How Did W B Yeats Contribution To Irish Nationalism

How Did W B Yeats Contribution To Irish Nationalism
The aim of this thesis is to concentrate on those poems of W.B. Yeats which deal with Irish
Nationalism. His poems intimately connect history and literature. The MLA 7th edition format has
been used in writing this thesis.
Nationalism is a doctrine invented in Europe in the beginning of the nineteenth century. It pretends
to supply the criterion for the determination of the unit of population proper to enjoy a government
exclusively of its own, for the legitimate exercise of power in the state for the rights, organization,
of a society, of states. Briefly, the doctrine holds that humanity is naturally divided into nations, that
nations are known by certain characteristics which can be ascertained, and that the only legitimate
type of government is national self–government. (Kedourie 9) The nation–state is the focus of
nationalism. Nationalism is a sentiment and an ideology. Nationalist sentiment means giving
primacy to national interest above all interests. Nationalist ideology may be defined as a desire of a
group people living in a particular geographical area to become an independent nation by evolving
their own language, symbol, flag and declaring national festivals, and people living in that area
following these rules. It is about loyalty towards the nation and if the nation is under colonial rule
then the national movement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yeats' contribution to Irish nationalism is literary. He took part in political activities but through his
writings he tried to revive a sense of pride among the people of Ireland. He wanted Irish literature to
have its unique place among the literature of other languages. During his youth, he wrote poems to
arouse nationalistic feelings, to revive a glorious past and heroic days and to protest against the
atrocities inflicted on the Irishmen by the British. But later on, due to bitter experiences, he became
a realist and his poetry was patriotic but universal in theme. His view of the world matured in his
later
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

T. F. Thistleton Dyer's The Ghost World
The Banshee, originally known as the Irish fairy creature, originated in the Celtic Isles of Ireland,
Scotland, and Great Britain. This legend has been passed down through generations due to its
persistent haunting nature. The angry female spirit flies several feet above the ground at night
terrifying people with her ghostly screams. A Banshees' high pitched shrieking foresees the death of
someone shortly to come.
The ghostly woman has no physical body, but she may appear wearing a long funeral robe and
unkempt hair. Though this is the most common, it is only one of the several different forms in which
the banshee may appear. The old hag is also said to be seen as a washerwoman washing the blood
off someone's clothes who is about to die. She may also appear as a unearthly, beautiful young
woman. No matter her age she almost always is characterized as wearing a long flowing robe with
long hair of the same color.
This fairy woman has been known in Gaelic myths and legends for centuries, but as early as 1898
she made her first appearance in literature. In T. F. Thistleton Dyer's "The Ghost World" he explains
how only ancient families are honored with the visit of the Banshee. Although through not much
honor but misfortune a family is brought ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
John D.Seymour and Harry L. Neligan and Cry of the Banshee(1970). The Cry of the Banshee a
movie about the Whitman family who hunts and kills witch covens.The witches have wolf like
howls, if a howl is heard when a person is brought in for questioning they are seen as "devil–
marked" and killed in spite of risk. The witch curse, that Whitman soon believes is over as he leaves
with his last two remaining children, is revealed to be far from over. The film ends with Whitman
stopping at a cemetery where he finds an empty coffin. He hears a loud scream and hurries back to
the coach where he finds his two kids

The Influence Of The Modern Period In British And Irish...
The modernist period in British and Irish literature was one of the most important and exciting times
in literary history. The term modernist stemmed from the beginning of the 20th century labelled the
modern period. The modern period was a time of confusion and transitions, mostly due to the result
of people returning from World War I. The modern period was an era of massive unemployment and
technological changes. Freud, Jung, and Marx were redefining human identity, Assembly lines and
factories were being introduced, and gender differences were starting to crumble. The modern
period was a time of change, and the field of Literature was no exception. Susan Gorsky, in her book
titled Virginia Woolf, states that " Virginia Woolf perhaps ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Poetry, Drama, and fiction were subjected to intensive scrutiny and extensive redefinition,
producing some of the most unusual and often difficult literary creations in English: Eliot's
Wasteland, Yeat's Plays for Dancers, and the fiction of Joyce and Lawrence is some examples.
Modernist literature reflects in it's structure as well as in it's content the overturning of tradition; the
instances upon new design produced plays and stories without plots or recognizably human
characters, poems without rhyme or meter"(16, 17). The Modernist author was able to identify with
their audience by creating stories that not only asked important questions, but also got under the
reader's skin. In George Orwell's essay titled Inside the Whale, he addresses the fact that James
Joyce's Ulysses is remarkable due to the fact of its "commonplaceness of its material." (Inside The
Whale and Other Essays, 11). The reader is able to put themselves in the characters shoes, the
characters are very three dimensional, and like modern life their stories are not so much like a fairy
tales, as they are of everyday life. The character Joyce creates in Ulysses enters many different
states of consciousness, dream states, drunkenness.... demonstrating the ability modern literature has
in relating the ideas of consciousness, in a way that the reader would be able to identify with. Orwell
goes further to say that Ulysses was filled with a "Whole

Irish Identity And Poetry Of William Butler Yeats And...
William Butler Yeats is one of the most esteemed poets in 20th century literature and is well known
for his Irish poetry. While Yeats was born in Ireland, he spent most of his adolescent years in
London with his family. It wasn't until he was a teenager that he later moved back to Ireland. He
attended the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin and joined the Theosophical Society soon after
moving back. He was surrounded by Irish influences most of his life, but it was his commitment to
those influences and his heritage that truly affected his poetry. William Butler Yeats's poetry
exemplifies how an author's Irish identity can help create and influence his work. Maud Gonne, an
Irish nationalist and patriot, was a huge muse to Yeats and his poetry. Her passion for Ireland and its
freedom was a large part of the reason why William Yeats was so passionate about the dealings in
Ireland himself. Maud was born in England but loved Ireland and believed strongly in its
independence from Britain. Although she is most known for her association with William Butler
Yeats, she had many accomplishments herself. She created the Daughters of Ireland. The Daughters
of Ireland was an organization which provided a home for Irish nationalist women and encouraged
the study of: Gaelic, Irish literature, history, music and art. Maud also went on a crusade to improve
prison conditions after she suffered a brief imprisonment herself. She even wrote a bestselling book
herself called A Servant of the

Yeats And The Salley Garden Essay
They (the great writers) were national first ... and it was the intensity of their own nationalism which
made them international. (Power 65) As Maud Gonne said "without Yeats there would have been no
Literary Revival in Ireland. Without the inspiration of that revival and glorification of beauty and
heroic virtue I doubt there would have been an Easter week" (24). Yeats was born in 1865 near
Dublin in Ireland and through his literary work contributed in the cultural nationalism of Ireland. He
imagined an Ireland that took shape as modern Ireland. He tried to unify the nation by substituting
religious beliefs of the sectarian and class loyalties with the nationalistic sentiment. He tried to
define the importance of love and death in nationalism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yeats edited by John P. Frayne. To define Irish literature, the first article begins thus:
Some of my countrymen include among (sic) national writers born in Ireland but I prefer, though it
greatly takes from the importance of our literature, to include and of Irish subjects, when once a
country was given perfect expression to itself in literature, has carried to maturity its literary
tradition, its writers, no matter what they write of, carry its influence with them, just as Carlyle
remained a Scotsman when he wrote of German kings or French, and Shakespeare an Elizabethan
Englishman when he told of Coriolanus or Cressida. (Frayne 360) In his youth he excluded Swift,
Sterne, Burke and Berkeley from his list of Irish tradition but afterward he declared them as his
predecessors. He favoured genuine literature but was against any kind of propaganda. He excluded
Thomas Moore, Thomas Davis and John Mitchel inspite of the presence of nationalism in their
poetry because they used English method in their poetry and did not contributed in enriching Irish
literary tradition. He praised Callanan for developing a new kind of verse with its source from the
Irish tradition. The poets who contributed in enriching Irish tradition were Aubrey De Vere, William
Allingham, Clarence Mangan and Sir Samuel

Jonathan Swift Comparison
Aldous Huxley and Jonathan Swift both have a different way of bringing society's attention to the
real problems of the world. Both authors utilize the "New Historicism" lense as an influence to each
of their pieces of literature. From 1729 to 1932, there were plenty of historical conflicts that could
help each author make society want to change the current problems that they were facing. In 1932,
Huxley satirizes the sexual freedom and moral decay of the
Roaring 20s in Brave New World. In 1729, Swift satirizes the rising problem of overpopulation in
Ireland in his short story, "A Modest Proposal". Over population resulted in a great famine and it
affected most of the people living in Ireland. A popular theory about overpopulation by
Thomas Malthus influenced Swift's short story and Huxley might have used it to contribute to his
novel.
In Brave New World, there were many historical commonalities that could have potentially inspired
Huxley. Huxley wrote Brave New World following the Roaring 20s and during this time period, jazz
music was making its debut and people viewed it as sexual music.
Although Huxley was very cautious and often chose to stay away from ideologies, he used Brave
New World to satirize how the citizens threw out relationships and exchanged them for sex.
Characters forgot their morals and viewed sex as recreational instead of reproductive. Jazz music
was very influential and one very vital instrument to jazz music is the saxophone. In Brave New
Reaves 2

The Butcher Boy Irish Imperialism
Midterm Essay – Prompt 3 During the British invasion and colonization, the Irish endured decades
of violence and oppression. During this time, the Irish were stereotyped and made out to be inferior
to their British counterparts in an attempt to justify their right to rule. The Irish people were depicted
as violent drunks who were more animal than human. They were often likened to pigs, portrayed as
poor, dirty, and stupid. Obviously, this contributed to the animosity between the native Irish and
their Anglo–Irish neighbors. The country lacked any sort of unified national identity. Even after
Ireland received full independence, the effects of this long term injustice definitely left its mark.
Once they received full autonomy, Irish society ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main character, Francie Brady, is a very troubled young man with an alcoholic father and a
mentally ill mother. His family is frequently talked down to and disrespected by their community.
Nobody wants to deal with Francie, so when he begins acting out, he is sent away first to an
industrial school, then to a mental institution. Because he does not fit in with the ideal Irish
community, Francie is pushed out. Furthermore, this social rejection only intensifies Francie's
mental instability. Francie dives into a world of delusion and fantasy, trying to create a world in
which he can be happy. He twists the world around him so he is not an outcast. No matter how badly
his community treats him, he is accepted if only in his mind. And as more and more people leave
him behind, he is only driven deeper into his fantasy world. In this case, Francie, a mentally ill
delinquent and his family, are made into the "other." They do not fit into what their community sees
as the ideal Ireland, so they are ostracized. This isolation only adds fuel to the fire, driving Francie
more and more into his delusions, ultimately leading to his murder of his neighbor who labelled him
and his family as "pigs." Francie can be seen as a symbol of darker side of Irish society. He is
immature, emotionally stunted, and nostalgic for an idealized

Summary Of Brian Friel's 'Translations'
The play 'Translations' is set in a Gaelic–speaking, Hedge school in Northern Ireland, 1833. Brian
Friel explores the modernization affect individuals and communities that occurred as a result of the
conquering English language. He examines how language shapes reality, whilst questioning the
assumption that any two people can share the same reality; ideas can be translated between cultures
without necessarily being altered. The play offers a parable about the fate of a parochial attitude for
those who are not familiar with Irish history. Brain Friel is considered to be "concerned with the
nuances of both personal and cultural–national identity and its relation to colonial dispossession,
issues of home, language, tradition...' (Bertha 2006, 154). Friel writes a story of how one nation lost
its language, culture and literature as a result of being conquered by another. He explores the reasons
behind this loss and the ways in which society can overcome this sense of isolation.
There is a sense of forced assimilation through the loss of the Irish language, with the reoccurring
feeling of isolation appearing to be the result. A lack of mutual understanding is present between not
only the British and Irish but also the Irish themselves, for there are common disputes about
conforming to the English language. "The native language declined, not as an outcome of British
policy so much as because an entire generation of the Irish themselves decided no longer to speak it"
(Kiberd 1995:

The Big House In Wuthering Heights
The Big House has been a symbol, motif, subject matter, setting and theme in the majority of classic
Gothic Literature. The big 'man–made structures' have therefore become a common gothic trope,
acting almost like a character in the work. In many classic gothic stories the Big House usually has a
political, cultural and historical representation. In this essay, I will be analysing the Big Houses
representation of the power and wealth of the Anglo–Irish Ascendency as they sat in between the
poverty–stricken, colonized, Catholic Gaelic Irish and the people who colonised them: the English
in the two novels 'Castle Rackrent' and 'Wuthering Heights' .
Irish Gothic authors have been very interested in the identity conflicts and social status of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of the civilized Linton family, Catherine exchanges her savage rebellion and freedom to
conform to the civilized Thrushcross Grange. Catherine's first impression of life with civilized
Lintons puts to rest any doubt that Heathcliff and her were inside such a room, 'we should have
thought ourselves in heaven!' (ch.vi, p.38). Thrushcross Grange is eventually brought into
Heathcliff, Catherine and Hindley's drama. The impact Wuthering Heights had on the Linton family
is a metaphor for the corruption of culture by nature. The parody of the patriarchal nature of culture,
that Brontë depicts, inflicts sorrow and entrapment on the characters which eventually leads to their
disaffection. Catherine eventually rejects the new civilized life when she states that, "heaven did not
seem to be my home; and I broke my heart with weeping to come back to earth; and the angels were
so angry that they flung me out, into the middle of the heath on the top of Wuthering Heights; where
I woke sobbing for joy" (ch.ix, p. 63). The excerpt symbolically brings more attention to civilization
and its

Essay On Irish Dancing On Gait And Flexibility
Research Proposal.
Title:
An examination into the effects that Irish dancing has on gait and ankle flexibility.
Introduction
The topic that will be discussed in this proposal is the effects of dancing on gait and ankle flexibility
in dancers. The population being researched is dancers and will make comparisons between dancers
and non–dancers. The purpose of this research is for examining the effects dancing has on ankle
flexibility and gait patterns in dancers and determining whether or not there is a difference between
the gait patterns of dancers in comparison to non–dancers. Dancing requires extreme ankle postures
and unique balance. Intensive and long term practice of extreme ankle postures can cause changes in
gait patterns in dancers during normal walking (Lung, Chern, Hsieh, & Yang, 2008).
Literature Review:
The aim of the research carried out by Lung, Chern, Hsieh, and Yang (2008), was to investigate the
differences in gait patterns between dancers and non–dancers. This study hypothesized that gait
patterns in dancers will be significantly different to non–dancers. Thirty–three subjects were
recruited for the purposes of the study. Thirteen of the subjects were dancers and twenty of the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These injuries that occur as a result of dancing have a clear knock on effect on the gait and foot and
ankle kinetics of a dancer as shown in the research articles outlined in the literature review. There
are numerous studies surrounding the injuries caused by dancing and the effect these injuries have
on gait, however the majority of these studies focus on Ballet or modern dance and do not focus on
Irish dancing. There appears to be a gap in research surrounding Irish dancing and its effects on
normal gait and ankle flexibility. The purpose of carrying out this research is to acknowledge this
gap in previous

Themes Of Ireland In A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift
Ireland has a dreadful history of poverty, greed and an unfair treatment by the English. "The rich
become richer and the poor become poorer is a cry heard throughout the whole civilized world"
(Schiller, 1795). The poorest people of Ireland suffer extremely hard lives and no one seems to care
or even want to help. The middle class and the political Irish people only interests lie in making
themselves wealthier. The English had no intentions in helping these people so the poor people were
treated atrociously. This way of living was the Irish way of life in the 16th century and no one took
any notice on it bar Jonathan Swift. He drew focus on this scandalous Irish system in his pamphlet,
"A Modest Proposal" in 1729. His satirist writing shocks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
His themes range from inertia to the suffering poor people. Inertia is the resistance to any physical
modification, and Swift conception was anything but this. Swift's sole purpose in writing this
pamphlet in a satire method was to get people talking and doing something about these problems as
it would trigger a nerve in his readers. His satiric shots are assorted in with factual details that
highlight the rich citizens' lack of action; "But I am not in the least pain upon that matter because it
is very well known that they are every day dying and rotting by cold and famine, and filth and
vermin, as fast as can be reasonably expected" (Swift, 1726). When he wrote about the suffering
people, he called out the landlords and how they mistreated their tenants. He has no time for these
people and even goes as far as comparing them to Egyptian slave drivers; "Secondly, the poorer
tenants will have something valuable of their own which by law may be made liable to distress and
help to pay their landlord's rent, their corn and cattle being already seized, and money a thing
unknown" (The Project Gutenberg EBook, 2015). His characters also have an important role in his
pamphlet and why this literature piece is still important to students these days, one example is the
children. They play a significant role in the pamphlet, but they aren't the luckiest characters in "A
Modest Proposal". Swift uses linguistic to dehumanize the children entirely. He doesn't view them
as living, breathing beings, but considered them to be tomorrow's leftover lunch; "I do therefore
humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already
computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one–fourth part to be males,
which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle, or swine" (Genius.com, 2015). His theme and
characters in his

The Historical and Colonial Context of Brian Friel’s...
The Historical and Colonial Context of Brian Friel's Translations
Regarded by many as Brian Friel's theatrical masterpiece, Seamus Deane described Translations as
"a sequence of events in history which are transformed by his writing into a parable of events in the
present day" (Introduction 22). The play was first produced in Derry in 1980. It was the first
production by Field Day, a cultural arts group founded by Friel and the actor Stephen Rea, and
associated with Deane, Seamus Heaney and Tom Paulin.
As Deane asserts, the play is in many respects an intelligent and enlightening metaphor for the
situation in Northern Ireland. The aims of raising cultural awareness and dispelling socio–political
apathy in the North were central to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This culminated in the Rebellion of 1798, lead by Wolfe Tone and the Society of United Irishmen, in
which Hugh and Jimmy participated: "The road to Sligo. A spring morning. 1798. Going into battle"
(445). But, as these characters soon discovered, the rebellion failed resulting in large executions and
the passing of the Act of Union in 1800. This piece of legislation, effective from 1 January 1801,
brought Ireland under the direct rule of the British Crown.
1823 saw the rise of Daniel O'Connell (the only real person mentioned in the play), a disillusioned
veteran of 1798 who founded the Catholic Association. O'Connell campaigned for better civil rights
and social conditions for the Irish people, hence Maire reporting that he said "We should all be
learning to speak English" (399). O'Connell believed that it was necessary to use the English
language in order to allow Ireland to progress in a quickly modernising Western world. In 1829, due
to his efforts in Parliament, the Catholic Emancipation Act came into force overturning the penal
laws.
It was at this juncture, when the play takes place, that Britain began to make deeper inroads to Irish
society and culture. An attempt to colonise the mind and the people as opposed to conquering land
through brute force. Translations is Friel's vehicle for representing methods central to the colonial
discourse of Imperialist aspirations. In the foreground of the play

A Summary Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight
Medieval literature is a passion that has enveloped me since I read Chrétien de Troyes'
Lancelot during my freshman year. In this Arthurian romance, Chrétien represents Lancelot as
conflicted–a chivalrous knight whom one expects to find only in myth, yet in violation of the code
of honor, desirous of his lord's queen. I began thinking of the tales of the Arthurian knights as more
than legendary–as potentially credible historical accounts. Soon, I wrote a paper on
Gawain's rhetoric as a means to elicit specific responses in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
Gawain's rhetorical strategies and their manipulations ultimately lead him to a deeper personal
recognition and self–acceptance. This early exercise alerted me to the pleasures of working with
languages of the Middle Ages. My academic interest in Celtic Studies was piqued when I learned of
Ogam stones in my
Literature in the Natural World class. Ogam is not a spoken language, rather, a code of inscriptions
that gave the Irish language an alphabet and supplied the Irish people with a means of writing on
stone, wood, and other natural elements with relative ease. Ogam is also found in many manuscripts,
where it is both written and read in a manner different from that employed when it is found on
stones. As an aspiring academic in Medieval Literature, I recognize that knowledge of the literature
of medieval cultures is vitally important. Irish literature, including
Ogam inscriptions and manuscripts, is therefore essential to

James Joyce Essay
In selecting James Joyce's Ulysses as the best novel of the twentieth century, Time magazine
affirmed Joyce's lasting legacy in the realm of English literature. James Joyce (1882–1941), the
twentieth century Irish novelist, short story writer and poet is a major literary figure of the
twentieth–century. Regarded as "the most international of writers in English¡K[with] a global
reputation (Attridge, pix), Joyce's stature in literature stems from his experimentation with English
prose. Influenced by European writers and an encyclopedic knowledge of European literatures,
Joyce's distinctive writing style includes epiphanies, the stream–of–consciousness technique and
conciseness.
Born in Rathgar, near Dubtin, in 1882, he lived his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hauptmann's comprehensive version of the portrait of an artist helped Joyce develop his own
interpretation. A further clarification was provided by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzche
(1844–1900). Joyce adapted Nietzsche's concept of the Superman in developing his portrait of an
artist. Although Joyce rejected the Catholic Church all his life, Reynords, in Joyce and Dante: The
Shaping Imagination clams that the Italian poet and the greatest of Catholic poets Dante Alighier
(1265–1321) "whose influence pervades all Joyce's writing is never cowed by authority"
(Attridge p. 56–57). Perhaps that is why Joyce was attracted to Dante's writing.
&#9;Of all his literary countryman, the only Irish literary who's left a profound impression on
Joyce was that Irish nationalist poet, James Clarence Mangan (1803–1849). In the short story
"Araby," Joyce pays tribute to the poet by naming the narrator's classmate, Mangan.
Joyce identified with Mangen because of his linguistic skill and knowledge of the literature of Italy,
Spain, France and Germany. Furthermore, Mangan was disdained by his Irish contemporaries––a
gesture Joyce considered an act of treachery.
&#9;Joyce's use of the stream–of consciousness technique first appeared record these
epiphanies with extreme care, "seeing that they themselves are the moments." (Kalasty,
p.199) Although all the stories

The Irish Revival Poem
Still after the official Irish Independence in 1922, the Irish people needed to find an identity free of
the English influence but also of the Catholic morality and the values celebrated by the Revival, an
identity which could be in step with the times and truly represent them. It was a particularly difficult
task for intellectuals and writers. They found themselves almost shut up by Irish censorship and
rejected by the bigotry that mostly characterized the middle–class society for decades after the
Independence. Michael O'Donovan in a speech about censorship in 1962 said that writers had to
face the bookless homes, the horrible libraries each with its own little group of censors, snuffing out
sex that the Censorship Board had failed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In another poem, Revival, emerges a reflection about the Irish language. It seems like people in the
1960s were still trying to learn it, as it was in the 1920s, but the results do not give the impression of
being good. In the poem, some people who are grouped together to listen to him, an Irish poet, do
not know Irish and he does not have translations for his poems, almost symbolizing that he cannot
make for them the great effort of learning a language as difficult from Irish, "'How the Irish
Language Revived Me!'/ ('after nearly shaggin' killing me,' [...]" (235). Then, we can observe that in
Davitt's poetry as in O'Brien's fiction there is the contrast between rural and urban experience,
nonetheless the attitudes towards this theme are different. If the two girls in The Country Girls move
to Dublin in order to have a new life, to free themselves from the constraints of their life in the
countryside, in Davitt's poem Limerick it is evident how, despite the fact that the poet can adapt to
the life in the city, there is a diffidence and uncomfortableness. The tone that he used to depict urban
people seems to be sarcastic I should learn to accept

Irish Literature And Rebellion Essay
Irish Literature and Rebellion
In the heart of every Irishman hides a poet, burning with nationalistic passion for his beloved
Emerald Isle. It is this same passion, which for centuries, Great Britain has attempted to snuff out of
the Catholics of Ireland with tyrannical policies and the hegemony of the Protestant religion.
Catholics were treated like second–class citizens in their native home. Centuries of oppression
churned in the hearts of the Irish and came to a boil in the writings and literature of the sons and
daughters of Ireland. The Literary Renaissance of Ireland produced some of the greatest writers the
world has seen. John O'Leary said it best, "literature must be national and nationalism must ... Show
However, he was troubled at the thought that his pen could be the cause of war. Although he was
politically active, his focus was more on the cultural and literary realms than on a violent rebellion
"At the end of his life he was still wondering if his early writing had helped to seed the rising, to
'send out / Certain men the English shot' ("The Man and the Echo, lines 11–12")" (DLB 19, 420). [I
was unable to find a copy of "The Man and the Echo" in print so I downloaded and from the internet
and have attached it.] He goes on further to question how because of his poems, he has caused the
destruction of homes and families, "Could my spoken words have checked / There whereby a house
lay wrecked?" (The Man and the Echo, line 15–16). Yeats considers himself responsible for the
death of his friends and others family. He is disappointed that his ink could be the reason for
bloodshed.
The "rising" that Yeats is talking about is the Easter Rising of 1916. On April 24, 1916, a group of
Irishmen that called themselves the Irish Republican Brotherhood led by Padraic Pearse and James
Connolly's Ctizen Army, posted the Declaration of the Republic on the door of the General Post
Office in Dublin and declared Ireland a free country. [I have also attached a copy of the Declaration
of the Republic for reference.] Unfortunately, although anticipated by the nationalist's leadership,
the British Troops quickly suppressed the rebellion and the

The Journey For The Cure Literary Analysis
Dear Tidal Wave Publishing Incorporated:
Greetings to Tidal Wave Publishing! I am a 7th grade student at Old Donation School. I would like
to submit my original fable based on traditional Irish fables and myths, titled The Journey for the
Cure, to be inserted in your upcoming anthology. This story is about a man, Jack Kelly, who makes
a journey to save his wife from a curse. On his journey, he meets a leprechaun who throws him off
and he has to race to save his wife in time. My work reveals common Irish traditions, archetypes,
and morals that are relevant with youth.
The purpose of storytelling in Irish culture was to pass along morals in an entertaining way, in order
to impact the lives of the reader. From the traditional Irish literary works I have read, they all have
morals that are about being loyal, and not being naive or selfish when encountering other people.
For example, in the Irish fable, The Field of Boliauns, the protagonist, Tom Fitzpatrick, is very
greedy and selfish when he encounters a leprechaun. In the end, Tom ends up without any gold,
because of his selfishness and how naive he was. In my story, The Journey for the Cure, the reader is
taught that being naive and selfish can affect you negatively in life. When the protagonist, Jack
Kelly, wants the leprechaun's gold, the leprechaun tricks him and he almost ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Irish myth, The Voyage of Bran, Bran, the main character, disobeys the wishes of the Chief of
the Isles of the Women and returns back to Ireland, finding that he is cursed and cannot step foot
onto Irish soil. This Traditional literature also reveals that the Irish people are very close to their
customs like believing in leprechauns or using Ireland's primary crop, potatoes, often in their meals.
For example in my story, a leprechaun is a minor character, which is an important archetypal
mythological irish

The Identity Of Ireland : The Impact Of Irish Identity
Near the turn of the twentieth century, Ireland had a crisis of identity. In 1890, the most influential
Irish Nationalist politician and champion of home rule, Charles Stewart Parnell, was denounced by
the Catholic Church of Ireland over the Divorce Crisis, something the church saw as an immoral
affair. The issue of Parnell's morality split the Irish public's opinion on what was fundamentally
most important: Religion or State Freedom. The political progress that was made towards a freer
Ireland came to a momentary halt. Nationalists and artists alike attempted to construct a cohesive
narrative about Irish identity to bring their people together to oppose British colonial rule.
William Butler Yeats, the major Irish poet from this era, constructed Irish identity through images of
beautiful pastoral landscapes and Celtic myths. He drew upon revivalist sentiments to call citizens to
action. John Millington Synge, an influential playwright and anthropologist, based his work on the
life and language of Irish peasants to illustrate a raw image of Irish men and women. As Scott W.
Klein writes in his essay "National Histories, National Fictions: Joyce's 'A Portrait of the Artist as a
Young Man' and Scott's 'The Bride of Lammermoor,'" "The Celtic Revival attempted to produce a
new Irish culture in the absence of compelling political cohesion after the death of Parnell" (Klein
1017). The creation of essential "Irishness" was central to the goals of building a strong nation.

Irish American Drinking Habits in Literature and in...
Representations of Irish/Irish–American Drinking Habits in Literature and in Popular Culture: A
Self–Defeating Cycle
Introduction Stereotypes are not hard to come by in popular American culture, and truly in popular
cultures the world over. Human beings seem programmed to make quick and superficial judgments
about anyone who is or who simply appears to be "different" or "other than" oneself, equating race,
ethnicity, skin color, and/or country of origin with a set of specific attitudes, values, and behaviors
that are often insultingly oversimplified and incorrect. The United States has had more than its share
of struggles with accepting newcomers and dealing with minorities of all stripes, possibly due to the
fact that the nation has a rich history of immense immigration that has led to higher levels of multi–
ethnic and multicultural interactions and social pressures than have existed in many other nations.
Regardless of the reasons behind the American propensity for stereotyping, the idea of Americans as
bigots a stereotype in and of itself is unfortunately at least partially earned by the country's history
and popular culture. The issues of slavery and civil rights for African–Americans is well–known
racism in this relationship still regularly rears its head in the media; only slightly less well–known is
the treatment of Native Americans by the white conquerors of the continent and the current hot–
button topic of immigration from Latin America. These problems have

Satire of a Modest Proposal Essay
Irony is a beautiful technique exercised to convey a message or call a certain group of people to
action. This rhetorical skill is artfully used by Jonathan Swift in his pamphlet "A Modest Proposal."
The main argument for this mordantly ironic essay is to capture the attention of a disconnected and
indifferent audience. Swift makes his point by stringing together a dreadfully twisted set of morally
untenable positions in order to cast blame and aspersions on his intended audience. Jonathan Swift's
"A Modest Proposal" employs despicably vivid satire to call for change in a world of abuse and
misfortune. The entire proposal stands as a satire in itself; an analogy paralleling the tyrannical
attitude of the British toward their Irish ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The British have reigned over the Irish so long and so cruelly that they have left Ireland in "state of
dependence" psychologically, politically, and economically. In other words, the "ideology of
Protestant consumption" has "actually eroded" the self–confidence and sense of worth of the Irish so
badly that it has left Ireland a nation unable to sustain itself (Mahoney). England is eating up
Ireland. But this tribulation cannot be blamed solely on the British. Swift cleverly condemns the
British aristocracy for their mistreatment of the Irish people while also criticizing the Irish people
for allowing this exploitation. The Irish have done nothing to halt the terrorizing nature of their
domineering counterparts. Swift uses this proposal to "the wretched Irish situation" (Lockwood). By
"rigorously underplaying the aspect of fantasy in his proposal," Swift suggests the Irish have arrived
at a condition in which such a plan may be seriously considered (Lockwood). Booth describes that
every detail of Swift's proposal "supports the inference that the woes of Ireland make, indeed, a
'melancholy Object.'" In essence, the "anger against the English is used merely to heighten" Swift's
own dismay over the way Ireland has conducted itself (Booth). Swift craftily causes readers to
question more than just how to fix the problems in fraught Ireland. Through the supreme verbal
irony of his

James Joyce Research Paper
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce is well–known for his many extraordinary Literature pieces. Still,
to this day he is celebrated throughout Ireland as being one of the most influential figures in Irish
history. Among his literary works, the most recognized and famous literature pieces were
"Dubliners," "A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man," Ulysses," and "Finnegans Wake." Very early
in life, Joyce struggled with his identity and self–importance. Furthermore, Joyce publicizes these
identity struggles and adolescence challenges in his autobiographical novel, "A portrait of an Artist
as a Young Man." This novel introduced his newly formed technique called the "stream of
consciousness." This well–developed technique indirectly allows the audience to distinguish the
thoughts and feelings of the main character, Steven Daedalus; this fictional character is an actual
representation of himself. Stephen Daedalus reappears in Joyce's masterpiece "Ulysses," but
depicted with more sophisticated character traits. As a young adult, James Joyce established his own
set of principles in which to follow throughout life. These Principles became very apparent in both
his writing and his life choices. Some people may even go as far as to call ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Thou, in the mid–19th century a group called "Young Irelanders" attempted to preserve Irish
traditions and the authentic Gaelic language. Sadly, this group failed due to the misconception that
"English" was the superiority language and "Gaelic" was that of the poverty class (The Gaelic
Revival). Additionally, Joyce's parents were of noble heritage, and at the age of six, he was sent off
to a very prestigious Catholic boarding school. It was at Clongowes Wood boarding school, in which
Joyce's autobiographical novel, "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" setting

Essay on The Penguing Classic Early Irish Myths and Sagas
The Penguing Classic Early Irish Myths and Sagas
The Penguin Classic Early Irish Myths And Sagas exhibits a great cross–section of the many
examples of the stories told by Iron Age Celts. These stories revolve around the customs, battles,
gods, and heroes of the ancient Celts. It is said that a great deal can be learned from Irish tales about
the clothing, weapons, houses, and other aspects of the material culture of the Iron Age Celts 1 and
that the stories are more valuable for scholars of society than scholars of religion 2.
The question if these stories are a good 'window' on the Iron Age is a difficult one. Firstly historians
can not even confirm what happened in the time of the Iron Age Celts, secondly, without much ...
The character Cu Chulaind could grow to abnormal sizes to defeat enemies like in the first story of "
The Boy hood Deeds of Cu Chulaind" where he fought and proved himself to all "three fifties" of
the young boys. Then in the second story he is conquering enemies at the age of six to save his
people and their name. These stories even have supernatural pigs. The pig in "The Tale of Macc Da
Tho's Pig" was so big that 40 oxen had laid across it and its stomach was enough for a meal for nine
men. 4
Beside these logical impossibilities historians have also found mistakes in the historical
interpretations of these stories. The research in Ronald Hutton's book "The Pagan Religions of the
Ancient British Isles" tells of many errors in the in the references in association with the proposed
time line. The archeology suggests that the earliest literature was not a window on the Iron Age but
on the early Middle Ages in which it was composed. In many of the stories they speak of gathering
in Halls, fighting with swords which came about in the Viking age, and riding in chariots from the
Christian times 5. The real Iron Age Celts had a simpler way of living than the higher class they are
portrayed to have enjoyed living in.
The stories in the book "Early Irish Myths And Sagas" can tell us a great deal about the Celtic
Peoples praying to more than one god. Some of the stories tell us who their gods were, what their

A Modest Proposal Analysis Essay
A Modest Proposal
Literary Analysis
By J––– –––––––––––
J––– –––––––––––
Mr. H–––––
Period 6
2 May 2011
Jonathan Swift's Use of Satire and Exaggeration Satire is a form of literature in which an author tries
to demonstrate his or her point of view by ridiculing. The author uses heavy irony and sarcasm in
order to criticize a social issue. A perfect example of a work of satire is Jonathan Swift's A Modest
Proposal. In this satirical essay, Jonathan Swift attacks on the issue of the Irish poverty in the 1700s.
The essay sarcastically suggests that Ireland's social and economic problems would be quickly
solved by putting the children of impoverished Irish families on the food market. Through heavy
exaggeration, Jonathan ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One example is when he states "that a child just born will weigh twelve pounds, and in a solar year,
if tolerably nursed, will increase to twenty–eight pounds" (804). By giving infants a set of
instructions and guidelines, in analogy to livestock, Swift tries to make it seem as if he has no
emotional attachment to the Irish children. When Swift is describing the use of children as
commodities, it is ironic because his intentions are to actually explain that the English view the
whole Irish population as commodities. The English landlords are the ones responsible for Ireland's
poverty. The essay shows, through sarcasm, that the English have purposely took everything from
the Irish because they view them as commodities. One example of sarcasm used to portray that idea
is that the utilization of infants will be "proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured
most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children" (804). It is very apparent that Swift
blames the English for Ireland's problems. He also blames the Irish Catholics that allowed English
policy to break down Ireland. The essay illustrates that the greed–filled English have taken away
everything from the Irish. This includes their material things such as their money, their

Rocking Infant Poor And Unlucky Travelers By Jonathon Swift
Writing of devouring infant poor and unlucky travelers, Jonathon Swift satirically writes of the
tyranny of England. The 18th century began with a great struggle between Ireland and England. The
world power of England encroached on the rights of the Irish including monitoring their right to
their own parliament and regulating their trade clearly benefitting the English. England had left
Ireland starving and impoverished. Jonathon Swift, an author at the time, wrote several essays
intending to spite the English and call the Irish to action to fight this oppression. The Irish did not
respond. Terry Eagleton and Daniel Coleman's theories prove that in his attempt to move Ireland to
action Swift in actuality pacified their need to rebel again the encroaching English. His literature
provided the humanization to prevent violence, the information to prevent further action, and the
vicarious experiences that fulfilled the peasants for retribution. It will be my pleasure to discuss, as
Derrida would argue, that because Swift's essays can be centered on both sparking and abating an
uprising the structure of the essays have been destroyed and therewith their meaning. Eagleton said,
"If masses are not thrown a few novels, they may react by throwing up a few barricades." (Eagleton
45) Eagleton is speaking here about the start of studying English as a subject, but would not Swift's
essays have the same effect? Eagleton states that there is something humanizing and assuaging
about

The Causes Of The Easter Rising
The nativist social and cultural revival preached antagonism towards the social and cultural forms of
Great Britain. In this way, the Irish language and literary movement can be seen to have not only
encouraged Irish nationalism and separatism, but also fed the flames of Anglophobia which can thus
be interpreted as a catalyst in inspiring the imaginations for those who later led the 1916 Easter
Rising. The revival of Irish language and literature had a notable effect on the course of Irish politics
leading up to partition. It ultimately brought forth a keener understanding of Ireland's culture,
traditions, history and grievances, and romanticised Irish traditions separate to those of a greater
Britain. Moreover, it enabled Ireland's demand for more freedom to gain increasing empathy
throughout the world. It was public opinion that converted British politicians to the view that at least
some measure of independence to Ireland should be given.
Much of the Irish nationalistic traditions romanticize the heroism of failed attempts by outgunned
individuals to overcome the powerful British state. While there had historically been numerous
armed rebellions against the British, the development of formal paramilitary organisations in the
years leading to partition was an anomaly, and one driven by a resort to arms by the unionists. A
nationalist secret society, the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), was formed in 1858. Known
popularly as "the Fenians", this group carried out a

Essay on Brian Friel's Translations
Brian Friel's Translations
Brian Friel's play Translations was the first production of the Field Day Theatre Company in Derry
in 1980, which Friel co–founded with Stephen Rea. It describes the beginning of the process of
Anglicization in a relatively remote Gaelic–speaking area during the 1833 Survey of Ireland, in
which the English mapped Ireland, both culturally and geographically. Years of concerted
anglicizing of the Irish by the British early in the 19th century led to the widespread fall into disuse
of the native Gaelic tongue. National schools teaching exclusively in English began to open during
the Survey of Ireland, and English culture encroached rapidly into Ireland. William Butler Yeats and
Douglas Hyde write from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hyde's speech argues that the Irish had by that point indiscriminately adopted all that was English
with little thought as to its value, that the Irish had "[ceased] to be Irish without becoming
English."2 He criticizes those Irish who claim to hate British dominance, yet speak only English,
anglicize their Irish names, and remain ignorant of Gaelic literature. His central view is that the
Gaelic language is the most important aspect of an Irish identity distinct to that of the British, and
that only a return to Ireland's native language can halt the process of Anglicization. However, he is
careful not to make the claim that nothing English is of value, but emphasizes the necessity of not
neglecting that which is essentially Irish.
The history of Ireland is one of early scholasticism and rich culture in times when the rest of Europe
had less of a literary and artistic tradition. By the time of Hyde's speech, the nation had become "one
of the least studious and most un–literary"3 countries of the area, and he claims that the fault lies in
a divergence from "the right path."4 Progressive Anglicization has led the Irish to forget their own
culture and its traditions. The British claim that because the Irish have forgotten much of their
language and customs, they should be content as an integral part of the United Kingdom, and

William Shakespeare 's ' Hamlet '
Mirror to Society
Within the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare wrote what he thought to be the purpose of theatre.
He defined theatre to be the actor's ability to hold up a mirror to nature and portray what is actually
happening within society. During the time of Shakespeare, the main aim in theatre was to create a
night of entertainment, where society could escape from the issues of the day. However,
Shakespeare's message of reflection would take hold in the 19th–century as the primary purpose for
theatre and evoke a modernization within theatre that insisted it be a reflection of reality. During the
1890s, two strategies developed in an effort to restore the Celtic heritage in Ireland, the Irish
Literary Movement and the Neo– Gaelic revival. It is for this reason that an Irish Literary
Renaissance began spreading through Ireland. This renaissance was influenced by an increase in the
national interest for Gaelic legends and myths. The revival of the old Gaelic heritage served as
inspiration to the growing political nationalism. At the close of the 19th century, Nationalist
movements were spreading throughout most of Europe. In Ireland, the nationalist movement was
calling for separation from British oppression. Ireland had been under English rule for over 300
years and saw itself ready for home–rule. Irish politics began to pressure its artists into displaying a
civilized and respectable national image. However, the Irish people could not agree on an exact
image.

A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift
Michael Smith
Professor Doyle
World Literature II
6 August 2017
A Modest Proposal: Jonathan Swift
In Jonathan Swift's pamphlet "A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from
Being a Burthen to their Parents, or the Country, and for Making them Beneficial to the Publick" is a
very controversial pamphlet about the starving people of Ireland. Swift suggests that the parents of
the starving children commit cannibalism and sell their children as food. At this time, England's
foothold in Ireland was very dominate. The pamphlet 's main purpose was to shock not only the
wealthy English, but also the Irish population to realize the injustices that were occurring in Ireland
at that time. The pamphlet is an ironic attempt to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
English Parliament had even passed laws that limited the rights of the Irish in their own country.
Swift certainly means to attack the practices by which the English figuratively "devoured" the Irish
by suggesting that they might as well go ahead and literally devour them too.
Swift also addressed the Irish who allowed such a situation to transpire without taking adequate
steps to preserve themselves. He thought they had not done enough to stand up to the English before
it became too late. In other words, he also blames the Irish for their seeming complicity with their
own subjugation. There were some wealthy Protestant Irish landlords taxing fellow starving Irish. It
was not always English landowners coming into Ireland and taxing Irish tenants. At this time
England was one of the wealthiest country in the world, and so much power over Ireland. Swift felt
like the people of Ireland needed to band together and make a stand – To not let their people starve
in the streets. Even though Ireland was run by the British Crown, there were still Irish
representatives in England that were just standing by.
Jonathan Swift was a Protestant, born in Ireland but preferred to live in England. What the English
were doing did not directly affect Swift, but he wanted the horrors of what was occurring to be
stopped. He believed that the public didn 't realize the magnitude of the situation and how their lack
of

Analysis Of Swift 's ' The Sun Of The Eighteenth Century '
Swift's Neoclassical Classic
The sun of the Eighteenth century shines brilliantly on the era of British wealth and power, filling
every part of great British life with pride and confidence. British literature, no longer stoic and
medieval is revitalized and reclassified. As in the early Renaissance days Restoration authors think
highly of Classical literature. Unlike their predecessors however, they are freer with classical style
and prose. In one such restoration work, patterned after early Greek and Roman Cynics, author
Jonathan Swift Calls the British Isles to action with an unprecedented solution to the problem of
poverty; and exemplifies neoclassical literature in satirical style, sordid subject, and solid structure.
Satire is one of the distinguishing marks that makes "A Modest Proposal" a classic example of
Neoclassical Literature. In his use of Satire Jonathan Swift was undoubtedly influenced by Greek
and Roman cynics who criticized the status quo. Like some of these cynics, instead of offering a
reasonable and moral solution to a social problem, Swift captures the attention of the Irish people by
a proposition of cannibalism. Describing his proposal Swift writes, "A child will make two dishes at
an entertainment for friends and when the family dines alone the fore or hind quarter will make a
reasonable dish and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day
especially in winter." In statements like this Swift use the power of

What Is The Theme Of Symbolism In O 'Dajain By O' Faol�in
Furthering the impression of Gypsy's liminality is the sense that her identity is withheld. Her clothes
are another indicator of how her identity has been stripped in the same way her clothes are removed,
"Holding her clothes about her body she stepped to the corner of the lodge and looked across at the
blazing house" (32). Clothes are an indicator of class, personality and therefore identity. By merely
holding them "about her body" she bears no identity. Later in the text, she is stripped of a voice also.
Whereas she had previously been very vocal and furiously passionate, she becomes completely
silent once her grim fate is presented to her: "she said not a word now" (72). This silence aligns her
with the discourse of subalterity as it is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
'Rootlessness' seems to be something O'Faoláin is advocating for, both for the new opportunities it
can afford as well as the release it provides from this claustrophobic, unwelcoming community.
Aidan Arrowsmith reinforces this opinion, maintaining the need for escape from the "static
conservatism of the Catholic Nationalist Free State" (131). Gypsy and Henn both suffer from an
identity which has been forced upon them. Henn is repeatedly described as a "madman" (11), while
Gypsy is an object for sexual control. While their position marginalises them, it also generates a
need for a new sense of identity and rootedness stability which they may find in Paris. This
optimism may be misplaced, but it cannot be denied that O'Faoláin is offering liminality as
something to be reconsidered and re–engaged with. As Susan Cahill maintains, the liminal can be "a
productive space where history, identity and memory can be reimagined and rearticulated" (Liminal
Borderlands, 9). O'Faoláin endeavours to do exactly that in 'Midsummer Night

Flann O'Brien, Dickens and Joyce: Form, Identity and...
Flann O'Brien, Dickens and Joyce: Form, Identity and Colonial Influences
All quotations from The Third Policeman are taken from the 1993 Flamingo Modern Classic edition.
In this essay I intend to examine Flann O'Brien's The Third Policeman in the context of the time of
its writing, 1940, its relation to certain English novelistic traditions and also the broader Irish
literary tradition in which it belongs.
Seamus Deane refers to Ireland as a "Strange Country" and indeed O'Brien's own narrator recalls the
words of his father:
" . . . he would mention Parnell with the customers and say that Ireland was a queer country." (7)
Such a concurrence indicates to a degree the peculiar nature of the Irish situation with regard to ...
The publication of Ulysses with what Declan Kiberd has called its " . . . cathedral–like structure . . .
" (Interview), left an anxiety of influence for many Irish writers. Where could one go fictionally
after Ulysses?
Ulysses, seen as an attempt at an all encompassing, encyclopaedic form is more indicative of a post–
colonial mimic anxiety than the work of O'Brien. Post–colonial is used here in the sense of the
beginning of resistance rather than as a chronological marker. The "cathedral–like structure" while
splendid, and the pointed satire of parody of English form suggests a literary materialism and an
overwhelming desire to beat them at their own game. To install oneself and one's work in the epic
tradition may well place one on the European literary map but it may also betray an anxiety which
legitimates such hegemony.
O'Brien's subversion of bildungsroman and flight into a non–realist surrealistic mode is suggestive
also of a more pressing discontent with the Irish Free State and its intolerance of difference. The
balloon episode functions as an allegory of a tendency to prohibit freedom and intrude upon the
privacy of the individual. (163–65) Sergeant Pluck concludes:
"That is a nice piece of law and order for you, a terrific indictment of democratic self–government, a
beautiful commentary on Home Rule." (165)

A certain

The Role Of Grania By Lady Gregory
The role of the theatre during the Irish Literary Revival was central to Irish cultural nationalism and
the political dynamics at the start of the 20th century. As a playwright and a co–founder of the
Abbey Theatre, Lady Gregory created the backbone of the group that drove the Irish cultural
identity towards a more nationalist outlook. Yet as an Irish nationalist, her participation in political
causes was often muted; not because of her political views, but because of her gender. Though Lady
Gregory played a large part in the literary revival during the Irish nationalist movement, she was
wary of rekindling a past that was built upon the oppression of women. This essay will discuss the
influence Gregory's early life on her works, the portrayal of women by other prominent male
playwrights at the time, her depiction of women in her plays, and the characterization of the female
character Grania. Using the play Grania, Lady Gregory explores possibilities for Irish women to
defy gender ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gregory's dramatic interpretation of Grania becomes rather more sympathetic and offers
justification for her heroine's actions. According to author Maria–Elena Doyle in the article A
Spindle for the Battle: Feminism, Myth, and the Woman–Nation in Irish Revival Drama.,
"Ultimately what Grania wants is social recognition, an acknowledgment that she matters to the
world around her as a living individual rather than as an object of memory." (Doyle 40) As a
consequence, Grania's mental strength leads to her rejection of the patriarchal values within the
community. She becomes more than a symbol for men to interpret, but a "...social being defined by
her own actions and interactions." (Doyle 39). By presenting a woman's decision to make her own
path, Gregory alters the female standards of the Revival in a way that does little to support
nationalist

Importance of Identity in Anglo
J. M. Synge is one of the most prominent Irish writers of the twentieth century; his writing
characterizes a broad, multifaceted range of political, social and religious anxieties shaping Ireland
for the duration of its most remarkable period of change, which transformed the place from a
relatively peaceful country to a more political and aggressive location. The picture Synge creates
shows us that the question of identity relating to Ireland is problematic; however it has produced and
provoked some of the greatest literature of the century. As G. J. Watson has asserted: "However
painful the question of identity may be for the Irish in real life, it has functioned, deeply embedded
as it is in the Irish political and literary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ronan McDonald states: "Enter the playboy Christy Mahon. Christy's poetry, like the cultural
flowering of the Ascendancy, is based on a dirty deed that is aestheticized as a gallous story. In the
course of the action it is exposed and then transcended. Christy comes to the Mayoites carrying a
mark of culpability which, in the course of the play, he is privileged to purge. Culture confronts and
expiates its violent origins in the controlled laboratory of the stage. The play comically, but
unnervingly, explores the process by which violence is glorified and aestheticized. Yet it also, by a
theatrical slight of hand, reveals the violence as chimerical, and allows Christy to pass through and
survive the implications of his supposed atrocity." Ireland is shown for what it is; Synge offers us a
critique which is almost satirical. There is a mystical quality to Ireland which is emphasised by its
storytelling and folklore (Shanaitue), in which the Irish are a `nation of heroes'; a notion which is
explored through the figure of Christy – who is himself a `Christ–like' figure – as he almost brings
his father back from the dead in a sense. There is a sub–textual reference to the New Testament in
this father– son relationship; Christy is in conflict with his father – and in a certain respect – he is
`sacrificed' when he is burnt because he did not live up to the expectations people had of him. Synge
treats the conflict between the relations with irony, and it is

A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift
"A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift, he addresses the great suffering that the Irish encountered
under the British. Swift's proposal is a satire in English literature. Swift starts by intimidating the
unhappy fate of poverty of the Irish that spend all their time voyaging for food to feed their hungry
children. Swift comes up with a proposal to put the children to good use by selling them to the
commonwealth. The author goes on to lay out his proposal by saying there are 100,000 Irish
children out of the population to be set aside for dinner. A friend of Swift suggests stewing. roasting,
baking and boiling. Swift, the author, estimates particularly how much a child should weigh to serve
the absolute number of guests. Then Swift goes on saying

Theme Of The Country Girls
The Pain and Struggles of Finding an Identity Still, after the official Irish Independence in 1922, the
Irish people needed to find an identity free of the English influence, but also of the Catholic morality
and the values celebrated by the Revival. They had to define an identity which could be in step with
the times and truly represent them. It was a particularly difficult task for intellectuals and writers.
They found themselves almost shut up by Irish censorship and rejected by the bigotry that mostly
characterized the middle–class society for decades after the Independence. Michael O'Donovan in a
speech about censorship in 1962 said that writers had to face the bookless homes, the horrible
libraries each with its own little group of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In her novel The Country Girls, she also represented an image of Ireland. Throughout it, most of the
major themes related to Ireland and its society are touched, such as drinking, unhappiness in
marriage, education, moving from rural to urban areas, or even abroad, and sexuality. The latter is
the main reason why the book was banned by the Irish censorship upon its publication. In fact, it
was a delicate issue of the Ireland of the 1960s and moreover, it was being explored by a young
woman in this book. What emerges from the novel is a narrow–minded society, in which issues are
present but not faced. The narrator–protagonist's father is an alcoholic and is violent due to drinking,
"Hasn't he always to hit someone when he's drunk?" (Country Girls 31), however, Caithleen and her
mother cannot really do anything but dread him. Caithleen's friend's parents are unhappy together,
"She and Mr Brennan slept in separate beds" (Country Girls 119), but there is no possibility to
question their marriage. The protagonist has a secret relationship with a middle–aged man, Mr
Gentleman, but it eventually does not turn up well, showing that a good reputation and social status
are more valued than feelings and truth. The two girls move to Dublin in search of a more exciting
life, far from the oppressions of their small village, "I was not sorry to be leaving the old village, it
was dead and tired and old and crumbling and falling down" (Country Girls 155), but the end of the
story does not seem to suggest that they have been able to free themselves from their origins, from
who they are. And so many other examples of stuck situations could be

The Irish Influence
Throughout history, there have been many theatre companies that attempt to preserve their country's
culture through their productions, but none have done so as effectively as Ireland's Abbey Theatre,
or Amharclann Na Mainistreach . Since its opening in 1904 , the Abbey Theatre has remained true to
its original mission, "To bring upon the stage the deeper emotions of Ireland.ʺ This approach has
allowed them to thoroughly influence Ireland as a whole, particularly regarding Ireland's culture,
economic standing, political views, and literature. Through its creative productions, the company
has maintained the accurate portrayal of Ireland's history that it is famous for, while still managing
to inspire younger generations in Ireland to pursue careers in theatre. Like many European countries,
Ireland has a long history that has shaped it into the country it is today. Ireland as a whole does not
hide from the dark parts of their past, but chooses to embrace and learn from these events. The
Abbey Theatre takes the same approach by producing plays that highlight these parts of the
country's past. Most recently, the Abbey Theatre has produced The Risen People, which is based on
the Dublin Lockout in 1913 . During this time, over one third of Ireland's population lived in slums ,
and Jim Larkin, union leader at the time, encouraged many to strike in order to achieve a better life.
This was and is still Ireland's largest industrial conflict, leading to many violent events, such as

Biography Of William Butler Yeats 's ' Cathleen Ni Houlihan '
William Butler Yeats was an Irish born poet and perhaps one of the most important figures in the
history of Ireland for the 20th century. He was a prominent figure in the revival of the Irish literacy
and in particular through his poetic theater he was able to bring forth a new vision of Ireland. His
play, Cathleen ni Houlihan, is an accurate depiction of the message he wanted to convey. He used
drama to convey ongoing social problems during the era of British colonial rule. Through that other
prominent figures such as Patrick Pearse appeared into the movement for Irish Freedom. Through
his work, Pearse was also able to influence
As described in, The Journal's article on Cathleen ni Houlihan, "Yeats led a colonization in reverse".
What Yeats wanted to accomplish was to eliminate the presence of the British in Ireland. William
Butler Yeats was born as a wealthy protestant, a minority group in the country. Even though he did
not speak Gaelic he wanted to connect with the people of his country and did not want to associate
with the British culture. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, Yeats thought that literature and
poetry was a way to fill the political void left by the death of Irish political leader Charles Stewart.
Through the years, Yeats rolled out various numbers of plays and poems with the most important
one perhaps being Cathleen ni Houlihan.
Cathleen ni Houlihan, showcased the desire for Ireland to break free from the English. An old
woman, who has lost her land

Frank Mccourt's Essay 'Home For The Heart'
Social justice and equity are both common ideals to achieve in society. However, social injustice has
been more frequently shown throughout history. The poem,"No Irish Need Apply," the exhibit
"Home for the Heart," and the magazine article "The Education of Frank McCourt" are all pieces of
literature that shows the hardships that individuals have to face when searching for social justice and
equity. As life progresses, the need to achieve social justice becomes more desirable. Social justice
and equity tends to affect all people of all age and race.
Due to the harsh conditions in Ireland, several families decided to immigrate to Eastern Canada and
the United States in search for equity and social justice. In the exhibit "Home for the Heart" ... Show
Barbara Sande Dimmitt, author of "The Education of Frank McCourt" writes, "[h]ungry was ever–
present for Frank, who one day felt so starved that he licked grease from a piece of newspaper
someone had used to wrap fish and chips." Ever since his family moved back to Ireland in search for
a better life, they have not been treated like human beings. Although everyone is said to be treated
equal, Frank McCourt and his family did not have the same experiences as people of higher
standings. One day in school a teacher told McCourt that he can do better in his life and so he did,
"Five years later, in 1949, he scraped together enough money to buy passage back to America"(The
Education of Frank McCourt) in search for the American Dream. Once he arrived in America, he
decided to change his life for the better and he wanted to achieve social justice. Dimmitt then states
"[i]t was the fall of 1970 and his first week of teaching at Seward Park High School" McCourt found
social justice and equity twenty years after he immigrated to America. He managed to achieve the
American Dream and showed that social justice and equity are

How Did W B Yeats Contribution To Irish Nationalism

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Brenda Higgins

More from Brenda Higgins (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

How Did W B Yeats Contribution To Irish Nationalism