This document describes various problems that can occur in a person's gait or stance and identifies potential causes. It lists different parts of the body like the foot, knee, hip, quadriceps, hamstrings, hip extensors, hip flexors, and heel and identifies whether the issue is related to weakness or tightness in that area. For each body part, it provides examples of how weaknesses or tightnesses might affect a person's stance, swing, contact, or other phases of walking. The document uses abbreviations and short phrases to concisely link physical impairments to their observable effects on gait.

1. Problem In Stance Problem In Swing
IC/HS LR/FF MS TS/HO PS/TO ACC/IS MS DECC/TS
DF
Weak
Foot Slap, Foot Flat, Contact
By Forefoot
Remains Plantar flexed,
Excess Knee / Hip
Flexion
Remains Plantar
Flexed, Excess Knee /
Hip Flexion
Remains Plantar flexed,
Excess Knee / Hip Flexion
PF
Weak
Knee Kept In Flexion
Backward Horizontal Rotation Of
Pelvis, Prolonged Heel Contact,
Shorter Stance, Early Lift Off
Reduced Push
off, Shorter
Step,
DF
Tight
PF
Tight
Contact With Forefoot,
Knee Hyperextension
Knee Hyperextension
Knee Hyperextension,
Premature Elevation Of
Heel(Bouncing)
Premature Elevation Of Heel
(Bouncing), Knee Hyperextension,
Anterior Lean Of Trunk
Knee
Hyperextension
Excessive Plantar
flexion, Excess Knee /
Hip Flexion
Excessive Plantar
flexion, Excess Knee /
Hip Flexion
Excessive Plantar flexion.
Excess Knee / Hip Flexion
Quads
Weak
Anterior Trunk Lean,
Genu Recurvatum
Genu Recurvatum Reduced Knee Flexion
Quads
Tight
Rapid Extension Of
Knee(Spastic)
Reduced/Absent Knee
Flexion
Reduced/Absent Knee
Flexion
Reduced/Absent Knee Flexion
Hams
Weak
Circumduction, Hiking,
Vaulting
Circumduction, Hiking,
Vaulting
Circumduction, Hiking,
Vaulting
Hams
Tight
Flexed Knee
(Contracture/Spastic)
Flexed Knee
(Contracture/Spastic)
Flexed Knee
(Contracture/Spastic)
Flexed Knee (Contracture/Spastic) Lack Of Knee Extension
Hip Ext
Weak
Back Ward Trunk
Lean
Hip Ext
Tight
Shorter Step
Hip
Flex
Weak
Trunk Lurches
Backward And
Towards Other
Leg
Trunk Lurches Back And
Towards Stance Leg,
Posterior Pelvic Tilt,
Circumduction, Hiking,
Vaulting
Trunk Lurches Back And
Towards Stance Leg,
Circumduction, Hiking,
Vaulting
Circumduction, Hiking,
Vaulting
Hip
Flex
Tight
Forward Bending Trunk,
Excessive Lumbar
Lordosis, Knee Kept In
Flexion (IP Contracture)
Forward Bending Trunk, Excessive
Lumbar Lordosis, Knee Kept In
Flexion (IP Contracture)
Heel
Pain
Forefoot Makes Contac
Only
Knee
Pain
Knee Remains
Extended
Lack Of Knee Extension
Hip
Pain
Lateral Trunk Lean,
Forward Bending Trunk
Forward Bending Trunk