Legal Principles Non- Malfeasance- Do no harm The legal principles are rules of human behavior that used to be considered as just, before the law started being written.  The ethical category of Non-Malfeasance represents the doctor’s try to avoid any act or treatment plan that would hurt the patient or violate the patient’s trust, and has been popularized in the phrase “first, do no harm.” Non-Malfeasance is supported through discretion and avoidance. It is critically important that the specialist provider of highly persistent treatments uphold Non-Malfeasance. (Rodak, 2012) Beneficence- Promote the welfare of others Beneficent actions and motives have usually occupied a middle place in morality. Ordinary examples today are found in social welfare programs, policies to improve the welfare of animals etc. Distributive Justice- All involved should have equal entitlements The economic structure that each society has its laws, institutions, policies, etc. results in different distributions of economic benefits and burdens across members of the society. These economic frameworks are the result of human political processes and they continually change both across societies and within societies over time. Autonomy- non influenced decisions for both patients and physicians The term “autonomy” has appeared more and more often in the medical literature. According to this interpretation of autonomy, the goal for an autonomous person is to decide on his or her own, without undue manipulation by others. One of the first empirical papers in medical decision making on patient autonomy thus linked autonomy to the question of whether patients wanted to make decisions themselves. In the descriptive medical decision making literature, this meaning has become the default. The patient described in the informative model from the well known paper of Emanuel and Emanuel corresponds with an autonomous patient in this sense. Healthcare Rights Non- Discrimination- race, religion, sexual orientation In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or consideration of, or making a difference in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing is apparent to belong to rather than on individual merit. This includes treatment of an individual or group, based on their real or perceived membership in a certain group or social group. (Lamont, 2016) Credentialing/ Scope of Practice When you go for health care, identity matters a lot. You need to verify certain proofs. Following are the things that you need: Verification of identity (NAMSS, n.d.) Legal Employment Qualifications The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) required employers to verify that all newly hired workers present "facially valid" documentation verifying the employee's identity and legal authorization to accept employment in the United States. The I-9 form or more properly ...

1. Legal Principles
Non- Malfeasance- Do no harm
The legal principles are rules of human behavior that used to be
considered as just, before the law started being written.
The ethical category of Non-Malfeasance represents the
doctor’s try to avoid any act or treatment plan that would hurt
the patient or violate the patient’s trust, and has been
popularized in the phrase “first, do no harm.” Non-Malfeasance
is supported through discretion and avoidance. It is critically
important that the specialist provider of highly persistent
treatments uphold Non-Malfeasance.
(Rodak, 2012)

2. Beneficence- Promote the welfare of others
Beneficent actions and motives have usually occupied a middle
place in morality. Ordinary examples today are found in social
welfare programs, policies to improve the welfare of animals
etc.
Distributive Justice- All involved should have equal
entitlements
The economic structure that each society has its laws,
institutions, policies, etc. results in different distributions of
economic benefits and burdens across members of the society.
These economic frameworks are the result of human political
processes and they continually change both across societies and
within societies over time.
Autonomy- non influenced decisions for both patients and
physicians
The term “autonomy” has appeared more and more often in
the medical literature. According to this interpretation of
autonomy, the goal for an autonomous person is to decide on his
or her own, without undue manipulation by others.
One of the first empirical papers in medical decision making on
patient autonomy thus linked autonomy to the question of
whether patients wanted to make decisions themselves. In the
descriptive medical decision making literature, this meaning has
become the default.
The patient described in the informative model from the well

3. known paper of Emanuel and Emanuel corresponds with an
autonomous patient in this sense.
Healthcare Rights
Non- Discrimination- race, religion, sexual orientation
In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or
consideration of, or making a difference in favor of or against, a
person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which
that person or thing is apparent to belong to rather than on
individual merit. This includes treatment of an individual or
group, based on their real or perceived membership in a certain
group or social group.
(Lamont, 2016)
Credentialing/ Scope of Practice
When you go for health care, identity matters a lot. You need
to verify certain proofs. Following are the things that you need:
Verification of identity

4. (NAMSS, n.d.)
Legal Employment Qualifications
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA)
required employers to verify that all newly hired workers
present "facially valid" documentation verifying the employee's
identity and legal authorization to accept employment in the
United States. The I-9 form or more properly the Employment
Eligibility Verification Form is provided by the federal
administration for that reason. Employees must complete
Section 1 of the form at the actual start of employment. The
employer must complete Section 2 within three days of
preliminary work.
(Hero, 2011)
Employment discrimination law in the United States derives
from the common law, and is codified in frequent state and
federal laws. These laws forbid discrimination based on certain
characteristics or secluded categories.
The United States Constitution also prohibits discrimination by

5. federal and state governments against their public employees.
Federal law prohibits discrimination in a number of areas,
including recruiting, hiring, job evaluations, endorsement
policies, training, reimbursement and disciplinary action.
(Hero, 2011)
HIPAA
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of
1996) is United States legislation that provides data privacy and
safety provisions for safeguarding medical information. The act,
which was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in August
1996, contains five sections, or titles:
HIPAA Title I protects health insurance coverage for
individuals who lose or change jobs. It also prohibits group
health plans from denying coverage to individuals with specific
diseases and pre-existing conditions, and from setting lifetime
coverage limits.
(Rouse, n.d.)
HIPAA Title II directs the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services to establish national standards for processing

6. electronic healthcare transactions. It also requires healthcare
organizations to implement secure electronic access to health
data and to remain in compliance with privacy regulations set
by HHS.
HIPAA Title III includes tax-related provisions and guidelines
for medical care.
HIPAA Title IV further defines health insurance reform,
including provisions for individuals with pre-existing
conditions and those seeking continued coverage.
HIPAA Title V includes provisions on company-owned life
insurance and treatment of those who lose their U.S. citizenship
for income tax purposes.
(Rouse, n.d.)
Consent
Role in patient decision making process
The clinical decision is a process which includes both the
clinical diagnosis and appraisal and the decision on what to do.
In addition, the decision-making process in nursing clinical
practice is understood as a series of decisions made by nurses in
interaction with the patient concerning.
It should be noted that the term “patient decision" has been
defined as a choice between alternatives in which the main
matter is the choice of a exacting course of action .
(Thomson Reuters, n.d.)

7. Must be obtained for HIPAA disclosure
The HIPAA Privacy Rule establishes a foundation of Federal
protection for personal physical condition information, carefully
balanced to avoid creating unnecessary barriers to the release of
quality health care.
The Rule generally prohibits a covered entity from using or
disclosing protected health information unless official by
patients, except where this prohibition would result in needless
interference with access to quality health care or with certain
other important public reimbursement or national priorities.
(Rouse, n.d.)
Must be obtained for procedures/ treatment
A physician must tell a patient all of the potential benefits,
risks, and alternatives involved in any surgical procedure,
medical procedure, or other course of treatment, and must
obtain the patient's written consent to proceed.
The concept is based on the principle that a physician has a duty
to reveal information to the patient so he or she can make a
sensible decision regarding treatment.
(Rouse, n.d.)

8. Legal Representation
Adult patients with capacity for health care decision-making
should make their own healthcare decisions. This includes
decisions to decline or withdraw care. Advanced age does not
preclude decisional ability.
Plenary Guardian: A full or plenary legal guardian has the duty
to assure the care and comfort of the ward within the limitations
of their scheduled time, and the public or private resources
accessible to a ward.
(Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services, n.d.)
Limited legal guardian has similar but fewer responsibilities
when compared to a plenary legal guardian. The limited legal
guardian may work out only those statutory duties which are
specified in the Probate Court ruling.
Patient under 18 age: Minors should be informed and participate

9. in their health care to the extent probable, but lack legal
capacity for health care decisions unless certain exceptions
apply.
Abuse Reporting
All health care organizations accept the responsibility to
interfere in situations which threaten the general welfare of
patients/residents. All cases of supposed abuse and neglect
involving children, aged patients, and physically and mentally
challenged patients are required by law to be reported.
Most abuse legislation is state-based legislation and may
differ state by state.
Abuse is defined as physical, emotional or sexual injury and
financial exploitation.
Neglect is defined as the negative response or failure to provide
a person with the supplies of life including, but not limited to,
food, shelter, clothing, and the provision of medical care.
(Detecting and Reporting Abuse, 2016)

10. Heather (H) - add how they report
Organizational Regulations
Staffing
Staffing is the practice of finding, evaluating and establishing a
working relationship with future colleagues on a project and
dismissal them when they are no longer needed. Staffing
involves finding people, who may be hired or already working
for the company or may be working for opposing companies.
Workers compensation
Workers' compensation health care networks contract with
insurance companies and doctors and hospitals to treat injured
employees. Except in emergencies and approved out-of-network
referrals, staff whose employers are part of a network must use
the network’s doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers
to get care for a work-related injury.
(TDI.texas.gov, 2016)
.
Malpractice coverage
A type of professional liability insurance purchased by health
care professionals (and sometimes by other types of
professionals, such as lawyers). This insurance
coverage protects health care providers against patients who sue
them under the assert that they were injured by the physician's
negligent or deliberately harmful treatment decisions.

11. Self-disclosure- error in service
Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one
person reveals information about himself or herself to another.
The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can
include thoughts, feelings, aspirations as well as one's likes,
dislikes, and favorites.
(TDI.texas.gov, 2016)
End of Life
In medicine, nursing and the allied health professions, end-of-
life refers to health care, not merely of patients in the final
hours or days of their lives, but more broadly care of all those
with a fatal illness or terminal disease condition that has
become advanced, progressive and not curable.
End-of-life care requires a range of decisions, including
questions of soothing care, patients' right to self-determination,
medical experimentation, the ethics and efficacy of
extraordinary or risky medical interventions, and the ethics and
efficacy even of continued custom medical interventions.
(Aaronson, 2013)

12. The American Public Health Association –DNR
The American Public Health Association (APHA) is a
Washington, D.C.-based professional organization for public
health professionals in the United States.
The Associations defines itself as: "APHA champions the health
of all people and all communities.
It defines its mission as: "Improve the health of the public and
achieve equity in health status.
(Aaronson, 2013)
Future Implications
FMLA
The FMLA entitles eligible employees of covered employers to
take amateur, job-protected leave for particular family and
medical reasons with continuance of group health indemnity
coverage under the same terms and circumstances as if the
employee had not taken leave. Eligible employees are entitled
to:
Twelve workweeks of leave in a 12-month period.
Twenty-six workweeks of leave during a single 12-month period
to care for a covered service member with a serious injury or
illness.
(Hero, 2011)

13. Affordable Care Act
The Affordable Care Act provides Americans with better
health security by putting in place complete health insurance
reforms that will:
Expand coverage,
Hold insurance companies accountable,
Lower health care costs,
Guarantee more choice, and
Enhance the quality of care for all Americans.
The Affordable Care Act actually refers to two separate
pieces of legislation — the Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act (P.L. 111-148) and the Health Care and Education
Reconciliation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-152)
(Medicaid.gov, n.d.)
Mandatory health coverage or penalty
Millions of Americans have enroll in ACA-compliant health
plans over the last three years, and the majority of those who
purchased their coverage through the exchange are happy with
both the price and the coverage. But clearly, not everyone is
happy with the reforms or the individual permission that
requires Americans to purchase health coverage.
Texas Interstate Healthcare Act
The Texas health insurance exchange will be federally run by
HHS after Rick Perry decided not to run a state-based market in

14. Texas. Texas has the highest percentage of uninsured in the
country with 25% of Texans uninsured prior to open staffing
2015.
(hhs.gov, 2016)
References
Detecting and Reporting Abuse. (2016). Retrieved November 6,
2016, from Centralized Clinical Placement Online Orientation:
http://www.mass.edu/mcncps/orientation/m1abuse.asp
Aaronson, R. H. (2013). Senate Approves End-of-Life
Legislation. Retrieved 2016, from The Texas Tribune:
https://www.texastribune.org/2013/04/18/lawmakers-grapple-
end-life-legislation/
HealthCoverageGuide.org. (n.d.). Insured vs. Uninsured Costs
Comparison. Retrieved November 6, 2016, from Health
Coverage Guide: http://healthcoverageguide.org/helpful-
tools/charts/insured-vs-uninsured-costs-comparison/
Hero, H. (2011). Hiring Workers: Employment Law Basics.
Retrieved Novemeber 6, 2016, from Hero:
http://topics.hrhero.com/hiring-workers-employment-law-
basics/#
hhs.gov. (2016). 5 Years Later: How the Affordable Care Act is
Working for Texas. Retrieved November 6, 2016, from Health
and Human Services: http://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/facts-and-
features/state-by-state/how-aca-is-working-for-texas/index.html

15. Lamont, J. a. (2016). Distributive Justice. Retrieved November
6, 2016, from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-distributive
Mahar, M. (2016, October). Will you owe a penalty under
Obamacare? Retrieved November 7, 2016, from Health
Insurance:
https://www.healthinsurance.org/obamacare/obamacare-penalty-
calculator/
Marberry, S. O. (2011). Accreditation, Certification, Licensure,
Registration. Retrieved November 6, 2016, from Healthcare
Design:
http://www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/article/accreditation-
certification-licensure-registration
Medicaid.gov. (n.d.). Affordable Care Act. Retrieved November
7, 2016, from Medicaid.gov:
https://www.medicaid.gov/affordable-care-act/index.html
NAMSS. (n.d.). The Ideal Credentialing Standards. Retrieved
November 6, 2016, from NAMSS.org:
http://www.namss.org/Portals/0/Regulatory/NAMSS%20Roundt
able%20Credentialing%20Best%20Practice%20Criteria%20Whit
e%20Paper.pdf
Rodak, S. (2012). 10 Guiding Principles for Patient-Centered
Care . Retrieved November 6, 2016, from Becker's Hopsitla
Review: http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/10-
guiding-principles-for-patient-centered-care.html

16. Rouse, M. (n.d.). HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act) . Retrieved November 6, 2016, from Search
Data Managment:
http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/definition/HIPAA
Stiggelbout, A. M. (2004). Ideals of patient autonomy in
clinical decision making: a study on the development of a scale
to assess patients’ and physicians’ views. Retrieved November
6, 2016, from Journal of Medical Ethics:
http://jme.bmj.com/content/30/3/268.full
TDI.texas.gov. (2016, May). Workers' Compensation Health
Care Networks. Retrieved November 7, 2016, from Texas
Department of Insurance:
http://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb084.html
Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services. (n.d.).
What is Guardianship? Retrieved November 6, 2016 , from
Texas DADS:
http://www.dads.state.tx.us/services/guardianship/
Texas Health Insurance Exchange. (2016). How the Texas
Health Benefits Exchange Marketplace Works. Retrieved
November 7, 2016, from Texas Health Insurance Exchange
Guide: http://obamacarefacts.com/insurance-exchange/texas-
health-insurance-exchange/
Thomson Reuters. (n.d.). Understanding Informed Consent - A
Primer . Retrieved November 6, 2016, from Healthcare Find
Law: http://healthcare.findlaw.com/patient-
rights/understanding-informed-consent-a-primer.html

17. Legal Handbook Outline Paper
2
Legal Handbook Outline
I. Legal Principles
a. Non- Malfeasance- Do no harm
b. Beneficence- Promote the welfare of others
c. Distributive Justice- All involved should have equal
entitlements
d. Autonomy- non influenced decisions for both patients and
physicians
i. Present treatment plans
ii. Inform patients
II. Healthcare Rights

18. a. Non- Discrimination- race, religion, sexual orientation
b. Insured vs. Non- insured
i. Medicare
ii. Healthcare Reform
iii. Uninsured
III. Credentialing/ Scope of Practice
a. Proof of identity
b. Education verification
c. Continuing education
d. Professional licensure
IV. Legal Employment Qualifications
a. I-9- must be utilized to verify employment eligibilty
b. EEOC- framework for discrimination laws
i. Race, religion, maternity, disability
V. HIPAA
a. Company has a legal responsibility to protect patient privacy,
and to do that, must keep patient information confidential and
safeguard the privacy of that patient information.
b. Employee shall keep confidential and not disclose
individually identifiable health information (as defined under
the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(“HIPAA”).
VI. Consent
a. Role in patient decision making process
b. Must be obtained for HIPAA disclosure
c. Must be obtained for procedures/ treatment
VII. Legal Representation
a. POA
i. Determines who has the right to consent to healthcare
decisions on behalf of an individual
b. Guardian
i. For adults or minors
ii. Has the right to represent patient
VIII. Abuse Reporting
a. Patient abuse- legal and ethical obligation to report
b. Provider abuse- report malpractice,

19. IX. Organizational Regulations
a. Staffing
b. Employees hired to carry out specific tasks requiring a
license must keep their licenses and credentials current and in
good standing.
c. Workers compensation
d. Malpractice coverage
e. Self-disclosure- error in service
X. End of Life
a. The American Public Health Association –DNR
b. Provide comfort and quality at EOL
XI. Federal/State Regulations and Future Implications in
Healthcare Law
a. FMLA
b. Affordable Care Act
c. Mandatory health coverage or penalty
d. Texas Interstate Healthcare Act
ORGANIZATIONAL DEFINITION PRELIMINARY
1
ORGANIZATIONAL DEFINITION PRELIMINARY
2
Organizational Definition Preliminary Paper
Introduction
This is an organizational preliminary paper in which I choose to
discuss and explain in detail the Methodist Mansfield Medical
Center as my organization of choice and the one that I am well

20. familiar with. This is a level five hospital which is well
equipped and it provides advanced and adequate services to its
patients. The wards of this hospital have a capacity of over two
hundred beds and therefore it can adequately accommodate over
two hundred patients and adequately cater for them. This
hospital was established ten years ago and according to its
history as obtained in its records, this hospital has highly
helped in improving the health care of the people living in this
society, (Carnevale, Smith & Strohl, 2010).
Background information of the hospital
This hospital was established in 2006, which is ten years ago
and since then the hospital has highly worked and has made
various advancements in ensuring that it helps improve the
health care services given to the patients. This hospital has also
helped in offering employment opportunities to all its
employees and therefore this is a positive contribution to the
neighboring society (Methodist Health System).
Methodist Mansfield Medical Center has won numerous awards
for various services such as top safety, advanced stroke center,
top performance of quality measures, best emergency
department, best maternity ward in the local area, and mother
friendly work cite (Methodist Health System). This facility has
continued its growth due to its over the top performance and
service. In addition, they are continuing with innovations to
provide an industry advantage.
Identity and size of the hospital
Methodist health systems were established in 1927 however,
Methodist Mansfield is the newest addition to the network.
There are ten other Methodist facilities in the same network as
Methodist Mansfield Medical Center. This hospital has an aim
of delivering health services to the community and later the
government intervened and helped in providing the other crucial
items that were essential for the hospital. Methodist Mansfield
Medical Center is a public hospital which is funded by the
government but sometimes there is funding which comes from
the people of good heart and hence this has helped in providing

21. health care services to the patients, (World Health Organization,
2010).
The size of this hospital is that it is a level five hospital which
is well equipped with all the necessary tools and equipment that
are necessary for the smooth running of the hospital.
This hospital is located in Texas and has a strategic position
from where different people are in a position to access the
healthcare services which are provided by the hospital.
Methodist facilities are non-profit organizations and controlled
by a church. The licensing organization of this hospital is that it
is licensed by the Texas Health and Human Services state
government. The government has also the responsibility of
ensuring that this hospital witnesses success and there is no
poor service delivery to the patients, (Carnevale, Smith &
Strohl, 2010).
Listing of the employees and other professional of the hospital
· Stephen L. Mansfield, PhD, FACHE- President and CEO of
Methodist Health Systems
· Pamela Stoyanoff - Executive Vice President and Chief
Operating Officer, Methodist Health System
· Michael J. Schaefer-Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer, Methodist Health System
· Michael "Mickey" O. Price-Executive Vice President and
Chief Legal Officer, Methodist Health System
· Laura Irvine, FACHE- Executive Vice President for
Integration and Alignment, Methodist Health System
· April Box, CFRE-President and CEO, Methodist Health
System Foundation-Senior Vice President of External Affairs,
Methodist Health System
· Cheryl Flynn, SPHR-Senior Vice President and Chief Human
Resources Officer, Methodist Health System
· Pamela G. McNutt, FCHIME- Senior Vice President and Chief
Information Officer, Methodist Health System
· John E. Phillips, FACHE-President, Methodist Mansfield
Medical Center
Methodist Mansfield Medical Center has employed a number of

22. employees and professionals whose main role is to ensure that
there is success in the delivery of the health services to the
patients and other clients in the hospital. Phillips is the
President of the hospital and he helps coordinating activities in
the various departments within the hospital. To enhance the
success of service delivery, the hospital has been divided into
various departments. There is the inpatient and outpatient
department. The hospital also has various clinics and wards
divided into sections for the ease of administration. Each
department has a head that is answerable to Phillips.
Methodist Mansfield Medical Center at a glance
Licensed beds
(all private)
254
Physicians
216
ER visits
51,459
Newborns
1,870
Patient discharges
(includes newborns)
11,839
Outpatient visits
(includes ED visits)
80,347
Employees
1,207
Active volunteers
110
(Methodist Health System)

23. Sources:
Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., & Strohl, J. (2010). Help wanted:
Projections of job and education
requirements through 2018. Lumina Foundation.
Methodist Health System. (n.d.). Methodist Mansfield Medical
Center. Retrieved Octoberr 23, 2016, from Methodist Health
System: http://www.methodisthealthsystem.org/mansfield
Reiling, J., Hughes, R. G., & Murphy., M. R. (2008, April).
Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for
Nurses. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from NCBI:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2633/
World Health Organization. (2010). Global tuberculosis
control: WHO report 2010. World
Health Organization