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The document discusses recommendations made by a group regarding COVID-19 restrictions and policies. It addresses whether the recommendations minimized harm while maximizing benefit, compromised fundamental principles, and whether biases were present. It discusses factors like urban vs. rural populations, economic status, age, race, ethnicity, and health conditions. It also includes ideas about the ethical decision-making process.
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Florida National UniversityPHI1635 Biomedical Ethics Assignment.docx
Florida National University
PHI1635 Biomedical Ethics: Assignment Week 6
Discussion Exercise: Chapter 11
Objective: The students will complete a Virtual Classroom Discussion Exercise that will Extend your knowledge beyond the core required materials for this class, Engage in collaborative learning with other students to improve the quality of the learning experience for all students and Apply the higher cognitive skills associated with critical thinking to your academic and professional work.
ASSIGNMENT GUIDELINES (10%):
Students will judgmentally amount the readings from Chapter assign on your textbook. This assignment is prearranged to help you to learning in all disciplines because it helps student’s process information rather than simply receive it.
You need to read the PowerPoint Presentation assigned for week 6 and develop a 2-3 page paper replicating your appreciative and competence to apply the readings to your ethics knowledge. Each paper must be typewritten with 12-point font and double-spaced with standard margins. Follow APA style 7th edition format when referring to the selected articles and include a reference page.
EACH PAPER SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
1. Introduction (25%) Provide a brief synopsis of the meaning (not a description) of each Chapter and articles you read, in your own words that will apply to the case study presented.
2. Discussion Challenge (65%)
Imagine an event of catastrophic proportion involving mass casualties, disrupted or non-existent services (power, transportation, and communications), scarce food and water, limited emergency personnel and medical supplies, overwhelmed hospitals, perhaps contamination from biohazard materials or nuclear fallout, etc.
Now imagine that a new set of rules has been established to guide first responders in the field whenever a “catastrophe” occurs. A system of “response triage” is required, whereby precious and limited resources will be directed to those who could most probably contribute to continued survival and eventual recovery of the community. Those who would require a disproportionate share of resources to live, and those who will most likely not survive the event, are given lower priority for distribution of assistance, including food supplies and medical treatment.
Without any formal discussion of what ethics are and how ethical decisions might be made in the field, we can see that the ethical problems are endless, but are basically summed up by asking:
1. IS EVERY HUMAN LIFE OF THE SAME VALUE AS OTHERS?
· If decision-makers were to set criteria for determining the “fittest” for survival, upon what criteria would those decisions be based?
· The richest and most powerful men?
· Young men and women with the highest sperm and ova counts?
· Mature thinkers who might carry forward lessons that are likely to help humans survive in changing circumstances?
· How would these criteria be measured?
· How would we “value” people who work in health care, education and f ...
5 Public Health Ethics, Law, and PolicybenkrutiStockThi.docx
5 Public Health Ethics, Law, and Policy
benkrut/iStock/Thinkstock
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
• Explain the relationship between ethics and public health work.
• List the central assumptions of the Public Health Code of Ethics.
• Summarize the importance of key public health cases.
• Illustrate how policies and laws are utilized in public health efforts.
© 2019 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
150
Section 5.1 The Role of Ethics in Public Health
The ethics, morals, laws, policies, and legislation involved in public health can become very
confusing, even for those who work in the field. This chapter provides a brief overview of each
of these elements, plus examples of their importance and function in the public health realm.
In public health, it is important to understand and differentiate between terms such as ethics
and morals, as they can be vastly different in practice. The Public Health Leadership Society’s
principles of ethical practice are also key to understanding how and why public health offi-
cials make policy recommendations.
Lastly, this chapter discusses the difference between policy and law, focusing on how policy
shapes public health, including its responsibilities and its outcomes. The role of policy briefs,
their purpose, and how they are written is explored, and examples of existing policies that
became laws and how they have worked within the public health realm are summarized.
5.1 The Role of Ethics in Public Health
Morals and ethics are very much alike in many respects, and the terms are often used inter-
changeably; however, they are not the same concepts. Morals are an individual’s principles of
right and wrong. They set the stage for acceptable behaviors and beliefs. Morals are not uni-
versal, and they are highly individualized, often shaped by upbringing and culture. A person
living in House A on Street A may believe that elbows on the table during dinner is unaccept-
able (it is “wrong,” or immoral), while a person living in House B on Street B may believe that
elbows on the table at meal time is fine (it is “right,” or moral).
Ethics are principles that govern a person’s behavior because they are rules provided by an
external source, such as codes of conduct in a community setting or a workplace. Ethics are
more universal and common to a set community. For example, the community of residents on
Street B are Amish, and those on Street A are not
Amish. The community ethical code in the Amish
community (everyone on Street B) would state
that elbows on the table are unethical behaviors.
This is now considered a principle governed by an
external source (the Amish community). So, while
the person living in House B on Street B may have
a moral belief that elbows on the table are fine, the
community of Street B says it is unethical. This is
where ethics and morals can collide. In most situ-
ation ...
To Prepare· Review the Congress website provided in the Resourc
To Prepare:
· Review the Congress website provided in the Resources and identify one recent (within the past 5 years) proposed health policy.
· Review the health policy you identified and reflect on the background and development of this health policy.
Post a description of the health policy you selected and a brief background for the problem or issue being addressed. Explain whether you believe there is an evidence base to support the proposed policy and explain why. Be specific and provide examples.
APA format and 3 references
Then respond to a peer with 2 references
Peer 1
The healthcare policy I chose is S. 3098, S.3098 -is the Preventive Care Awareness Act of 2021.
S. 3098 will provide national public health information and focus on people in a lower income bracket who have forgone services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This bill would also create a task force to promote preventative care and development programs in rural and underserved populations. Its primary focus is teaching low-income Americans the benefits of preventive healthcare. This bill is in committee and has bipartisan support (Bell et al., 2017).
Reading this proposed bill, I asked myself whether it is lower-income Americans who have forgone preventative treatment during COVID or Americans in general. Preventive screenings have long been advocated as one of the most valuable ways to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of disease. Cancer screenings have helped lower the US cervical cancer death rate by 50% in the last three decades (2022).
According to the American Medical Association, more than 40% of Americans surveyed stopped preventative medical care as covid-19 began (Timothy M. Smith, Senior News Writer, 2020). This number included Americans of all economic levels. I believe no proof was found that only lower-income Americans skipped screenings during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to the Joint Commission, patients with lower health literacy did not see the importance of preventative care during COVID-19 (The Joint Commission, 2022). I believe there is evidence-based support for increasing education for all Americans regarding the importance of preventive health screenings, And indeed more teaching to Americans with a lower understanding of their health. This bill was given only a 3% chance of passing into law. I believe that is partly because it only attempts to reach lower-income populations and not all Americans.
50 words minimum each response
R1
I had a hard time with this question. I'd like to believe that all, if not most, health care providers have very high empathy, which would cause them to be sensitive toward patients. However, many different people with different personalities become health providers, and laws and regulations provide boundaries for most people. I believe if left alone, healthcare professionals and other professionals would choose what is most convenient for them and not what is best for the patie ...
Public Health Essays
A Career in Public Health Essay examples
Public Health Principles
Public Health Assessment Essay
Public Vs. Public Health Essay
Public Health Research Paper
Master In Public Health
Public Health Entrance Paper
The Ethics Of Public Health Essay
Global Public Health Essay
Public Health Nursing Essay
Legal PrinciplesNon- Malfeasance- Do n.docx
Legal Principles
Non- Malfeasance- Do no harm
The legal principles are rules of human behavior that used to be considered as just, before the law started being written.
The ethical category of Non-Malfeasance represents the doctor’s try to avoid any act or treatment plan that would hurt the patient or violate the patient’s trust, and has been popularized in the phrase “first, do no harm.” Non-Malfeasance is supported through discretion and avoidance. It is critically important that the specialist provider of highly persistent treatments uphold Non-Malfeasance.
(Rodak, 2012)
Beneficence- Promote the welfare of others
Beneficent actions and motives have usually occupied a middle place in morality. Ordinary examples today are found in social welfare programs, policies to improve the welfare of animals etc.
Distributive Justice- All involved should have equal entitlements
The economic structure that each society has its laws, institutions, policies, etc. results in different distributions of economic benefits and burdens across members of the society. These economic frameworks are the result of human political processes and they continually change both across societies and within societies over time.
Autonomy- non influenced decisions for both patients and physicians
The term “autonomy” has appeared more and more often in the medical literature. According to this interpretation of autonomy, the goal for an autonomous person is to decide on his or her own, without undue manipulation by others.
One of the first empirical papers in medical decision making on patient autonomy thus linked autonomy to the question of whether patients wanted to make decisions themselves. In the descriptive medical decision making literature, this meaning has become the default.
The patient described in the informative model from the well known paper of Emanuel and Emanuel corresponds with an autonomous patient in this sense.
Healthcare Rights
Non- Discrimination- race, religion, sexual orientation
In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or consideration of, or making a difference in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing is apparent to belong to rather than on individual merit. This includes treatment of an individual or group, based on their real or perceived membership in a certain group or social group.
(Lamont, 2016)
Credentialing/ Scope of Practice
When you go for health care, identity matters a lot. You need to verify certain proofs. Following are the things that you need:
Verification of identity
(NAMSS, n.d.)
Legal Employment Qualifications
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) required employers to verify that all newly hired workers present "facially valid" documentation verifying the employee's identity and legal authorization to accept employment in the United States. The I-9 form or more properly ...
Chapter 4 ADVOCACY IN SOCIAL WORK Learning Objectives A
Chapter 4: ADVOCACY IN SOCIAL WORK
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
1. Differentiate case advocacy and cause advocacy.
2. Summarize the ethical issues involved in advocacy.
3. Explain how advocacy is a signature aspect of social work practice.
4. Identify costs and benefits associated with advocacy.
5. Describe a cycle of advocacy.
6. List and describe four tenets of the dynamic advocacy model.
Nancy Advocates to Professionalize
Social Work in Her State
Nancy is a SSW-level social worker residing in a state that recognizes and provides licensure only
for MSW-level clinical social workers who have passed a national examination and completed at
least 2 years of supervised clinical experience. The license is what allows clinical social workers
to enter private practice with individuals and families, obtain reimbursement through insurance
companies and other third parties, and tap into public funding sources. In contrast, BSW and
nonclinical MSW social workers have been limited to obtaining state certifications in social work.
These certifications lack credibility with potential clients and funding sources.
In Nancy's state, human service organizations rarely require proof of certificat ion or of a
degree in social work for employment as a social worker in nonclinical settings. So by law,
just about anyone with at least a bachelor's degree can choose to be called a social worker.
People who have majored in psychology, sociology, criminal justice, history, and English routinely
obtain employment in human service and mental health agencies in her state. They often refer
to themselves as social workers, care managers, caseworkers, and intervention specialists. As
a result, the general public believes that the term social worker can be applied to nearly anyone
doing good for others.
Nancy worked hard for her BSW degree and wonders how nonprofessionals can effectively
do the work without the training she has received. It seems to her that the potential for doing
harm is high.
The important point here is that Nancy is thinking and acting as an advocate. To ensure that
clients receive quality services from competent social workers, Nancy works with her National
Association of Social Workers state chapter and local social work educators to promote
state legislation that will establish licensure and title protection for all social workers. As their
recommended changes in state laws are considered, social workers and some client groups
have also been talking with administrators of social work agencies about how important it is to
require that every "social worker" in a human service position have a social work degree and be
appropriately educated.
58 PART 1 Understanding Social Work
A Social workers can act as advocates for their clients by promoting legislation
that has a positive effect on the community.
T he element of social work that grea ...
Recommended
Florida National UniversityPHI1635 Biomedical Ethics Assignment.docx
Florida National University
PHI1635 Biomedical Ethics: Assignment Week 6
Discussion Exercise: Chapter 11
Objective: The students will complete a Virtual Classroom Discussion Exercise that will Extend your knowledge beyond the core required materials for this class, Engage in collaborative learning with other students to improve the quality of the learning experience for all students and Apply the higher cognitive skills associated with critical thinking to your academic and professional work.
ASSIGNMENT GUIDELINES (10%):
Students will judgmentally amount the readings from Chapter assign on your textbook. This assignment is prearranged to help you to learning in all disciplines because it helps student’s process information rather than simply receive it.
You need to read the PowerPoint Presentation assigned for week 6 and develop a 2-3 page paper replicating your appreciative and competence to apply the readings to your ethics knowledge. Each paper must be typewritten with 12-point font and double-spaced with standard margins. Follow APA style 7th edition format when referring to the selected articles and include a reference page.
EACH PAPER SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
1. Introduction (25%) Provide a brief synopsis of the meaning (not a description) of each Chapter and articles you read, in your own words that will apply to the case study presented.
2. Discussion Challenge (65%)
Imagine an event of catastrophic proportion involving mass casualties, disrupted or non-existent services (power, transportation, and communications), scarce food and water, limited emergency personnel and medical supplies, overwhelmed hospitals, perhaps contamination from biohazard materials or nuclear fallout, etc.
Now imagine that a new set of rules has been established to guide first responders in the field whenever a “catastrophe” occurs. A system of “response triage” is required, whereby precious and limited resources will be directed to those who could most probably contribute to continued survival and eventual recovery of the community. Those who would require a disproportionate share of resources to live, and those who will most likely not survive the event, are given lower priority for distribution of assistance, including food supplies and medical treatment.
Without any formal discussion of what ethics are and how ethical decisions might be made in the field, we can see that the ethical problems are endless, but are basically summed up by asking:
1. IS EVERY HUMAN LIFE OF THE SAME VALUE AS OTHERS?
· If decision-makers were to set criteria for determining the “fittest” for survival, upon what criteria would those decisions be based?
· The richest and most powerful men?
· Young men and women with the highest sperm and ova counts?
· Mature thinkers who might carry forward lessons that are likely to help humans survive in changing circumstances?
· How would these criteria be measured?
· How would we “value” people who work in health care, education and f ...
5 Public Health Ethics, Law, and PolicybenkrutiStockThi.docx
5 Public Health Ethics, Law, and Policy
benkrut/iStock/Thinkstock
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
• Explain the relationship between ethics and public health work.
• List the central assumptions of the Public Health Code of Ethics.
• Summarize the importance of key public health cases.
• Illustrate how policies and laws are utilized in public health efforts.
© 2019 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
150
Section 5.1 The Role of Ethics in Public Health
The ethics, morals, laws, policies, and legislation involved in public health can become very
confusing, even for those who work in the field. This chapter provides a brief overview of each
of these elements, plus examples of their importance and function in the public health realm.
In public health, it is important to understand and differentiate between terms such as ethics
and morals, as they can be vastly different in practice. The Public Health Leadership Society’s
principles of ethical practice are also key to understanding how and why public health offi-
cials make policy recommendations.
Lastly, this chapter discusses the difference between policy and law, focusing on how policy
shapes public health, including its responsibilities and its outcomes. The role of policy briefs,
their purpose, and how they are written is explored, and examples of existing policies that
became laws and how they have worked within the public health realm are summarized.
5.1 The Role of Ethics in Public Health
Morals and ethics are very much alike in many respects, and the terms are often used inter-
changeably; however, they are not the same concepts. Morals are an individual’s principles of
right and wrong. They set the stage for acceptable behaviors and beliefs. Morals are not uni-
versal, and they are highly individualized, often shaped by upbringing and culture. A person
living in House A on Street A may believe that elbows on the table during dinner is unaccept-
able (it is “wrong,” or immoral), while a person living in House B on Street B may believe that
elbows on the table at meal time is fine (it is “right,” or moral).
Ethics are principles that govern a person’s behavior because they are rules provided by an
external source, such as codes of conduct in a community setting or a workplace. Ethics are
more universal and common to a set community. For example, the community of residents on
Street B are Amish, and those on Street A are not
Amish. The community ethical code in the Amish
community (everyone on Street B) would state
that elbows on the table are unethical behaviors.
This is now considered a principle governed by an
external source (the Amish community). So, while
the person living in House B on Street B may have
a moral belief that elbows on the table are fine, the
community of Street B says it is unethical. This is
where ethics and morals can collide. In most situ-
ation ...
To Prepare· Review the Congress website provided in the Resourc
To Prepare:
· Review the Congress website provided in the Resources and identify one recent (within the past 5 years) proposed health policy.
· Review the health policy you identified and reflect on the background and development of this health policy.
Post a description of the health policy you selected and a brief background for the problem or issue being addressed. Explain whether you believe there is an evidence base to support the proposed policy and explain why. Be specific and provide examples.
APA format and 3 references
Then respond to a peer with 2 references
Peer 1
The healthcare policy I chose is S. 3098, S.3098 -is the Preventive Care Awareness Act of 2021.
S. 3098 will provide national public health information and focus on people in a lower income bracket who have forgone services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This bill would also create a task force to promote preventative care and development programs in rural and underserved populations. Its primary focus is teaching low-income Americans the benefits of preventive healthcare. This bill is in committee and has bipartisan support (Bell et al., 2017).
Reading this proposed bill, I asked myself whether it is lower-income Americans who have forgone preventative treatment during COVID or Americans in general. Preventive screenings have long been advocated as one of the most valuable ways to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of disease. Cancer screenings have helped lower the US cervical cancer death rate by 50% in the last three decades (2022).
According to the American Medical Association, more than 40% of Americans surveyed stopped preventative medical care as covid-19 began (Timothy M. Smith, Senior News Writer, 2020). This number included Americans of all economic levels. I believe no proof was found that only lower-income Americans skipped screenings during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to the Joint Commission, patients with lower health literacy did not see the importance of preventative care during COVID-19 (The Joint Commission, 2022). I believe there is evidence-based support for increasing education for all Americans regarding the importance of preventive health screenings, And indeed more teaching to Americans with a lower understanding of their health. This bill was given only a 3% chance of passing into law. I believe that is partly because it only attempts to reach lower-income populations and not all Americans.
50 words minimum each response
R1
I had a hard time with this question. I'd like to believe that all, if not most, health care providers have very high empathy, which would cause them to be sensitive toward patients. However, many different people with different personalities become health providers, and laws and regulations provide boundaries for most people. I believe if left alone, healthcare professionals and other professionals would choose what is most convenient for them and not what is best for the patie ...
Public Health Essays
A Career in Public Health Essay examples
Public Health Principles
Public Health Assessment Essay
Public Vs. Public Health Essay
Public Health Research Paper
Master In Public Health
Public Health Entrance Paper
The Ethics Of Public Health Essay
Global Public Health Essay
Public Health Nursing Essay
Legal PrinciplesNon- Malfeasance- Do n.docx
Legal Principles
Non- Malfeasance- Do no harm
The legal principles are rules of human behavior that used to be considered as just, before the law started being written.
The ethical category of Non-Malfeasance represents the doctor’s try to avoid any act or treatment plan that would hurt the patient or violate the patient’s trust, and has been popularized in the phrase “first, do no harm.” Non-Malfeasance is supported through discretion and avoidance. It is critically important that the specialist provider of highly persistent treatments uphold Non-Malfeasance.
(Rodak, 2012)
Beneficence- Promote the welfare of others
Beneficent actions and motives have usually occupied a middle place in morality. Ordinary examples today are found in social welfare programs, policies to improve the welfare of animals etc.
Distributive Justice- All involved should have equal entitlements
The economic structure that each society has its laws, institutions, policies, etc. results in different distributions of economic benefits and burdens across members of the society. These economic frameworks are the result of human political processes and they continually change both across societies and within societies over time.
Autonomy- non influenced decisions for both patients and physicians
The term “autonomy” has appeared more and more often in the medical literature. According to this interpretation of autonomy, the goal for an autonomous person is to decide on his or her own, without undue manipulation by others.
One of the first empirical papers in medical decision making on patient autonomy thus linked autonomy to the question of whether patients wanted to make decisions themselves. In the descriptive medical decision making literature, this meaning has become the default.
The patient described in the informative model from the well known paper of Emanuel and Emanuel corresponds with an autonomous patient in this sense.
Healthcare Rights
Non- Discrimination- race, religion, sexual orientation
In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or consideration of, or making a difference in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing is apparent to belong to rather than on individual merit. This includes treatment of an individual or group, based on their real or perceived membership in a certain group or social group.
(Lamont, 2016)
Credentialing/ Scope of Practice
When you go for health care, identity matters a lot. You need to verify certain proofs. Following are the things that you need:
Verification of identity
(NAMSS, n.d.)
Legal Employment Qualifications
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) required employers to verify that all newly hired workers present "facially valid" documentation verifying the employee's identity and legal authorization to accept employment in the United States. The I-9 form or more properly ...
Chapter 4 ADVOCACY IN SOCIAL WORK Learning Objectives A
Chapter 4: ADVOCACY IN SOCIAL WORK
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
1. Differentiate case advocacy and cause advocacy.
2. Summarize the ethical issues involved in advocacy.
3. Explain how advocacy is a signature aspect of social work practice.
4. Identify costs and benefits associated with advocacy.
5. Describe a cycle of advocacy.
6. List and describe four tenets of the dynamic advocacy model.
Nancy Advocates to Professionalize
Social Work in Her State
Nancy is a SSW-level social worker residing in a state that recognizes and provides licensure only
for MSW-level clinical social workers who have passed a national examination and completed at
least 2 years of supervised clinical experience. The license is what allows clinical social workers
to enter private practice with individuals and families, obtain reimbursement through insurance
companies and other third parties, and tap into public funding sources. In contrast, BSW and
nonclinical MSW social workers have been limited to obtaining state certifications in social work.
These certifications lack credibility with potential clients and funding sources.
In Nancy's state, human service organizations rarely require proof of certificat ion or of a
degree in social work for employment as a social worker in nonclinical settings. So by law,
just about anyone with at least a bachelor's degree can choose to be called a social worker.
People who have majored in psychology, sociology, criminal justice, history, and English routinely
obtain employment in human service and mental health agencies in her state. They often refer
to themselves as social workers, care managers, caseworkers, and intervention specialists. As
a result, the general public believes that the term social worker can be applied to nearly anyone
doing good for others.
Nancy worked hard for her BSW degree and wonders how nonprofessionals can effectively
do the work without the training she has received. It seems to her that the potential for doing
harm is high.
The important point here is that Nancy is thinking and acting as an advocate. To ensure that
clients receive quality services from competent social workers, Nancy works with her National
Association of Social Workers state chapter and local social work educators to promote
state legislation that will establish licensure and title protection for all social workers. As their
recommended changes in state laws are considered, social workers and some client groups
have also been talking with administrators of social work agencies about how important it is to
require that every "social worker" in a human service position have a social work degree and be
appropriately educated.
58 PART 1 Understanding Social Work
A Social workers can act as advocates for their clients by promoting legislation
that has a positive effect on the community.
T he element of social work that grea ...
Achieving Health Equity through Law & Policy
The Practical Playbook
National Meeting 2016
www.practicalplaybook.org
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The National Meeting was also a significant source of tools and resources to advance collaboration. These tools and resources are available below and include:
Session presentations and materials
Poster session content
Photos from the National Meeting
The conversation started at the National Meeting is continuing in a LinkedIn Group "Working Together for Population Health" and Twitter. Use #PPBMeeting to provide feedback on the National Meeting.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA).
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1 day agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 10COLLAPSET.docx
1 day ago
Jessica Dunne
RE: Discussion - Week 10
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Resource Allocation for an Aging Population
Technological advances in medicine and preventative care means that Americans are living longer lives than ever before. Hayutin, Deitz, and Mitchell (2010) assert that by the year 2030 Americans over the age of 65 will account for 20% of the population. There will soon be more elderly Americans than children, and the number of working adults is expected to decrease concurrently. This shift in the population will yield significant economic, political and social challenges. Healthcare needs are also changing. Death and disability rates are declining, yet the incidence of chronic illness within the elderly population continues to rise (Hayutin, Deitz, & Mitchell, 2010). Crippen and Barnato (2011) contend that 20% of the population assume 80% of all healthcare-related costs. As much as 75% of these costs are attributable to chronic diseases (Crippen & Barnato, 2011). Revenues for healthcare are projected to decrease while expenditures are expected to increase. Healthcare providers, policymakers, and industry experts need to work towards solutions that will optimize healthcare dollars and create sustainability for future generations.
Ethical Considerations
The dynamics of healthcare are complicated; financial resources seem insignificant when making life and death decisions. Nonetheless, resources are finite, and therefore, distribution and allocation of funds must be ethical. According to Craig (2010), the theory of distributive justice requires that people with the same health needs have equitable access to all available resources. However, distributive justice also requires that the associated costs also be shared equitably. Fairness is another ethical principle that should be applied in the allocation of healthcare resources. Policies that are fair must be transparent, understandable, and there must be regulatory process to address complaints and resolve conflicts. The idea that healthcare is a human right is outlined in the declaration of independence which guarantees citizens the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The need of the patient should also be considered. A burn patient needs plastic surgery more than a patient that wants rhinoplasty (Craig, 2010).
Nurses provide the best possible care to every single patient regardless of gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability to pay, or age. The American Nurses Association (2012) provides ethical guidelines for nurses to employ in their practice. Provisions one, two, and three promote the principle of beneficence, and the obligation nurses have to advocate for the best interests of their patients. Provisions seven, eight, and nine focus on providing social justice for clients through practice and policy (American Nurses Association, 2012). Nurses should also promote aut.
SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL.docx
SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL
SafeAssign Originality Report Generator III
Shaundreka Lowery
on Sun, Sep 08 2019, 12:04 PM
48% highest match
Submission ID: 5466e2eb-99a4-44e3-9624-2e95c4bca988
Attachments (1)
Case Study 7.docx
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Addressing the Determinant AIDS
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Stillwaggon (2000) shows that “HIV/AIDS has developed below diverse conditions
around the world”. For instance, in the industrialized countries, ‘what commenced as
an epidemic amongst guys who have intercourse with men and then needle sharing
drug users, is now increasingly concentrated in negative and marginalized sectors of
the population’. In Africa and South Asia, ‘the AIDS epidemic is nearly entirely
among heterosexual non-drug users. Latin America represents a composite of the
(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)
Case Study 7.docx
Word Count: 1,194
Attachment ID: 2097172046
48%
Page 1 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
9/8/2019https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
industrial and growing worlds both in its monetary overall performance and its HIV
epidemics’. While it is acknowledged that “social determinants of fitness have an
effect on a person’s risk of HIV infection, the velocity with which HIV contamination
will growth to AIDS and a person’s capability to control and live with
HIV/AIDS” (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006), these social determinants can
be categorized in a wide variety of ways. For instance, as counseled through Pound
stone et al. (2004), these can focus on structural factors, social factors, character
factors and HIV transmission dynamics. To be useful for research, programmatic
and coverage purposes, the categorizations need to add explanatory power to the
conceivable pathways between factors and outcomes, and no longer certainly be a
laundry list of societal aspects. Furthermore, the meaning and relevance of these
determinants may additionally range notably relying on the regional context as. For
this cause we will at the beginning evaluation the social determinants of HIV/AIDS
from a North American (Canada and the USA) unique perspective, and then from an
emerging markets nations perspective.
1 DESCRIBE HOW THE COMMUNITY IS PRESENTLY TACKLING THE
PROBLEM THROUGH THE LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Local health department in our society is a non profit organization. And along with
this local organization some organizations are working same for the prevention of
AIDS and their roles are as follows:
Because of their capacity to more effortlessly provide services to high-risk groups,
non-governmental agencies (NGOs) will play a quintessential function in any
profitable AIDS prevention program.
Submit an outline of your paper. Submit a list of 5 references from.docx
Submit an outline of your paper. Submit a list of 5 references from legitimate sources (no blogs please) that will inform your public health issue.
I. Introduction to the public health problem
A. Data scope of the problem: incidence/prevalence data
B. Impact of public health problem
C. Who, what, when, how
II. Proposed intervention and ethical dilemma
A. How will the intervention be implemented
B. What are the major concerns raised by this issue
III. Ethical Analysis
A. Assessing the facts - is there evidence that this intervention will actually help the public health problem? Is there data?
B. Relevant Ethical issues or Moral Considerations (what values are in conflict?)
1. Will it produce benefits
2. Will it avoid, prevent or reduce harms (are there any unintended consequences?)
3. Will it maximize benefits over harm; what about other considerations like cost?
4. Will the benefits and burdens be distributed fairly?
5. Will individual choices be respected (or is the public health benefit such that it should override individual liberty)
6. Are there concern about privacy or confidentiality?
7. promise keeping
8. disclosing accurate information; is there transparency in the process?
9. maintaining public trust
C. Who are the major stakeholders in the outcome and what positions will they take?
D. Which features of the social-cultural-historical context are relevant?
IV. Justification for your conclusion (is this policy/intervention ethical?)
In the US, we have a number of values such as liberty to do as one choses related to what one believes is a "good life" and a right to keep medical information private. Public health interventions sometimes clash with these values. If you are arguing in favor of a public health intervention that clashes with these values, there are a number of "justificatory conditions" that must be met to override these values. You may want to discuss them in your paper.
Justicatory Conditions
Effectiveness: it the action likely to accomplish the public health goal?
Necessity: Is the action necessary to override the conflicting ethical claims to achieve the public health goal>
Least infringement: Is the action the least restrictive and least intrusive?
Proportionality: Will the probable benefits of the action outweigh the infringed moral norms and any negative effects?
Impartiality: Are all potentially affected stakeholders treated impartially (fairly)?
Public justification: Can public health officials offer public justification that citizens, and in particular those most affected, could find acceptable in principle?
.
Running head HEALTHCARE ISSUE POLICY ! 1Healthcare I.docx
Running head: HEALTHCARE ISSUE POLICY
! 1
Healthcare Issue Policy
Raha Albeshr
January,4,2017
Lyn
Sticky Note
Suggestion for title to paper: "Creating a More Inclusive System: Expanding Access to Health Care with the PPACA"
HEALTHCARE ISSUE POLICY 2
Healthcare Issue Policy
Policy History: Provide some background on the health issue you are researching. What
aspects of earlier debates (key arguments, rhetoric, etc.) have shaped current
controversies on this topic?
The United States currently has many healthcare issues that it is facing. These issues
are the main reason why a large number of people in the country face a lot of health
problems. The country is currently spending the largest amount of money on healthcare
compared to other countries. Due to this reason, many people have provided proposals for
policies that can be utilized to solve these health issues and help individuals in the country
attain a healthcare improvement. An example of the many issues that the country is facing
among others includes shortage of doctors, substance abuse, tobacco, overweight, and
obesity. Access to healthcare is a major issue that many individuals in the United States feel
the need to ensure its existence.
Many people in the United States are interested in the issue of access to healthcare.
Without good access, people do not have the ability to ensure that they will remain healthy.
Access to health care is thus a significantly important aspect that people are highly concerned
with. The patient protection and the affordable care act is one of the main policy that has
attempted to address this issue. Through this act, many individuals have managed to attain
Lyn
Sticky Note
Capitalize first letters for the name of the law: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Lyn
Sticky Note
A better focus for this paragraph would be to quote the numbers of individuals who were uninsured prior to the ACA, and the current numbers of uninsured, showing that the ACA reduced the numbers of uninsured by over 20 million. Then talk about the programs that brought more people into the health care system.
HEALTHCARE ISSUE POLICY 3
access to healthcare. A large number of individuals who were initially uninsured have
currently managed to attain access to healthcare provision. This is due to the fact that the
affordable care act has made access to health care significantly cheap and thus those without
the ability to pay high for them to access healthcare provision have managed to attain cheap
options that they can take and thus attain access. The government, through the act, has also
established programs that both cater for the poor, the old and the disabled individuals
ensuring that they are fully covered for health under the government’s cost (Sederstrom,
2014).
Despite these changes and governmental efforts to ensure access to healthcare for all
individuals within the united states, Healthcar ...
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The Practical Playbook
National Meeting 2016
www.practicalplaybook.org
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The National Meeting was also a significant source of tools and resources to advance collaboration. These tools and resources are available below and include:
Session presentations and materials
Poster session content
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The conversation started at the National Meeting is continuing in a LinkedIn Group "Working Together for Population Health" and Twitter. Use #PPBMeeting to provide feedback on the National Meeting.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA).
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NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Resource Allocation for an Aging Population
Technological advances in medicine and preventative care means that Americans are living longer lives than ever before. Hayutin, Deitz, and Mitchell (2010) assert that by the year 2030 Americans over the age of 65 will account for 20% of the population. There will soon be more elderly Americans than children, and the number of working adults is expected to decrease concurrently. This shift in the population will yield significant economic, political and social challenges. Healthcare needs are also changing. Death and disability rates are declining, yet the incidence of chronic illness within the elderly population continues to rise (Hayutin, Deitz, & Mitchell, 2010). Crippen and Barnato (2011) contend that 20% of the population assume 80% of all healthcare-related costs. As much as 75% of these costs are attributable to chronic diseases (Crippen & Barnato, 2011). Revenues for healthcare are projected to decrease while expenditures are expected to increase. Healthcare providers, policymakers, and industry experts need to work towards solutions that will optimize healthcare dollars and create sustainability for future generations.
Ethical Considerations
The dynamics of healthcare are complicated; financial resources seem insignificant when making life and death decisions. Nonetheless, resources are finite, and therefore, distribution and allocation of funds must be ethical. According to Craig (2010), the theory of distributive justice requires that people with the same health needs have equitable access to all available resources. However, distributive justice also requires that the associated costs also be shared equitably. Fairness is another ethical principle that should be applied in the allocation of healthcare resources. Policies that are fair must be transparent, understandable, and there must be regulatory process to address complaints and resolve conflicts. The idea that healthcare is a human right is outlined in the declaration of independence which guarantees citizens the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The need of the patient should also be considered. A burn patient needs plastic surgery more than a patient that wants rhinoplasty (Craig, 2010).
Nurses provide the best possible care to every single patient regardless of gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability to pay, or age. The American Nurses Association (2012) provides ethical guidelines for nurses to employ in their practice. Provisions one, two, and three promote the principle of beneficence, and the obligation nurses have to advocate for the best interests of their patients. Provisions seven, eight, and nine focus on providing social justice for clients through practice and policy (American Nurses Association, 2012). Nurses should also promote aut.
SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL.docx
SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL
SafeAssign Originality Report Generator III
Shaundreka Lowery
on Sun, Sep 08 2019, 12:04 PM
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Submission ID: 5466e2eb-99a4-44e3-9624-2e95c4bca988
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Case Study 7.docx
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Addressing the Determinant AIDS
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Stillwaggon (2000) shows that “HIV/AIDS has developed below diverse conditions
around the world”. For instance, in the industrialized countries, ‘what commenced as
an epidemic amongst guys who have intercourse with men and then needle sharing
drug users, is now increasingly concentrated in negative and marginalized sectors of
the population’. In Africa and South Asia, ‘the AIDS epidemic is nearly entirely
among heterosexual non-drug users. Latin America represents a composite of the
(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)
Case Study 7.docx
Word Count: 1,194
Attachment ID: 2097172046
48%
Page 1 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
9/8/2019https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
industrial and growing worlds both in its monetary overall performance and its HIV
epidemics’. While it is acknowledged that “social determinants of fitness have an
effect on a person’s risk of HIV infection, the velocity with which HIV contamination
will growth to AIDS and a person’s capability to control and live with
HIV/AIDS” (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006), these social determinants can
be categorized in a wide variety of ways. For instance, as counseled through Pound
stone et al. (2004), these can focus on structural factors, social factors, character
factors and HIV transmission dynamics. To be useful for research, programmatic
and coverage purposes, the categorizations need to add explanatory power to the
conceivable pathways between factors and outcomes, and no longer certainly be a
laundry list of societal aspects. Furthermore, the meaning and relevance of these
determinants may additionally range notably relying on the regional context as. For
this cause we will at the beginning evaluation the social determinants of HIV/AIDS
from a North American (Canada and the USA) unique perspective, and then from an
emerging markets nations perspective.
1 DESCRIBE HOW THE COMMUNITY IS PRESENTLY TACKLING THE
PROBLEM THROUGH THE LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Local health department in our society is a non profit organization. And along with
this local organization some organizations are working same for the prevention of
AIDS and their roles are as follows:
Because of their capacity to more effortlessly provide services to high-risk groups,
non-governmental agencies (NGOs) will play a quintessential function in any
profitable AIDS prevention program.
Submit an outline of your paper. Submit a list of 5 references from.docx
Submit an outline of your paper. Submit a list of 5 references from legitimate sources (no blogs please) that will inform your public health issue.
I. Introduction to the public health problem
A. Data scope of the problem: incidence/prevalence data
B. Impact of public health problem
C. Who, what, when, how
II. Proposed intervention and ethical dilemma
A. How will the intervention be implemented
B. What are the major concerns raised by this issue
III. Ethical Analysis
A. Assessing the facts - is there evidence that this intervention will actually help the public health problem? Is there data?
B. Relevant Ethical issues or Moral Considerations (what values are in conflict?)
1. Will it produce benefits
2. Will it avoid, prevent or reduce harms (are there any unintended consequences?)
3. Will it maximize benefits over harm; what about other considerations like cost?
4. Will the benefits and burdens be distributed fairly?
5. Will individual choices be respected (or is the public health benefit such that it should override individual liberty)
6. Are there concern about privacy or confidentiality?
7. promise keeping
8. disclosing accurate information; is there transparency in the process?
9. maintaining public trust
C. Who are the major stakeholders in the outcome and what positions will they take?
D. Which features of the social-cultural-historical context are relevant?
IV. Justification for your conclusion (is this policy/intervention ethical?)
In the US, we have a number of values such as liberty to do as one choses related to what one believes is a "good life" and a right to keep medical information private. Public health interventions sometimes clash with these values. If you are arguing in favor of a public health intervention that clashes with these values, there are a number of "justificatory conditions" that must be met to override these values. You may want to discuss them in your paper.
Justicatory Conditions
Effectiveness: it the action likely to accomplish the public health goal?
Necessity: Is the action necessary to override the conflicting ethical claims to achieve the public health goal>
Least infringement: Is the action the least restrictive and least intrusive?
Proportionality: Will the probable benefits of the action outweigh the infringed moral norms and any negative effects?
Impartiality: Are all potentially affected stakeholders treated impartially (fairly)?
Public justification: Can public health officials offer public justification that citizens, and in particular those most affected, could find acceptable in principle?
.
Running head HEALTHCARE ISSUE POLICY ! 1Healthcare I.docx
Running head: HEALTHCARE ISSUE POLICY
! 1
Healthcare Issue Policy
Raha Albeshr
January,4,2017
Lyn
Sticky Note
Suggestion for title to paper: "Creating a More Inclusive System: Expanding Access to Health Care with the PPACA"
HEALTHCARE ISSUE POLICY 2
Healthcare Issue Policy
Policy History: Provide some background on the health issue you are researching. What
aspects of earlier debates (key arguments, rhetoric, etc.) have shaped current
controversies on this topic?
The United States currently has many healthcare issues that it is facing. These issues
are the main reason why a large number of people in the country face a lot of health
problems. The country is currently spending the largest amount of money on healthcare
compared to other countries. Due to this reason, many people have provided proposals for
policies that can be utilized to solve these health issues and help individuals in the country
attain a healthcare improvement. An example of the many issues that the country is facing
among others includes shortage of doctors, substance abuse, tobacco, overweight, and
obesity. Access to healthcare is a major issue that many individuals in the United States feel
the need to ensure its existence.
Many people in the United States are interested in the issue of access to healthcare.
Without good access, people do not have the ability to ensure that they will remain healthy.
Access to health care is thus a significantly important aspect that people are highly concerned
with. The patient protection and the affordable care act is one of the main policy that has
attempted to address this issue. Through this act, many individuals have managed to attain
Lyn
Sticky Note
Capitalize first letters for the name of the law: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Lyn
Sticky Note
A better focus for this paragraph would be to quote the numbers of individuals who were uninsured prior to the ACA, and the current numbers of uninsured, showing that the ACA reduced the numbers of uninsured by over 20 million. Then talk about the programs that brought more people into the health care system.
HEALTHCARE ISSUE POLICY 3
access to healthcare. A large number of individuals who were initially uninsured have
currently managed to attain access to healthcare provision. This is due to the fact that the
affordable care act has made access to health care significantly cheap and thus those without
the ability to pay high for them to access healthcare provision have managed to attain cheap
options that they can take and thus attain access. The government, through the act, has also
established programs that both cater for the poor, the old and the disabled individuals
ensuring that they are fully covered for health under the government’s cost (Sederstrom,
2014).
Despite these changes and governmental efforts to ensure access to healthcare for all
individuals within the united states, Healthcar ...
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- 1. Discuss urban vs rural populations, social and economic status, questions ASSIGNMENTYour dialogue should address the following ideas, points, and questions:Do the group’s recommendations minimize the harm while maximizing the good?Do they compromise fundamental principles? If so, how? Was it necessary? In other words, what factors guided the group’s decisions? Were they biased? Were they fair?Address ideas on justice and bias and who the recommendations favorDiscuss urban vs rural populations, social and economic status, questions of age, race, and ethnicity, questions of health and pre-existing conditions – what took the highest priority?What covert biases did you see? How would you argue differently than your peers?Include ideas on the ethical decision making process.Answer to the following postCivil liberties are guarantees and freedom that will not be obstructi.e.,(i.e., Civil Rights). COVID-19 has restricted many of these civil liberties. There were restrictions on movement in the form of curfews, surveillance, and temperature checks to identify ones. The group recommended a curfew from 10 pm to 5 am. However, they did not restrict those exposed or tested positive for COVID-19. They did compromise civil liberties and may tax the emotional and mental health of the populace, but it was necessary for the better good of the city. The group was not biased but relatively fair as they were only following the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The group objectively saw following the CDC guidelines as the correct action versus the reaction and possible harm it may cause to their city and its population. The group did allow the essential resources and its worker to continue to commute and work. But they only required the Healthcare and Childcare service workers to be mandated the vaccine within a week of the FDA approving it. I’m afraid I have to disagree with this. It was fair that only a specific group was forced to accept and be administered the vaccine. It should be the entire city receiving the FDA-approved vaccine or not at all. Another questionable thing was number 5, requiring employers to accommodate for their employees to wear facemasks and personal protective equipment. The governor stated in number 1 that only essential businesses will continue to run, assuming that will be determined by rules set by the city or state government, I believe the government should accommodate the facemasks and personal protective equipment, and the employers must enforce them they are properly worn and utilized.Although the press release concludes with the goal of not limiting or restricting anyone’s freedom, determining someone’s ability to move as they wish is a restriction. Forcing a particular group of people to continue to work and endanger themselves is not applying the conditions and restrictions equally across the population. Despite all this, the group made an ethical decision for the greater good of their city.