly systematized in Copyright Act of 1976. In the
connection of licenses, this law says that a buyer of a licensed article has the right to use, repair, and exchange the article with no obstruction from the
patentee. The patentee may at present hold control of the article through terms in the permit or sale contract.
8.What is "attribution" as it pertains to copyright?
Answer:
The act of attributing particularly the act of securing a specific individual; as the inventor of a works is lies under the cases of copyright. As
sometimes people think that they can use the copyrighted work by just putting a reference of the author/owner of the work. But it is not sufficient;
individuals who want to use any type of copyrighted work; they have to get permission from the author/owner.
9.What is "public domain" as it pertains to copyright?

The Rewards System Of Science
In this paper I will summarize Merton's description of the rewards system of science. I ask, "What should a good rewards system look like?" I make a
normative proposition that we ought to completely separate the laboratories and businesses that provide the tools for scientists from the scientists
themselves. I envision a style of science that allows individuals and teams of scientists to engage in open–source science that allows them to contract
out their skills to particular institutions and groups that need a scientific service.
I ask not what is good for science, but what is good for scientists? Feyerabend was right to point out the fact that Kuhn might be ignoring individual
scientists in his pursuit for a structure of science. While Feyerabend was concerned with what happens to the morals of scientists and Kuhn was
concerned with the general structure, I want to explore what would be best for both science and scientists. This will be a restructuring of the rewards
system. Merton claimed that the basic currency for scientific reward is recognition (Godfrey–Smith 123). He argues that the best reward is being the
first person to come up with an idea. Merton also claims that this is the only property right in science. The best case scenario is having an idea
named after one's self; i.e. Darwinism, Planck's Constant, and Boyle's Law. Merton gives examples that give credence to his idea of a rewards system.
He discusses the altercations between Newton and Hooke, and Newton

Open Source Software vs. Microsoft Empire Essay
Open Source Software vs. Microsoft Empire
Introduction
"I think that to try to own knowledge, to try to control whether people are allowed to use it, or to try to stop other people from sharing it, is
sabotage. It is an activity that benefits the person that does it at the cost of impoverishing all of society. One person gains one dollars by destroying
two dollars' worth of wealth. I think a person with a conscience wouldn't do that sort of thing except perhaps if he would otherwise die."
–– Richard Stallman[1]
Richard Stallman, the best–known figure of free software movement professes an absolute refusal of any notion of commercial software. His idea is
revolutionary but straightforward: software should be free, period. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stallman's ideology in free software sharing inverts the mainstream commercial software industry, which consider source code and underlying
instructions are companies' private properties. These properties are usually guarded strictly and rarely shared under licensing terms. The most
typical example of such software companies is the software giant, Microsoft. It sells users the right of using its software in terms of number of
copies. In other words, it requires a separate license for each Microsoft Windows that is installed on each computer. The company originally
designed the software owns the source code. All bug fixes to the software require a long and ineffective reporting process. In addition, you have to
pay a separate fee for any upgrades to the software year after year.
Raise the ethical issue
As a result, there are overwhelming criticisms against Microsoft. People view Microsoft as an unethical business entity by creating "monopoly" and
using unfair tactics to control the software market as a whole. Although it is important to realize that even Microsoft does not technically fit the
definition of monopoly, there is no doubt that it processes tremendous power in the software industry. Along with this magical power, it could make
influential decisions among governments' rules and regulations in terms of intellectual property laws and foreign trade policies. Thus, we have to keep
in mind that acting within the laws does not necessarily acting in an

Unix Operating System
Abstract
This paper is a general overview of Unix operating system. It starts by presenting a brief history of the early development of Unix. It concentrates on
main aspects of Unix operating system. Key concepts covered are interactive multi–user operating systems, the design objectives of Unix, file–store
organization, text processing and programming, the role of C programming language with regard to portability and reliable system software, process
control (signals and fork), error logging and recovery from system failures, modifiability and application.
Outline
I.Introduction of Unix
a.History of Unix
b.Interest in Unix
c.Early marketing
d.Developments
i.GUI ii. Linux
1.Linus Torvalds
II.The Design Objectives of Unix, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The full Unix operating system had been ported only to the top end of the early personal computer market, since Unix required CPU, memory, and
disk resources which were well in excess of what was available on the majority of these early machines. However, the growing popularity of the IBM
PC clone as a personal computing platform, and the need to have a system which students could work on encouraged Andrew Tanenbaum to write a
small version of Unix in 1986 called Minix, for the PC platform. Although it originally supported multi–processing with a single user and only floppy
disk drives for storage, it evolved over the years to Minix 2.0, with many additional features not found in the early versions. The full source code is
available. Unlike most Unix operating systems, Minix uses a micro–kernel–based design.
Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for Unix were available in the early 1980's but all were proprietary and communication at the graphical level
between two different Unix platforms was generally not possible. This situation was remedied when the Athena Project at MIT provided a standard
platform independent graphical interface for Unix and other operating systems that can be used over a network. It is usually referred to as the X
Window System, X11, or simply X. The X Window System has continued to this day to be the main graphical interface for Unix. It was primarily
enhanced and

How Not Follow Copyright Law : An Exploratory Essay On...
How to Not Follow Copyright Law:
An Exploratory Essay on Copyright and Remix Culture
As time goes by, the rate at which art changes increases at a seemly exponential rate. Our culture has more ways than ever to publish and distribute the
things we make, and with the rise of the internet we can reach any audience with a Wi–Fi connection. This digital hyper–connectivity has led many
artists to create new forms of art, some of which have gone on to start trends and cultures. One of these cultures that has become a significant part of
online media is Remix Culture. The idea of taking someone else's art and making it your own is embraced and cherished by some, and detested by
others. As this genre of media has grown over the years, the line between what is and isn't a remix has drastically blurred. Some will spend hours upon
hours making a song sound completely different from its original counterpart, while others will simply chop it up and call it their own. Though laws
were once effective when dealing with copyright infringement, the rate art has grown has significantly surpassed the rate at which these laws have
changed. People are beginning to monetize their remixes in various ways, creating much controversy surrounding who should be getting paid, or if
anyone should get paid at all. As artists, it is important to know what these laws are exactly, so we can either abide by them or find our own
workarounds. As soon as a work is created in a tangible, fixed form, it is

Are Food Bloggers An Easy Target For Copyright Infringement?
Are food bloggers an easy target for copyright infringement? Because it is just recipe writing, blogging can someone easily take away our product
(our writing, our associated photos and recipe cards) without prior permission. Where does the law stand?
Patent Right:
If you create a recipe or introduced a new method of production, or invented a new ring rodent which is substantially different from the prior art, you
can claim patent for the recipe, or if you are introducing a new method in cooking an already well–known dish still you can claim your right over the
said dish because you have invested your labor, time and originality to create that end product. For example, if you can cook an omelet in an
innovative way you can claim copyright ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then yes, your product will be guarded by copyright laws. The philosophy behind the same is to reward you for your labor and creativity by
recognising your 'intellectual' 'property'. So the test to determine the same is will it qualify as your intellectual property?. Again coming back to
food blogs, as we all are aware, all food bloggers has their own unique style and flair for writing, it may not be just a display of some ingredients it
has their personal touch. So your writings are protected because it is your baby. Another aspect to consider in the case of our food bloggers are,
what is our ultimate aim of food blogging. We want other's to make and enjoy our dish isn't it? Yet another successful plate of our food makes us
happy, isn't it. That is why almost all of us use the phrase 'serve and enjoy'. So we are giving permission for non–commercial fair use. Having said that
if you came to know that your invention is served in a restaurant and they are making a few pounds out of it, then you have every right to claim an
ownership for that dish. With so many cooking competitions and reality show looking for innovative, creative dishes it is possible that a contestant's
research may end up in the reproduction of one of your 'own creation'. Having said all these, it should be admitted that it is so hard t prove that
substantial difference from the original in the UK and The US. There are not

Open Source Productivity Tools That Run On Windows
Open Source Productivity Tools that run on Windows
Performers frequently describe a system of rules as being open source or free software. The term open source adverts to thing that people can change
and share because of the reason that, its design is publicly approachable. This term developed in the context of software evolution to delegate a
particular approach to make computer programs. Nowadays, nevertheless, open source delegates a wider set of values that we call as the open source
way.
Open source tasks, products, or enterprises clench and observe rules of open exchange, cooperative involvement, fast modeling, opacity, social
organization, and community–oriented process. Irrespective of whether a program is open–source or not is not the big deal to developers, it finally
concerns for users, too. In short, open–source software permits, give users' freedoms they would not differently have.
Idea of Open Source
Suppose that, a program is open–source and its source code is freely accessible to its users. Then, its users and anyone other can have the power to
yield this source code, change it as per their requirement, and dispense their own variants of the program. People also have the power to dispense as
many transcripts of the fresh program as they want. Anyone can utilize the program for any intent; there are no license fees or different limitations of
the software. Image 1 Caption: Open Source Operating System Desktop
For example, Ubuntu Linux

The Case Of Metallica V Napster
Copyright Stance With over three billion people in the world utilizing the internet there is great danger for copyright infringement to occur (Internet
Live Stats). Copyright law protects the creator of an original piece of work exclusive rights to the work. Many people who use the internet are sharing
files that do not belong to them and are guilty of copyright infringement. Copyright law needs to be tightened up in the digital space to protect the
creator of their unique work. In the case of Metallica v Napster (2000), Metallica filed suit against Napster for infringing upon their ownership of
their unique music. "The suit claims that Napster 'devised and distributed software whose sole purpose is to permit Napster to profit by abetting and
encouraging' piracy" (Doan, 2000). The music was original and copyrighted by Metallica. The Napster song downloads were being done without their
consent or royalties paid. The court ruled in favor of Metallica and eventaully shutting down Napster for Copyright infringement. With technology so
readily available there are many people and companies who have participated in similar illegal activities. The original copyright law did not take into
consideration the digital area. By implementing Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) it has tightened up the protection of things online and in the
digital arena.
"The DMCA makes it illegal to circumvent digital rights management technology or to 'import, offer to the public, provide or

Open and Closed Source and What It Means
Open and Closed Source Systems
June 24, 2013
Open and Closed Source System
What Open Source Means
Open–Source means it is free. No one owns it, so there is no source code, no key code, and no licensing to purchase. When Linus Torvalds created
Linux, he determined that the more people or, the more minds delving into the software can make the system more creative, more improved, and the
possibilities are endless. Thus, he gave Linux to the world as a free open–source operating system ("Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right
Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source", 2003–2009).
Open–Source is defined by the code or source code is accessible to person or persons who essentially use it or in IT definition: end–user. The user can
revise and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Software that safeguards these privileges are kept is called free software.
The license was originally written by Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation or (FSF) for the GNU project. According to Gnu General
Public License, Version 3 29 June 2007 (2007), "The GNU General Public license is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works"
(para. 1). Copyleft means a technique for creating a program whereby it is free; forcing any altered and expanded versions of said program to be
free also. A software company provides a software license to a consumer who then provides their permission for the consumer to use their software
packet or package. Typically, it comes with many restrictions, and only allows the user one copy per license. It cannot be copied or distributed in
anyway. Such is the case for Microsoft.
Microsoft also has volume licensing in that a corporation can purchase as many licenses, or also referred to as key codes, as they might need
depending on the size of the business.
When Microsoft came up with volume licensing it allowed businesses to save costs by not having to purchase the boxed software. The cost is only for
the license number or key code. It can also give tailored buying choices and better software administration.
References
Damicon; linking the left–brain and the right brain: Open vs. Closed Source. (2003– 2009). Retrieved from

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